DK156526B - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL CONTACT-FREE CLASSIFICATION OF MEAT - Google Patents
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL CONTACT-FREE CLASSIFICATION OF MEAT Download PDFInfo
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- DK156526B DK156526B DK682788A DK682788A DK156526B DK 156526 B DK156526 B DK 156526B DK 682788 A DK682788 A DK 682788A DK 682788 A DK682788 A DK 682788A DK 156526 B DK156526 B DK 156526B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 21
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015241 bacon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021189 garnishes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22B—SLAUGHTERING
- A22B5/00—Accessories for use during or after slaughtering
- A22B5/0064—Accessories for use during or after slaughtering for classifying or grading carcasses; for measuring back fat
- A22B5/007—Non-invasive scanning of carcasses, e.g. using image recognition, tomography, X-rays, ultrasound
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/12—Meat; Fish
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
Description
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ι 5 Opfindelsen angâr en fremgangsmâde og et apparat til klassificering af k0d, særlig til bestemmelse af han-delsklassen for slagtehalvkroppe af svin, hvor skin-kekonturen og den maksimale skinketykkelse aff01es e-lektrooptisk pâ forud fastsatte steder pà en slagte-10 halvkrop til bestemmelse af de paramétré, der har be-tydning for handelsklassen.The invention relates to a method and apparatus for classifying meat, in particular for determining the trade class for pig carcasses, in which the ham contour and maximum hammer thickness are displayed electro-optically at predetermined locations at a carcass half body for determination. of the parameters that have significance for the trading class.
I henhold til en i Tyskland lovmæssig forordning om handelsklasser af 1.2.1972 skal parterede svine-15 kroppe, som erhvervsmæssigt kommer i handelen, klas-sificeres, hvorved der ud fra objektive og subjektive kendetegn foretages en bed0mmelse til inddeling af parterede kroppe i fem klasser, nemlig klasserne E, I, II, III og IV. I den forbindelse betyder: 20 E: Ekstra med fremragende udformning af aile k0d- bærende kropsdele; I: Perfekt k0dfuld med meget god udformning af 25 aile k0dbærende kropsdele; II: K0dfuld med en god udformning af aile k0dbæ- rende kropsdele eller ligesom handelsklasse I, men med en afvigelse i en k0dbærende kropsdel; 30 III: Mindre k0dfuld med en mellemgod udformning af de k0dbærende kropsdele eller ligesom handelsklasse II, men med en afvigelse i en k0d-bærende kropsdel eller ligesom handelsklasse 2Pursuant to a statutory regulation on trading classes in Germany of 1.2.1972, paired pig-15 bodies which are commercially traded must be classified, thereby making an assessment of divided bodies into five classes based on objective and subjective characteristics , namely classes E, I, II, III and IV. In this context: 20 E: Extra with excellent design of all meat-bearing body parts; I: Perfectly meaty with very good design of 25 aile meat-bearing body parts; II: Meat-packed with a good design of all meat-bearing body parts or like commercial class I, but with a deviation in a meat-bearing body part; 30 III: Less meaty with a medium design of the meat-bearing body parts or like commercial class II, but with a deviation in a meat-bearing body part or like trading class 2
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I, men med en afvigelse i to k0dbærende krops-dele, og IV: Aile parterede kroppe, som ikke opfylder nævn- 5 te handelsklassers bestemmelser, samt partere de svinekroppe fra svin, der vantrivedes eller er blevet garnie.I, but with a deviation in two flesh-bearing body parts, and IV: all parted bodies which do not comply with the provisions of the said commercial classes, and partake of the pig carcasses of pigs which have become or have become garnish.
Formâlet med denne fremgangsmâde er at g0re handelen 10 med parterede svinekroppe overskuelig under hensynta-gen til slagteværdien og skabe et objektivt grundlag for betalingen af parterede svinekroppe. Endvidere kan der opnâs en overskuelig notering for parterede svinekroppe, der er inddelt efter slagteværdi og der-15 med er oplysende, og der skabes en gyldig kvalitets-mâlestok for producenten af slagtesvin.The purpose of this approach is to make the trade 10 with pared pig carcasses transparent, taking into account the carcass value and to create an objective basis for the payment of carcassed pig carcasses. Furthermore, a clear listing can be obtained for partitioned pig carcasses, classified according to slaughter value and thereby informative, and a valid quality scale for the slaughter pig producer is created.
De objektive kriterier til bed0mmelse af en parteret svinekrop bestâr i bed0mmelsen af andelen af fedtvæv 20 pâ grundlag af ryggens spæktykkelse under hensyntagen til de parterede svinekroppes vægt, medens de subjek-tive kriterier bestâr i den subjektive bed0mmelse af k0dfylden i de k0dbærende kropsdele, nemlig i skinke, skulder, kotelet med kam samt bug.The objective criteria for assessing a paired pig body consist in the assessment of the proportion of adipose tissue 20 on the basis of the thickness of the spine, taking into account the weight of the paired pig body, while the subjective criteria consist in the subjective assessment of the meat body in the carnivorous body. ham, shoulder, cutlet and comb.
25 I henhold til forordningen om handelsklasser fore-slâs, at der anvendes en mâlelære pâ lænden og der, hvor det sidste ribben befinder sig, for at fastslâ spækkets tykkelse, pâ hvilken mâlelære klassegrænser-30 ne er afmærket.25 According to the Trade Class Regulation, it is proposed to use a gauge on the lumbar and where the last rib is located to determine the thickness of the slit on which the gauge class boundaries 30 are marked.
Medens spækkets tykkelse bâde omkring skinken og om-kring det sidste ribben relativt fejlfrit kan aflæses med dette instrument, g0r den subjektive bed0mmelseWhile the thickness of the crack both around the ham and around the last rib can be read relatively easily with this instrument, the subjective assessment
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3 af den parterede svinekrop, som i henhold til forord-ningen om handelsklasser skal foretages ved siden af den objektive bed0mmelse, hvilken subj ektive bed0m-melse fastlægger typen som udtryk for k0dfylden i de 5 k0dbærende kropsdele, hele klassificeringen tvivlsom, da bed0mmernes subjektive opfattelse kan afvige bety-deligt ait efter omstændighederne. Imod den forenk-ling, der var tilsigtet inden for handelen med parterede svinekroppe, f0rer dette til en uhyre stor for-10 virring hos producenten og aftageren, sâledes at vær-dien af forordningen om handelsklasser er tvivlsom.3 of the mated pig carcass, which according to the trade classes regulation must be made next to the objective assessment, which subjective assessment determines the type of expression of the meat filling in the 5 meat-bearing body parts, the whole classification questionable, since the assessors subjective opinion may differ significantly depending on the circumstances. Contrary to the simplification that was intended in the trade in carcassed pig carcasses, this leads to an enormous deterioration in the manufacturer and the customer, so that the value of the trade class regulation is questionable.
I US patentskrift nr. 3.979.835 og det hertil svaren-de DE offentligg0relsesskrift nr. 2.512.374 beskrives 15 en fremgangsmâde, hvormed det er muligt at foretage en kvalitetssortering af dyrekroppe og k0dstykker. Kvalitetskriterier er heri anf0rt at være tykkelsen af rygspækket, dyrekroppens længde og vægt, og frem-gangsmâden muligg0r, at kvalitetsbestemmelsen kan fo-20 retages pâ et hvilket som helst forarbejdningstids-punkt (se side 4, f0rste afsnit; side 5, tredie af-snit). Til mâlingen anvendes to hândbetjente værkt0-jer, hvori en længdeændring i et udtrækkeligt kabel omsættes til elektriske impulser, som i en datamat 25 omsættes til et digital signal, som er formâlstjen-ligt.U.S. Patent No. 3,979,835 and the corresponding DE Publication No. 2,512,374 discloses a method by which a quality sorting of animal carcasses and cuts of meat is possible. Quality criteria are stated herein to be the thickness of the backpack, length and weight of the animal body, and the method allows the quality determination to be made at any processing time (see page 4, first paragraph; page 5, third paragraph). cut). For the measurement, two hand-operated tools are used, in which a length change in a retractable cable is converted into electrical pulses, which in a computer 25 are converted into a digital signal which is useful.
Medens det ene værkt0js kabel trækkes ud med hânden og lægges mod k0dstykket pâ samme mâde, som man an-30 vender et metermàl for at bestemme dettes længde, st0des i forbindelse med det andet værkt0j en kniv igennem fedtlaget til bindevævet (skillelaget mellem fedt og k0d), og hermed bliver afstanden mellem fedt-overfladen og bindevævet aflæst ved en mâling af ' '........ 4While the one tool cable is pulled out by hand and laid against the piece of meat in the same way that a meter is used to determine its length, a knife is inserted through the other tool through the fat layer to the connective tissue (the separating layer between fat and meat ), and thus the distance between the fat surface and the connective tissue is read by a measurement of '' ........ 4
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længden pâ det udtrukne kabelstykke. Ved udtrækningen henholdsvis sammentrykningen af kablet fremkommer der elektriske analogsignaler, som i en datamat omsættes til digitale signaler og g0res synlige. Udnyttelsen 5 at de opnâede mâleresultater sker sâ ved brug af ta-beller og ud0ves af en operat0r.the length of the pulled cable piece. During the extraction and compression of the cable, respectively, electrical analog signals are generated, which in a computer are converted to digital signals and made visible. The utilization 5 that the obtained measurement results are then made using tables and is performed by an operator.
Den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmâde adskiller sig fra den i handelsklasseforordningen foreskrevne frem-10 gangsmâde ved, at de mekanisk tilvejebragte længde-mâlinger resulterer i elektriske signaler, som g0res synlige i en datamat, medens de ved hjælp af kniven opnàede mâleværdier mâ aflæses direkte af operat0ren og anvendes af denne. Ulempen ved den kendte frem-15 gangsmâde ligger sâledes i, at en subjektiv indfly-delse pâ mâleresultaterne ikke kan udelukkes, og at apparatet ikke selvstændigt og fuldautomatisk mulig-g0r en fastlæggelse af handelsklassen for parterede svinekroppe. Der bliver ved den kendte fremgangsmâde 20 benyttet to hândbetjente og pâ frit valgte steder pâ slagtekroppen anbringelige værkt0jer, sâ en kortere eller længere udtrækning af kablet muligg0r indfly-delse pâ mâleresultatet. Selv om man udelukker en be-vidst foretaget forfalskning af mâleresultaterne og 25 kun tager hensyn til mâlinger i overensstemmelse med en eller anden forskrift, kan der alligevel kun udf0-res ret vage og næppe sammenl igné lige mâlinger, ef-tersom mâlestederne, hvor kabelenderne skal lægges an, er afhængige af operat0rens subjektive bed0mmel-30 se.The method described above differs from the method prescribed in the Trade Class Regulation in that the mechanically provided length measurements result in electrical signals made visible in a computer, while the measured values obtained by the knife must be read directly by the operator and used by this. The disadvantage of the known method lies in the fact that a subjective influence on the measurement results cannot be ruled out and that the apparatus does not independently and fully enable a determination of the trading class for mated pig carcasses. In the known method 20, two hand operated and freely selected tools on the carcass are used, so that a shorter or longer extension of the cable allows influence on the measurement result. Even if a deliberate falsification of the measurement results is excluded and 25 only takes into account measurements in accordance with some regulation, only fairly vague and hardly comparable measurements can be taken, since the measuring points where the cable ends must be applied depend on the subjective judgment of the operator.
En yderligere forskel fremkommer derved, at den fremgangsmâde, der kan ud0ves med det kendte apparat, lægger andre kriterier til grund end dem, der forud- 5A further difference is found in that the method which can be practiced with the known apparatus assumes other criteria than those which precede it.
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sættes ved bestemmelsen af handelsklasserne. Sâledes forekommer der for eksempel i forbindelse med den i det nævnte DE offentligg0relsesskrift nr. 2.512.374 beskrevne fremgangsmâde ingen konturmâling, hvilket 5 i0vrigt heller ikke ville være muligt med det viste apparat, eftersom man ikke med dette apparat kan an» give skinkens krumningsfor10b. Mâlingen foretages heller ikke pâ definerede og konstante steder, sâ mâlingen muligg0r subjektiv pâvirkning ved mâling pâ 10 forskellige k0dstykker. Endelig fremgâr det ikke af skriftet, at der skal fremskaffes et k0d/rygspækfor-hold og pâ hvilken màde, et sâdant forhold kan fremskaffes. Yderligere er det herfra kendte apparat ueg-net til fremskaffelse af k0d/rygspœkforholdet, da der 15 kun foretages en mekanisk længdemâling af spæktykkel-sen. Màleværkt0jets spids skal kun stikkes ind til bindevævet og mâ ikke trænge ind i k0det.is set by the determination of the trading classes. Thus, for example, there is no contour measurement in connection with the method described in the aforementioned DE Publication No. 2,512,374, which would otherwise also not be possible with the apparatus shown, since with this apparatus it is not possible to indicate the curvature of the ham. The measurement is also not done at defined and constant locations, so the measurement allows subjective influence when measuring 10 different pieces of meat. Finally, it does not appear from the document that a meat / backbone relationship must be obtained and in what way such a relationship can be obtained. Further, the apparatus known from here is unsuitable for providing the meat-to-skewer ratio, since only a mechanical length measurement of the specimen thickness is made. The tip of the measuring tool should only be inserted into the connective tissue and must not penetrate the meat.
En yderligere ulempe bestâr i, at den opnâede mâle-20 værdi ikke sammenlignes med en standardværdi i data-maten, men at den af datamaten oplyste mâleværdi mâ . bed0mmes af operat0ren under anvendelse af tabeller.A further disadvantage is that the measured value obtained is not compared with a standard value in the data feed, but that the measured value stated by the computer must. assessed by the operator using tables.
Heller ikke i dette tilfaelde kan en subjektiv ind-virkning pâ mâleresultatet udelukkes.Also, in this case, a subjective impact on the measurement result cannot be ruled out.
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Fra tysk Offentligg0relsesskrift nr. 2.523.956 kendes et apparat, som tjener til mâling af spæktykkelse. I forbindelse med dette apparat anvendes en klinge, som st0des ind i et spæk/k0dlag indtil et anslag, sâledes 30 at et fotooptisk mâlemiddel kommer til at befindè sig i skillezonen mellem k0d- og spæklaget. Da k0det har andre reflektionsegenskaber end fedt, kan det sted, hvor bindevævet befinder sig, konstateres pâ grundlag af de optiske mâleresultater, hvorved man sâ vedFrom German Publication No. 2,523,956 an apparatus is known which serves to measure the thickness of the specter. In connection with this apparatus, a blade which is inserted into a blubber / meat layer is used up to a stop, such that a photooptic detergent will be in the separation zone between the meat and blubber layer. Since the meat has reflection properties other than fat, the place where the connective tissue is located can be determined on the basis of the optical measurement results, thus
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hjælp af dertil svarende beregninger kan finde af-standen mellem dette sted og anslaget. En angivelse af k0d/rygspækforholdet er imidlertid ikke mulig med dette apparat, eftersom det relativt lille mâleomrâde 5 stadig mâ være i umiddelbar nærhed af bindevævet, for at man kan konstatere lagtykkelsen. Yderligere har det i det her nævnte tyske offentligg0relsesskrïft beskrevne apparat den ulempe, at det igen drejer sig om et med hânden pâsat mâleinstrument, som derfor kan 10 pâsættes pâ et 0nsket sted pâ slagtekroppen, og det giver sâledes mulighed for subjektiv indflydelse. En yderligere fejlkilde er det, at anslaget kan trykkes mere eller mindre ind i det bl0de spæklag, sâledes at afstanden mellem bindevævet og spækoverfladen kan mâ-15 les forkert.using corresponding calculations can find the distance between this location and the estimate. However, an indication of the meat / backbone ratio is not possible with this apparatus, since the relatively small measuring area 5 must still be in the immediate vicinity of the connective tissue in order to ascertain the layer thickness. Furthermore, the apparatus described in the above-mentioned German publication has the disadvantage that it is again a hand-mounted measuring instrument, which can therefore be placed in a desired place on the carcass and thus allows for subjective influence. A further source of error is that the abutment can be pressed more or less into the soft blemish layer so that the distance between the connective tissue and the blubber surface can be measured incorrectly.
Den opgave ligger derfor til grund for opfindelsen at finde en fremgangsmâde og et apparat til bestemmelse af handelsklassen for k0d, hvilken fremgangsmâde og 20 apparat skal muligg0re en hurtig og objektiv bed0m-melse af de parterede kroppe fra forskellige krops-bygningstyper og en tilsvarende uforfalskelig indde-ling ien af handelsklasserne. I den forbindelse skal apparatet være lukket i sig selv og sikre en uafhæn-25 gig fuldautomatisk og uforanderlig arbejdsmâde, der ikke kan pâvirkes udefra, hvorhos betj eningen af apparatet ikke skal kræve uddannet personale.It is therefore an object of the invention to find a method and apparatus for determining the class of meat, which method and apparatus is to enable a quick and objective assessment of the partitioned bodies of different body types and a correspondingly unadulterated content. - one of the trading classes. In this connection, the appliance must be closed in its own right and ensure an independent, fully automatic and unchangeable working method which cannot be influenced from the outside, which operation of the appliance should not require trained personnel.
Dette formâl opnâs ved en fremgangsmâde af den oven-30 nævnte art, hvilken fremgangsmâde if01ge opfindelsen er særegen ved, at den parteredë slagtehalvkrop an-bringes og vejes pâ en vægt i et m0rkekammer og pâ de fastsatte mâlesteder belyses med en lyskilde med kon-stant dagslyslignende blandingslys, og at parametrene 7This object is achieved by a method of the aforementioned kind, which method according to the invention is peculiar in that the parterid slaughter half-body is placed and weighed on a weight in a darkroom and at the fixed measuring points is illuminated with a constant light source. daylight-like mixing light and that the parameters 7
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pà skærefladen aftestes ved hjælp af et fint opl0sen-de farve-video-kamera, hvis elektriske udgangssigna-ler vurderes i et tilsluttet mikroprocessorsystem.on the cutting surface is tested by a finely resolved color video camera whose electrical output signals are evaluated in a connected microprocessor system.
5 Ved den opflndelsesmæsslge fremgangsmâde fremskaffes de n0dvendlge paramétré tll bestemmelse af handels-klassen, uden at slagtehalvkroppen bliver ber0rt me-kanisk og/eller ad elektrisk vej, og den efterf01gen-de vurdering af de fremskaffede paramétré udf0res e-10 lektronisk i et mikroprocessorsystem, sâ vurderingen bliver udf0rt efter objektive kriterier.5 In the inventive method, the necessary parameters for determining the class of trade are obtained without touching the carcass mechanically and / or electrically, and the subsequent assessment of the parameters obtained is carried out electronically in a microscope. so the assessment is carried out according to objective criteria.
Anbringelsen af farve-video-kameraet i et m0rkekam-mer, som har i det mindste én lyskilde til belysning 15 af de fastsatte mâlesteder pâ en i kammeret indf0rt slagtehalvkrop, giver mâlinger, som er uafhængige af ydre omgivelser.The placement of the color video camera in a dark chamber having at least one light source for illumination of the determined measuring points on a slaughter half-body introduced into the chamber provides measurements independent of external environment.
Til bestemmelse af handelsklassen fremskaffes mâle-20 teknisk en eller flere af f01gende paramétré: Skinke-konturen i det væsentlige i slagtehalvkroppens læng-deretning fra den bageste bagende over skinkesidefla-den til skillehvirvlen, den maksimale skinketykkelse i det væsentlige i en retning vinkelret pâ konturmâ-25 lingsretningen, spæktykkelsen, forholdet mellem ryg-spæk og rygk0d samt vægten af slagtehalvkroppen.To determine the trade class, measurement or measurement is technically provided by one or more of the following parameters: the ham contour substantially in the longitudinal direction of the carcass half from the posterior rear over the ham side surface to the vertebra, the maximum ham thickness substantially perpendicular to the contour. -25 the direction of lactation, the thickness of the bacon, the relationship between the spinal cord and the spinal cord, as well as the weight of the carcass.
Farve-video-kameraet optegner fortrinsvis sorte (Kam-mervæggen), hvide (Fedt) og r0de (K0d) kontrastkontu-30 rer og omsætter disse i elektriske impulser, som kan vurderes i det tilsluttede mikroprocessorsystem.The color video camera preferably records black (Kam marrow), white (Grease) and red (K0d) contrast contours and converts these into electrical pulses which can be evaluated in the connected microprocessor system.
Til forbedring af vurderingen kan man fordelagtigt forstærke kontrasterne pâ halvkroppen ved kontrast- 8To improve the assessment, the contrasts on the half-body can be advantageously enhanced by contrast 8
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midler og/eller lade disse forstærke i kamera-mikro-processorsystemet. Hertil kan i og for sig kendte forstærker- eller filterkredsl0b anvendes. Ved rene snitflader er kontrastkonturerne adskilt relativt 5 skarpt fra hverandre, fordi der i overgangen mellem et fedtlag og et k0dlag befinder sig et lag af binde-væv, som tydeligt adskiller disse to lag, hvorfor der ved fejlbehæftede mâlinger ikke kan optegnes nogen konturlinie. Fejlmâlinger, som kan opstâ gennem et 10 dârligt snit eller ved tilsmudsning eller lignende forurening, kan derfor straks detekteres og afmærkes af vurderingssystemet.means and / or allow these to amplify in the camera micro-processor system. For this purpose amplifier or filter circuits known per se can be used. For clean cut surfaces, the contrast contours are separated relatively sharply from each other because in the transition between a fat layer and a meat layer there is a layer of connective tissue that clearly separates these two layers and therefore no contour line can be drawn in case of faulty measurements. Therefore, error measurements which may occur through a poor cut or by soiling or similar contamination can be immediately detected and marked by the assessment system.
Et yderligere fordelagtigt træk ved den opfindelses-15 mæssige fremgangsmâde beror pâ, at anbringelsen af klassificeringskendetegnet pâ slagtehalvkroppen efter vurderingen af denne anbringes ber0ringsfrit, for-trinsvist ved hjælp af en laser.A further advantageous feature of the inventive method is that, after assessing it, the affixing of the classification characteristic to the carcass half is preferably applied by a laser.
20 Fordelen herved er, at man udover den ber0ringsfrie anbringelse af klassificeringskendetegnet ogsâ opnâr en forfalskningssikker anbringelse af tegnet og yder-ligere undgâr, at dele af slagtehalvkroppen bliver forsynet med uæstetisk virkende stempelfarver.20 The advantage of this is that, in addition to the contactless application of the classification characteristic, a falsely safe application of the sign is also obtained, and furthermore that parts of the carcass half-body are provided with unaesthetically acting stamp colors.
25 Mâleindretningen, styre- og oplagringsapparatet, skriveapparatet og indretningen til ber0ringsfri anbringelse af klassificeringskendetegnet er fordelag-tigt forbundet i række.The measuring device, the control and storage apparatus, the typewriter and the device for contactless application of the classification characteristic are advantageously connected in series.
3030
Med henblik pâ gennemf0relsen af den beskrevne ber0-ringsfri elektrooptiske fremgangsmâde foreslâs et apparat, som if01ge opfindelsen er særegent ved, at ap-paratet omfatter en màleindretning med en vægt og iFor the purpose of carrying out the described contactless electro-optic method, an apparatus is proposed which according to the invention is peculiar in that the apparatus comprises a measuring device having a weight and
DK 156526EDK 156526E
9 det mindste ét fint opl0sende farve-video-kamera, som er anbragt i et m0rkekammer, der har i det mindste én lyskilde til belysning af de fastsatte mâlesteder pâ en i m0rkekammeret indf0rt slagtehalvkrop fra et 5 svin, en indretning til ber0ringsfri anbringelse af et klassificeringskendetegn pâ slagtehalvkroppen, et styre- og oplagringsapparat, som indeholder elektro-niske kredsl0b for vægten, for farve-video-kameraet, for et til farve-video-kameraet sluttet mikroproces-10 sorsystem, for en styre- og overvâgningsindretning for lyskilden og for indretningen til ber0ringsfri anbringelse af klassificeringskendetegnet samt et skriveapparat.9, at least one finely resolved color video camera mounted in a darkroom having at least one light source for illuminating the measured locations of a slaughter half-body introduced from a pig, a touch-free device the slaughter half body classification characteristics, a control and storage apparatus containing electronic circuits for the weight, for the color video camera, for a microprocessor sensor system connected to the color video camera, for a light source control and monitoring device, and for the device for touch-free affixing of the rating characteristic and a typewriter.
15 Fremgangsmâden og apparatet if0lge opfindelsen for-klares nærmere i den f0lgende beskrivelse af et fo-retrukkent udf0relseseksempel for et apparat til gen-nemf0relse af fremgangsmâden i henhold til opfindelsen under henvisning til tegningen, der viser: 20 fig. 1 et blokdiagram for et elektrooptisk ar-bejdende apparat if01ge opfindelsen, fig. 2 en skematisk perspektivisk fremstilling 25 af en elektrooptisk arbejdende mâleanord- ning samt af et vurderingssystem, og fig. 3 en fra et skriveapparat afgiven mâle- strimmel, hvorpâ konstaterede værdier er 30 angivet.The method and apparatus according to the invention are explained in more detail in the following description of a preferred embodiment of an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention with reference to the drawing which shows: 1 is a block diagram of an electro-optic working apparatus according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view 25 of an electro-optically working measuring device and of an assessment system; and FIG. 3 shows a measuring strip emitted from a typewriter, on which values are stated 30.
Apparatet til brug ved ud0velse af den opfindelses-mæssige fremgangsmâde er fremstillet i fig. 2 pâ en 10The apparatus for use in practicing the inventive method is made in FIG. 2 on and 10
DK 156526 BDK 156526 B
meget skematiseret mâde. De parterede kroppe 19 er ophængt i en rullebane 76 og bevæges ind i et m0rke-kammer 77, som pâ forslden kan afskærmes mod lysets indtrængen pâ en Ikke fremstillet mâde. Nâr den par-5 terede krop 19 befinder sIg næsten midt i m0rkekamme-ret over for et fint opl0sende farve-video-kamera 78, vejes den samtidigt gennem en elektronlsk vægt 79. I m0rkekammeret er der endvldere en belysnings-anordning 80, som belyser mâlestedet, der scannes af 10 video-kameraet 78, med et dagslyslignende blandings-lys. Oven over video-kameraet 78 er der anbragt en anordning 81 til ber0ringsfri anbringelse af klassi-ficeringskendetegnet.very schematic way. The parted bodies 19 are suspended in a runway 76 and moved into a dark chamber 77, which in the front can be shielded from the penetration of light in an unprocessed manner. When the paired body 19 is located almost in the middle of the dark chamber in front of a finely resolving color video camera 78, it is simultaneously weighed through an electronic weight 79. In the darkroom there is furthermore a lighting device 80 which illuminates the target site, scanned by the 10 video camera 78, with a daylight-like mixing light. Above the video camera 78 is a device 81 for touch-free application of the classification feature.
15 Der kan ogsâ være anbragt flere video-kameraer, der pâ forskellige fastsatte steder pâ den parterede krop 19 samtidigt eller efter hinanden foretager mâlinger. Kameraerne kan anbringes bevægelige, sâledes at de for eksempel kan bevæges forbi den parterede krops 19 20 skæreflade.15 Multiple video cameras may also be provided which, at various fixed locations on the mated body 19, simultaneously or continuously measure measurements. The cameras can be arranged to be movable so that, for example, they can be moved past the cutting surface of the pared body 19.
Vurderingen af de fra video-kameraerne afgivne impulser sker med hjælp fra et styre- og oplagringsapparat 82, som foroven har en vægtangivelse 83, pâ midten 84 25 et elektronisk kredsl0b 85 til video-kameraet og 86 til et. mikroprocessorsystem, medens en skriver 87 med betj eningsfelt samt styre- og overvâgningsteknik 88 er anbragt fomeden. I styre- og oplagringsapparatets 0verste del findes endvidere en vægtelektronik 89.The pulses emitted from the video cameras are evaluated with the aid of a control and storage apparatus 82, which has a weight indication 83 at the top, in the middle 84 25 an electronic circuit 85 for the video camera and 86 for one. microprocessor system, while a printer 87 with control field as well as control and monitoring technique 88 is provided. In addition, in the upper part of the control and storage apparatus is a weight electronics 89.
30 Betjeningselementerne er tilkendegivet med tallet 90.30 The controls are indicated by the number 90.
Apparatet fungerer fuldautomatisk og uden indflydelse fra menneskehând. Betjeningen af apparatet kan ved en tilsvarende programudformning af styre- og oplag-The device operates fully automatic and without human hand influence. The operation of the apparatus can, by a corresponding program design of control and storage,
DK 156526 EDK 156526 E
11 ringsapparatet begrænses til start og stop. En ob-jektiv klassificering, hvor de værdier, der angives pâ en mâlestrimmel 65 i henhold til fig. 3, udtryk-kes, garanteres derfor med sikkerhed.The 11 ring device is limited to start and stop. An objective classification in which the values indicated on a measuring strip 65 according to FIG. 3, expressed, is therefore guaranteed with certainty.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2728913 | 1977-06-27 | ||
| DE19772728913 DE2728913C2 (en) | 1977-06-27 | 1977-06-27 | Method and device for classifying meat |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK682788D0 DK682788D0 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| DK682788A DK682788A (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| DK156526B true DK156526B (en) | 1989-09-04 |
Family
ID=6012458
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK280478A DK156018B (en) | 1977-06-27 | 1978-06-22 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF MEAT |
| DK682788A DK156526B (en) | 1977-06-27 | 1988-12-07 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL CONTACT-FREE CLASSIFICATION OF MEAT |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK280478A DK156018B (en) | 1977-06-27 | 1978-06-22 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF MEAT |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT380958B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE868469A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH641642A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2728913C2 (en) |
| DK (2) | DK156018B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2000280B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7806910A (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2946912C2 (en) * | 1979-11-21 | 1982-08-26 | Pfister Gmbh, 8900 Augsburg | Method for classifying an animal carcass, in particular a half of a pig, into commercial classes |
| DE3047490A1 (en) * | 1980-12-17 | 1982-10-21 | Pfister Gmbh, 8900 Augsburg | METHOD FOR THE CONTACT-FREE DETERMINATION OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEST OBJECT OF THE MEAT PRODUCTS CATEGORY |
| FR2545010B1 (en) * | 1983-04-29 | 1985-11-08 | Darlay Electronique | APPARATUS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CARCASES |
| DK159839C (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1991-04-29 | Slagteriernes Forskningsinst | SENSING UNIT FOR AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS |
| FR2608899B1 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1990-02-23 | Simonet Andre | PROCESS FOR QUALIFYING CARCASSES OF BUTCHER ANIMALS, AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION |
| DK676487A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1989-06-23 | Slagteriernes Forskningsinst | PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL CREATURE GENERATOR AND PLANT FOR USE IN DETERMINING THE PROPERTIES |
| DE3916049A1 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1990-11-22 | Csb Syst Software Entwicklung | Device for grading sides of pork - by measuring thickness of fat and lean meat by computer which averages the outputs of various ultrasonic image measurements |
| DE3916306A1 (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-11-22 | Banss Kg Maschf | DEVICE FOR APPLYING CODES TO Slaughter Animals |
| NL194386B (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 2001-11-01 | Stork Pmt | Method for controlling the processing of poultry and device for carrying out this method. |
| WO1991014180A1 (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-19 | Meat Research Corporation | Evaluating carcasses by image analysis and object definition |
| DD292976A5 (en) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-08-14 | Univ Berlin Humboldt | METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SLAUGHTER BODY AGENTS BY IMAGE PROCESSING |
| GB9013983D0 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1990-08-15 | Nat Res Dev | Automatic carcass grading apparatus and method |
| DD298310A5 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-02-13 | Humboldt-Universitaet Zu Berlin Direktorat Fuer Forschung,De | METHOD FOR DETERMINING SLAUGHTER BODILY AGAINST BY IMAGE PROCESSING |
| FR2672775B1 (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1993-05-21 | Normaclass Rd | PROCESS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CARCASES OF LARGE CATTLE, CALVES, PIGS OR SHEEP AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. |
| DK167462B2 (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1999-11-01 | Slagteriernes Forskningsinst | Method and plant for use in treating a meat subject |
| GB9215866D0 (en) * | 1992-07-25 | 1992-09-09 | Aew Int Ltd | Measurement device |
| GB2274712B (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1997-01-15 | Brecknell Willis & Co Ltd | Non-destructive testing of composite conductor rails |
| GB9510171D0 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1995-07-12 | Univ Bristol | A method of and apparatus for locating a spine in a half-carcass |
| DE29601025U1 (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1996-03-14 | CSB-System Software-Entwicklung & Unternehmensberatung AG, 52511 Geilenkirchen | Arrangement of non-invasive measurement data acquisition and evaluation devices for animal body assessment for integration into EDP systems |
| DE19733216C1 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1998-12-17 | Csb Syst Software Entwicklung | Automatic meat image processing system |
| DE19847232C2 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2000-07-13 | Csb Syst Software Entwicklung | Method for evaluating halves of slaughter by optical image processing |
| DE10110360B4 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-11-18 | Horst Eger | Process for controlling processing in a slaughter and processing line |
| US7860277B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 | 2010-12-28 | Bizerba Gmbh & Co. Kg | Food product checking system and method for identifying and grading food products |
| CN104381145B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 北京志恒达科技有限公司 | Laser burning method and device applying laser burning method |
| CN106643862B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2022-10-11 | 湖南先步信息股份有限公司 | Cam drive lift detecting system |
| CN109601586A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-12 | 捷奥科技股份有限公司 | Pork laser marking device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB128537A (en) * | 1918-06-17 | 1919-09-18 | Aviation Louis Breguet Sa | Improvements in Aeroplanes. |
| GB323487A (en) * | 1928-10-01 | 1930-01-01 | Swift & Co | Improved means and method of marking meat products |
| GB1025485A (en) * | 1963-02-12 | 1966-04-14 | Potlatch Forests Inc | Apparatus for determining the stiffness of lumber |
| SE302900B (en) * | 1966-05-13 | 1968-08-05 | Slagteriernes Faellesindkoebsf | |
| NL137286C (en) * | 1966-08-23 | |||
| CH528073A (en) * | 1969-11-11 | 1972-09-15 | Hesser Ag Maschf | Price calculation scales |
| DK138407B (en) * | 1970-02-20 | 1978-08-28 | Slagteriernes Forskningsinst | Method for determining the thickness of lard and meat layers in slaughtered animal carcasses and measuring apparatus for carrying out the method. |
| US3779159A (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-12-18 | Fmc Corp | Egg marking apparatus |
| US3735247A (en) * | 1971-10-04 | 1973-05-22 | Emme Comp | Method and apparatus for measuring fat content in animal tissue either in vivo or in slaughtered and prepared form |
| GB1445685A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1976-08-11 | Plessey Co Ltd | Optical inspection arrangements |
| GB1463804A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1977-02-09 | Jackny Measuring Methods Ltd N | Measurement of a person and articles produced from such measurements |
| CA1058859A (en) * | 1974-03-27 | 1979-07-24 | Charles H. Wallace | Method and apparatus for measuring carcasses |
| CH572309A5 (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1976-02-13 | Hofstetter Karl | |
| US3877531A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1975-04-15 | Pitney Bowes Inc | Automatic continuous mail handling system |
| US3979835A (en) * | 1975-02-21 | 1976-09-14 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Method and apparatus for measuring carcasses |
-
1977
- 1977-06-27 DE DE19772728913 patent/DE2728913C2/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-06-22 DK DK280478A patent/DK156018B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-06-22 CH CH680978A patent/CH641642A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-26 GB GB7827930A patent/GB2000280B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-27 BE BE2057102A patent/BE868469A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-27 AT AT465778A patent/AT380958B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-27 NL NL7806910A patent/NL7806910A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1988
- 1988-12-07 DK DK682788A patent/DK156526B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK156018B (en) | 1989-06-12 |
| GB2000280A (en) | 1979-01-04 |
| DE2728913A1 (en) | 1979-01-18 |
| ATA465778A (en) | 1985-12-15 |
| DK682788D0 (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| AT380958B (en) | 1986-08-11 |
| DK682788A (en) | 1988-12-07 |
| BE868469A (en) | 1978-10-16 |
| DE2728913C2 (en) | 1987-03-19 |
| GB2000280B (en) | 1982-05-26 |
| NL7806910A (en) | 1978-12-29 |
| CH641642A5 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| DK280478A (en) | 1978-12-28 |
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| PHB | Application deemed withdrawn due to non-payment or other reasons |