EA199801039A1 - Способ получения ароматических соединений из алифатических углеводородов - Google Patents
Способ получения ароматических соединений из алифатических углеводородовInfo
- Publication number
- EA199801039A1 EA199801039A1 EA199801039A EA199801039A EA199801039A1 EA 199801039 A1 EA199801039 A1 EA 199801039A1 EA 199801039 A EA199801039 A EA 199801039A EA 199801039 A EA199801039 A EA 199801039A EA 199801039 A1 EA199801039 A1 EA 199801039A1
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
- aliphatic hydrocarbons
- aromatic compounds
- bound
- producing aromatic
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 8
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C6/123—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring of only one hydrocarbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/005—Mixtures of molecular sieves comprising at least one molecular sieve which is not an aluminosilicate zeolite, e.g. from groups B01J29/03 - B01J29/049 or B01J29/82 - B01J29/89
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
- B01J29/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- B01J29/85—Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/87—Gallosilicates; Aluminogallosilicates; Galloborosilicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/65—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/82—Phosphates
- C07C2529/83—Aluminophosphates (APO compounds)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/82—Phosphates
- C07C2529/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- C07C2529/85—Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO compounds)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/87—Gallosilicates; Aluminogallosilicates; Galloborosilicates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
В заявке описан способ дегидроциклоолигомеризации для конверсии алифатических углеводородов в ароматические посредством контактирования исходного материала в условиях конверсии со связанным цеолитом цеолитным катализатором. Этот связанный цеолитом цеолитный катализатор содержит кристаллы первого цеолита, которые связаны между собой кристаллами второго цеолита. Если связанный цеолитом цеолитный катализатор селективируют, способ можно осуществлять с получением параксилола в количествах, превышающих равновесные.Международная заявка была опубликована вместе с отчетом о международном поиске.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1855196P | 1996-05-29 | 1996-05-29 | |
PCT/US1997/009608 WO1997045386A1 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 1997-05-29 | Process for producing aromatic compounds from aliphatic hydrocarbons |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EA199801039A1 true EA199801039A1 (ru) | 1999-06-24 |
EA001226B1 EA001226B1 (ru) | 2000-12-25 |
Family
ID=21788520
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EA199801039A EA001226B1 (ru) | 1996-05-29 | 1997-05-29 | Способ получения ароматических соединений из алифатических углеводородов |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5998686A (ru) |
EP (1) | EP0914311B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP2001501588A (ru) |
KR (1) | KR20000016071A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN1078194C (ru) |
AU (1) | AU737781B2 (ru) |
BR (1) | BR9709622A (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2254893A1 (ru) |
DE (1) | DE69705623T2 (ru) |
EA (1) | EA001226B1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO1997045386A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20000016112A (ko) * | 1996-05-29 | 2000-03-25 | 엑손 케미칼 패턴츠 인코포레이티드 | 금속-함유 제올라이트 촉매, 그의 제조방법 및탄화수소 전환을위한 그의 용도 |
DE69805003T2 (de) * | 1997-12-03 | 2002-11-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc., Baytown | Herstellung einer durch eine zeolith von mfi-strukturtyp gebundenen zeolith und ihre verwendung |
WO1999028031A1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst comprising a zeolite partially coated with a second zeolite, its use for hydrocarbon conversion |
EP1038855A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-27 | Abb Research Ltd. | Fuel synthesis by electric barrier discharge process |
EP1038856A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-27 | Abb Research Ltd. | Fuel synthesis by electric barrier discharge process |
US6872865B1 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2005-03-29 | Uop Llc | Selective disproportionation catalyst and process |
CN1450982A (zh) * | 2000-03-23 | 2003-10-22 | Abb研究有限公司 | 燃料合成 |
EP1162184A1 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-12 | Abb Research Ltd. | Gasoline production by dielectric barrier discharge |
RU2188225C1 (ru) * | 2001-02-19 | 2002-08-27 | Институт катализа им. Г.К.Борескова СО РАН | Способ получения ароматических углеводородов (варианты) |
US7838708B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2010-11-23 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon conversion process improvements |
US7119239B2 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2006-10-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Manufacture of xylenes using reformate |
AU2003247572A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Manufacture of xylenes from reformate |
US7186873B2 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2007-03-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Manufacture of xylenes by reactive distillation of reformate |
WO2004000767A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Manufacture of xylenes from reformate |
US20060112535A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2006-06-01 | Petur Thors | Retractable finning tool and method of using |
US20050171393A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2005-08-04 | Lorkovic Ivan M. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
US7268094B2 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2007-09-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Mixed matrix membrane with super water washed silica containing molecular sieves and methods for making and using the same |
AU2003278771A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-04-21 | Uop Llc | A process for preparing a catalyst with a non-acidic binder and a process for using the catalyst to produce aromatics |
US8173851B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2012-05-08 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
US20060100469A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2006-05-11 | Waycuilis John J | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and liquid hydrocarbons |
US20080275284A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2008-11-06 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
US8642822B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2014-02-04 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using microchannel reactor |
US7244867B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2007-07-17 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
US7674941B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-03-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
JP2006305408A (ja) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-09 | Tosoh Corp | 芳香族化反応触媒とその触媒を用いた芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
JP4972294B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-08 | 2012-07-11 | 勝 市川 | 低級炭化水素の芳香族化触媒とその製造方法 |
AU2007215476B2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2011-11-10 | Grt, Inc. | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
KR101335397B1 (ko) | 2006-02-03 | 2013-12-02 | 지알티, 인코포레이티드 | 할로겐으로부터 가벼운 기체를 분리하는 방법 |
KR100718014B1 (ko) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-05-14 | 한국화학연구원 | 제올라이트를 이용한 올레핀의 삼량체 제조방법 및 그를이용한 고비점알킬레이트 제조 방법 |
US7645913B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2010-01-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Liquid phase alkylation with multiple catalysts |
CA2687589A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Grt, Inc. | Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release |
US8282810B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2012-10-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Bromine-based method and system for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using electrolysis for bromine recovery |
CA2730934C (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2017-07-04 | Grt, Inc. | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
US8198495B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2012-06-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
US8367884B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2013-02-05 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
US8815050B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2014-08-26 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for drying liquid bromine |
US8436220B2 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-07 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for demethanization of brominated hydrocarbons |
US8829256B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-09-09 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for fractionation of brominated hydrocarbons in the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
US8802908B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2014-08-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for separate, parallel methane and higher alkanes' bromination |
US9193641B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-11-24 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for conversion of alkyl bromides to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons in circulating catalyst reactor-regenerator systems |
JP6029654B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2016-11-24 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | シリケート被覆MFI型ゼオライトとその製造方法およびそれを用いたp−キシレンの製造方法 |
JP5949069B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-03 | 2016-07-06 | 株式会社明電舎 | 低級炭化水素芳香族化触媒の製造方法 |
EP3134204A1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2017-03-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Middle distillate hydrocracking catalyst with a base extrudate having a high nanopore volume |
US20170057887A1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-02 | Shell Oil Company | Separation of catalyst and inert heat particle after aromatization of a methane containing gas stream |
US10202318B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2019-02-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst and its use in hydrocarbon conversion process |
KR102215589B1 (ko) | 2015-11-18 | 2021-02-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 냉장고 도어의 힌지 지지장치 |
CA3022086A1 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalytic aromatization |
KR102524765B1 (ko) | 2017-02-16 | 2023-04-25 | 엑손모빌 테크놀로지 앤드 엔지니어링 컴퍼니 | 경질 파라핀 전환을 위한 고정층 방사류 반응기 |
EP3941621A1 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2022-01-26 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | Mesoporous catalyst compounds and uses thereof |
CN111644197A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-11 | 北京化工大学 | 低温甲烷转化制芳烃的催化体系、制备方法及应用 |
CN114426447B (zh) * | 2020-09-28 | 2024-06-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种以富含碳四碳五的烷烃为原料生产芳烃的工艺 |
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US3965207A (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-06-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Selective production of para-xylene |
US5098894A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1992-03-24 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo K.K. | Binderless zeolite catalysts, production thereof and catalytic reaction therewith |
US4582815A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1986-04-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Extrusion of silica-rich solids |
US4652360A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-03-24 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Base-exchanged zeolite compositions with shape-selective metal functions |
FR2600557B1 (fr) * | 1986-06-24 | 1993-03-19 | Elf France | Systemes zeolitiques binaires, leur synthese et leur utilisation |
GB8704365D0 (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1987-04-01 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Zeolite l preparation |
US4746763A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-05-24 | Uop Inc. | Process for producing aromatic compounds from C2 -C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons |
GB8800046D0 (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1988-02-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Zeolite l |
GB9013916D0 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1990-08-15 | Ici Plc | Zeolites |
GB9101456D0 (en) * | 1991-01-23 | 1991-03-06 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Process for producing substantially binder-free zeolite |
CN1059424C (zh) * | 1994-11-23 | 2000-12-13 | 埃克森化学专利公司 | 应用沸石结合沸石催化剂的烃转化过程 |
-
1997
- 1997-05-29 AU AU40385/97A patent/AU737781B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-29 BR BR9709622A patent/BR9709622A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-29 JP JP09543069A patent/JP2001501588A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-29 CN CN97195735A patent/CN1078194C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-29 CA CA002254893A patent/CA2254893A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-29 EP EP97937945A patent/EP0914311B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-29 US US08/865,631 patent/US5998686A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-29 EA EA199801039A patent/EA001226B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-29 WO PCT/US1997/009608 patent/WO1997045386A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-29 KR KR1019980709638A patent/KR20000016071A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-29 DE DE69705623T patent/DE69705623T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2254893A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
BR9709622A (pt) | 1999-08-10 |
US5998686A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
DE69705623D1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
JP2001501588A (ja) | 2001-02-06 |
EA001226B1 (ru) | 2000-12-25 |
KR20000016071A (ko) | 2000-03-25 |
EP0914311B1 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
CN1078194C (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
EP0914311A1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
AU737781B2 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
CN1222899A (zh) | 1999-07-14 |
DE69705623T2 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
WO1997045386A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
AU4038597A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
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