DE19635916A1 - Milling head, drilling device and device and method for drilling the seabed - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a milling head for earth bores, egg ne drilling device for ground exploration, as well as a marine Soil drilling device and method for seabed drilling Ren, which are used in soil exploration to Bo samples from a defined depth below the drilling collect surface.

Trench wall cutters are known for earth drilling, which have two offset cutting wheel pairs parallel to the axis, which rotate in opposite directions on horizontal axes, so that the loosened soil in the space between the at the wheels are conveyed where there is a suction device tion is transported upwards. These trench cutters have a large-volume frame structure and are very heavy. The drilling cross section is rectangular. To support the The borehole must have a supporting liquid, for example that which is known as bentonite, in the Bohr be filled in.

Such trench cutters are not suitable for exploring the ground very suitable as the support fluid to the bottom of the drill is present and there with the drilled soil mixed. A neat analysis of the composition of the Drilled soil is no longer possible. In addition the drill cross sections are unnecessarily large and the rectangular ones Drill cross-sectional shape has only moderate inherent stability of depth.  

Trench wall cutters of this type are also used by one Supply vessel for ground exploration under the sea mirror used. However, the maximum achievable Limited drilling depth. Seabed explorations such as wise the diamond prospecting or searching for other sel materials are therefore often used with scrapers carried out. However, this procedure is very imprecise and not particularly powerful.

It is also known to cased the seabed To explore snails. With this procedure you can reach greater drilling depths, on the other hand allows egg ne auger basically only one drilling in relative soft ground.

The invention has for its object a Milling head, a drilling device and a seabed drilling create device, as well as a method for marine Soil drilling indicate which is a powerful soil exploration down to great drilling depths and even when hard Enable basic material.

The task is characterized by the characteristics of the Part of claim 1 with respect to the milling head Claim 7 with respect to the drilling device, the Proverb 11 regarding the seabed drilling device and claim 16 with respect to the method for Seabed drilling solved. Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

By using a milling head with at least two opposing rotating coaxial milling wheels, the diameter of which is to form an approximately round cross-section after a Rejuvenate side, provides you get one in particular whose conditions are very well adapted to soil exploration Drilling tool.  

The drilling device according to the invention provides a drilling sample, which is the depth and the amount of each material work accurately reproduces. Through an approximately round drilling cross Very stable conditions in the borehole are cut aims. The borehole wall area is in relation to the drilling hole volume minimal. Accordingly, the inventor high performance, d. H. high productivity of conveyed milled material enough.

Although the drilling device can also be used on land it is particularly suitable for use as a seabed Suitable drilling device.

A very good drilling result is achieved when the milling head is designed as a full cut milling head.

The milling head is advantageously umlau in opposite directions fenden frustum-shaped cutting wheels formed. Through the A circular drilling cross-section can very well be used can be achieved. At the same time, the drill head has a very high drilling performance.

It is useful that four cutting wheels in pairs on gear plate are stored and hydraulic drive motors are arranged above the transmission shields.

Good conveying performance is also achieved by scraper plates on Milling head achieved through which the milled material from milling teeth on defined maximum grain size is crushable.

The comminuted milling material is suitably separated by a Suction box can be extracted via a suction line.

A drilling device according to the invention has a Milling head a tube with a roughly the same cross section corresponding cross section.  

This ensures that the entire depth is secured. The Depth can not collapse or by slipping Ma material are filled in again, so that a precisely specified floor area with a defined volume can. The evaluation of such a test hole is there especially reliable. It is also this way easily possible to generate the milling feed.

Particularly good results are achieved when an inventor the appropriate milling head is used and if one is on work surface supporting the drilling surface, which the Pipe recorded with a follow-up system and in pipe longitudinal direction tion shifts, is used. In particular, the Ar side table with the follow-up system a feed force on the Milling head. This arrangement makes it easy to put on Bringing and safe stabilization of the drilling device possible. Furthermore, when pulling out the drill head and the pipe the forces that occur directly on the Redirected floor surface without further components of the front direction.

To achieve efficient operation, Removal and supply of the milling head each a massive suction line device and hydraulic line firmly in the pipe and the Milling head flushing water fed through the pipe. With this advantageous embodiment of the surrounding the drill head Area is a quick and reliable drainage of the Milled material guaranteed. Furthermore, he is sustainable easier milling conditions due to the good drainage of given dissolved soil. Training as a massive pipe, for example made of steel or plastic, protects against Damage from contact with sharp-edged ones Projections of the drilled bottom.

Because the area of interest is common when exploring the ground is not directly below the surface is an advantage  there simplification of the drilling operation given that a bypass valve is provided at the upper end of the tube, through which unneeded milled material from the suction tion can be pumped out. This saves you the Effort for pumping the milling material not required by the entire suction line to the supply ship.

An advantageous use of the seabed drilling device is by mounting on a ship with an over egg ner amidships arranged opening arranged work tower guaranteed. The condensable part of the ocean floor drilling device, which mainly consists of the milling head, the worktable and the pipe is through that Opening retractable and extendable. In the work tower it can hoisted pipe securely fixed in a vertical orientation be done.

Good drilling operations are achieved by going through from the ship the upper opening of the pipe to the milling head for the operation of the seabed drilling device Deflection devices are guided at the work table. Thereby it is possible to use these lines relatively strongly at minimal Tension length as well as hustle and bustle in the ocean current avoid without an undesirable through these lines Force is exerted on the drill head and the pipe becomes. The lines only practice on the work table ne force upwards, which is due to its high weight, however, generally no impairment experienced its orientation.

Furthermore, advantageous operation is made possible by a rope run over rollers, which the ship, the Ar beitsturm, a slidable enclosing the pipe Connecting the guide part and the work table, for lowering and pulling up the lowerable part the seabed drilling device is provided. Thereby  quick and precise work is guaranteed.

The vertical alignment can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner tion of the pipe are taken over by the guide part, if the rope is steadily ge with a relatively high tension will hold. As already described above, the Ar side table due to its high weight relatively high exposed to upward forces without being in its alignment to be affected.

The task is procedurally carried out by the following steps solved:

• - the lowerable part of the seabed drilling rig, which mainly comes from the milling head, the worktable and the pipe is through the opening on the rope from the ship's winch to the sea floor lowered, with the work table at the lower En de the pipe is located;
• - the milling head starts drilling into the seabed ren, the follow-up system according to its propulsion pushes the pipe down;
• - The milled material is raised to the ship via a suction line promoted;
• - After the drilling process, the follow-up system pulls the pipe up from the borehole;
• - The lowerable part of the seabed drilling device is like the rope from the ship's side winch who pulled up on the ship;

This enables seabed exploration, which large and easy seabed samplesvo lumina can promote. The process is relatively large Drilling depths possible, especially since the depth through the  Pipe is secured and secure alignment through the heavy work resting on the seabed table is given.

Optionally, unneeded material can be cut via the bypass valve removed from the suction line at the top of the pipe without being pumped up to the supply ship have to.

The drill head is secured by the pipe throughout the operation with large amounts of trailing sea water as rinsing water supplied for milling operations.

In the following the invention is exemplified with reference to Figures explained further. They show schematically:

Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a drill head according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a side longitudinal view of a drill head according to the invention along the line aa from FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side view of a supply ship with attached work tower and pulled up nem releasable part of the seabed drilling device according to the invention and additionally also the side view with cross-sectioned seabed of the releasable part of the seabed drilling device according to the invention in drilling operation;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the lowerable part of a seabed drilling device according to the invention;

Figure 5 is a plan view of the releasable portion of the seabed drilling device of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of part of the inventive seabed drilling device with the representation of the course of a rope.

Fig. 1 shows a milling head 1 with an approximately round drilling cross section. The milling head 1 is made of four pairs against sensibly rotating frusto-conical milling wheels 2 , which are mounted in pairs on two gear shields 6 . The radii of the truncated cones are small ner starting from the axial center of the milling head 1 in the axial direction. The axially outer milling wheels 2 have a smaller diameter than the inner milling wheels 2 . They are composed of an axially inner, larger stump of a cone, which is flatter than the cone from which the stumps of the inner cutting wheels 2 are derived, and an axially outer, smaller stump of an even fla chere cone, the small axial end of which forms Area is significantly smaller than the largest diameter of the milling head 1 .

The drive motors (not shown) are located above half of the cutting wheels 2 . The gear shields 6 are attached to a frame 7 which is attached to the end of a tube 12 ( Fig. 3). The milling wheels 2 run in pairs against sensible, since two milling wheels 2 are driven by a gear, as shown in EP 0 167 090. A torque that arises about the drilling axis is compensated for by the firm locking of the tube 12 in the circumferential direction in the depth. On the circumference of the cutting wheels 2 are in the circumferential direction evenly spaced milling teeth 5 which enlarge the effective range of the milling head 1 to the dashed line in Fig. 1 Limitation 8 .

For example, a milling tooth 5 is shown in FIGS . 1 and 2. Fig. 2 also shows a scraper plate 4 , which crushes the milled material to a defined maximum grain size. The milled material is sucked through a suction box 3 and ei ne suction line 28 .

As shown in FIG. 3, a ship 11 is provided as an operational control device which carries an Ar working tower 16 amidships, which is arranged above an opening 18 in the ship's bottom. Through this opening 18 , the lowerable part of the seabed drilling device, which mainly consists of the milling head 1 (not shown), the tube 12 and a work table 13 , can be lowered on a rope 26 . Fig. 3 shows this part in the rest position and in the working position, namely both in the raised position, the tube 12 being fixed in the vertical direction in the work tower 16 , and in the lowered position, the tube 12 by a Nachfaßsy stem 14 relative to the work table 13 is pushed down to the maximum drilling depth.

The Nachfaßsystem 14 consists of hydraulically driven and adjustable in the radial direction and in the axial direction of the tube 12 brackets. These attack the circumference of the tube 12 and move it in the axial direction. The brackets are pressed with the hydraulic drive in the radial direction ge conditions the tube 12 , so that they rest against the start of the tube 12 . The brackets are distributed approximately evenly over the circumference of the tube, so that no resulting torque acts on the tube 12 in the radial direction. To move the tube 12 , the brackets are hydraulically driven in the axial direction of the tube 12 be moved, taking the tube 12 and move it relative to the work table 13 . If the tube 12 is to be displaced further relative to the work table 13 than the maximum stroke of the clamps in the axial direction, the clamps are released from the tube 12 when the maximum stroke is reached in the axial direction, are then moved back in the opposite direction and then take the tube 12 again a movement in the radial direction. Then the brackets take the tube 12 again in the desired direction of movement.

The tube 12 has a diameter corresponding to the drilling diameter of the milling head 1 . During drilling operation, the force transmitted from the work table 13 to the pipe 12 via the follow-up system serves in the axial direction of the pipe 12 as a feed force for the milling head 1 . In particular when drilling the sea floor, the pipe 12 leads to improved drilling conditions, since the depth is always exposed to the risk of being buried due to the highly flowable components of the sea floor. Since the tube 12 has no projections and is relatively smooth-walled, its introduction into the depths is possible with relatively little effort. The milling head 1 is held in a straight drilling direction by the tube 12 . This makes it possible to drill test holes in precisely defined areas. The milling head 1 and the tube 12 are firmly connected to each other. The tube 12 thus also fulfills a supporting function for the milling head 1 . The pipe cross section is adapted to the approximately circular drilling cross section of the milling head 1 . Due to this cross-sectional shape, the stability of the tube 12 against being pressed in or bent is very high.

At the upper end of the tube 12 is a bypass valve 15 through which unneeded milled material can be pumped out of the suction line 28 . With this bypass valve 15 , it is possible, for example, to remove the milled material that was drilled out on the first section of the bore and only to convey the milled material that comes from a larger drilling depth to the ship 11 . After the drilling process, the tube 12 with the milling head 1 is pulled up again by the follow-up system 14 relative to the work table 13 . Typical retraction forces are on the order of 500 to 1000 tons. However, these are not introduced into the rope 26 between the ship 11 and the work table 13 . Only after the tube 12 has been completely pulled up relative to the work table 13 , the rope 26 is rolled up by a ship-side recovery thread 25 (see FIG. 6).

FIGS. 4 and 5 show, the tube 12, at its lower end, the cutter head 1 is located (not shown). The tube 12 is connected to the work table 13 via the follow-up system 14 . The pipe diameter is typically around 2 meters, the maximum pipe length is around 30 meters. The weight of the work table 13 is 120 tons. However, larger dimensions can also be implemented. The work table 13 and the tube 12 are connected to each other via a gimbal 27 in order to be able to carry out a vertical bore even with an inclined sea floor. A hydraulic line 20 and the suction line 28 run from the milling head 1 upwards inside the tube 12 , at the upper end of the tube 12 out of it, then parallel to the tube 12 downward to deflection devices, which are attached to the work table 13 deflection rollers 17th exist, and then further up to ship 11 . The tube 12 also forms a rinse water line for the rinse water supply of the Fräskop fes 1st Within the tube 12 and on the semicircular deflection parts at the upper end of the tube, the hydraulic line 20 and the suction line 28 are designed as metal tubes, since they do not have to be twistable there.

Within the upper part of the tube 12 there is also a height adjustment 30 for a guide part 24 which surrounds the tube 12 .

As shown in Fig. 6, the rope 26 runs from the ship's side recovery thread 25 via a role on a schiffsseiti gene tower top part 23 through an opening of the guide part 24 to two roles on the work table 13 , then again through the guide part 24 to the ship's side tower top part 23 , then again to the work table 13 and finally back to the ship-side Ar beitsturmoberteil 23 , on which the rope end is fixed. When drilling on the sea floor, the distance between the ship-side upper part of the tower 23 and the guide part 24 is greatly increased compared to the situation shown in Fig. 6 tion. For example, the device works at a water depth of up to about 200 to 300 meters. This distance then corresponds approximately to the distance between the upper part 23 of the work tower and the guide part 24 .

The height of the guide part 24 can be adjusted relative to the tube 12 by means of the height adjustment 30 . The height adjustment 30 serves to lower the guide part 24 when the tube 12 is fully raised in the work tower 16 . The tube 12 projects in a completely hochgefah renem state, the height of the work tower 16 and thus also the height of the ship-side work tower upper part 23 , so that the guide member 24 can no longer be located at the upper end of the tube 12 . When the tube 12 is lowered, the guide part 24 is generally as far up as possible on the tube 12 in order to achieve good vertical guidance for the tube 12 with the relatively high tension cable 26 . The height adjustment 30 consists of two diametrically opposed deflection rollers 31 on the upper edge of the tube 12 . Within the tube 12 near the upper edge under the two pulleys driven Win 32 (only one winch 32 is shown) are arranged. From each of these, a rope goes down over the deflection roller 31 on the outside of the tube 12 to a respective fastening point on the guide part 24 that is closest to the tube 12 . The guide member 24 is moved relative to the tube 12 by the winding and unwinding of the ropes of the height adjustment 30 in the axial direction.

The function of the seabed drilling device is described below using an example. The ship 11 travels over a point on the sea floor which is to be explored. During the journey, the seabed Bohrvor direction is pulled up and is in the work tower 16th When the ship 11 is stationary and aligned, the lowerable part of the seabed drilling device is lowered into the water through the opening 18 from the work tower 16 to the seabed. The work table 13 is located at the lower end of the tube 12 during this process. It arrives first on the sea floor and, due to its high weight, assumes a stable orientation.

The rope 26 , the hydraulic line 20 and the suction line 28 are now stretched between the ship 11 and the lowerable part. The rope 26 runs on the tube 12 through the guide member 24 which, after the tube 12 had left the working tower 16 , was moved to the upper end of the tube 12 . A vertical alignment of the tube 12 by the guide part 24 is thereby ensured by the relatively strongly tensioned cable 26 . The cable 26 can be stretched relatively strongly without the heavy work table 13 lifting off. In the case of an uneven sea floor, a vertical alignment of the tube 12 can be maintained despite the obliquely lying work table 13 , since these two parts are connected to the gimbal suspension 27 .

The actual drilling operation is then started by setting the milling wheels 2 in rotary motion. The milling wheels 2 rotate in pairs against each other. The milled material is gripped by the milling teeth 5 and crushed by the scraper plates 4 . The crushed milled material is sucked abge through the suction box 3 and through the suction line 28 and transported up to the ship 11 . There it is collected and analyzed.

The drilling feed of the milling head 1 is accomplished by the Nachfaßsy stem 14 on the work table 13 , which moves the tube 12 of the drilling rate accordingly down. During the drilling process, 20 drive energy is transferred to the milling head 1 via the hydraulic line and seawater is fed through the tube 12 for rinsing. Optionally, part of the milled material can be removed from the suction line 28 through the bypass valve 15 at the upper end of the tube 12 without having to be conveyed up to the ship 11 . The maximum drilling depth is determined by the length of the tube 12 . If the tube 12 is grasped by the follow-up system 14 at its upper end, the maximum drilling depth is reached and the tube 12 is pushed back up by the follow-up system 14 . Thereafter, the lowerable part of the seabed drilling device is pulled up again by the rope 26 onto the ship 11 in the work tower 16 . The drilling process has ended and the ship 11 can leave the drilling site again.

Claims (18)

1. Milling head characterized by at least two counter-rotating coaxial milling wheels, the diameter of which tapers towards one side to form an approximately round drilling cross section. 2. Milling head according to claim 1 characterized, that it is designed as a full cut milling head. 3. Milling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed from counter-rotating frustoconical milling wheels ( 2 ). 4. milling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that four cutting wheels (2) are pairwise mounted on gear plates (6) and the drive motors above the Ge gear shields (6) are arranged. 5. Milling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by scraper plates ( 4 ) on the milling head ( 1 ), through which the material to be milled can be reduced to a defined maximum grain size in cooperation with milling teeth ( 5 ) on the milling wheels ( 2 ). 6. Milling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a suction box ( 3 ) through which shredded milled material can be sucked off via a suction line ( 28 ). 7. Drilling device with a milling head characterized by a pipe ( 12 ) arranged above the milling head ( 1 ) with a cross section corresponding approximately to the drilling cross section, which secures the entire depth and via which the feed for the milling head ( 1 ) is generated. 8. Drilling device according to claim 7, characterized by a milling head ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6 and a work table ( 13 ) which is supported on the drilling surface and which detects the tube ( 12 ) with a follow-up system ( 14 ) and is displaceably mounted in the drilling direction . 9. Drilling device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that through the tube ( 12 ), a suction line ( 28 ) and hyd lik likleitung ( 20 ) which supply the milling head ( 1 ) with Antriebssener gie, or suck the milled material, run , and that the milling head ( 1 ) through the pipe ( 12 ) can be supplied with rinsing water. 10. Drilling device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized by a bypass valve ( 15 ) at the upper end of the tube ( 12 ) through which unneeded milled material can be pumped out of the suction line ( 28 ). 11. Drilling device according to claim 10, marked by use for seabed drilling. 12. seabed drilling device according to claim 11, characterized by mounting on a ship ( 11 ) with an arranged above an amidships opening ( 18 ) Ar working tower ( 16 ), wherein the lowerable part of the seabed drilling device through the opening ( 18th ) is bar. 13. seabed drilling device according to claim 12, characterized in that from the ship ( 11 ) through the upper opening of the tube ( 12 ) to the milling head ( 1 ) extending lines ( 20 , 28 ) for the operation of the seabed drilling device on the work table ( 13 ) attached Umlenkeinrichtun conditions ( 17 ) are performed. 14. seabed drilling device according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized by a rope ( 26 ) guided over rollers, which the ship ( 11 ), the work tower ( 16 ), a tube ( 12 ) enclosing sliding guide part ( 24 ) and the Ar work table ( 13 ) connects to each other. 15. Seabed drilling device according to claim 14, characterized in that the rope ( 26 ) is kept under tension to guide the tube ( 1 ) with the guide part ( 24 ). 16. A method for drilling the seabed with a seabed drilling device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized by the following steps:

• - The lowerable part of the seabed Bohrvorrich device which mainly consists of the milling head ( 1 ), the work table ( 13 ) and the tube ( 12 ) is through the opening ( 18 ) on the rope ( 26 ) from the ship's side winch ( 25th ) lowered onto the sea floor, the work table ( 13 ) being at the lower end of the tube ( 12 );
• - The milling head ( 1 ) begins to boh ren in the seabed, the follow-up system ( 14 ) according to its propulsion pushes the tube ( 12 ) downwards;
• - The milled material is transported up to the ship ( 11 ) via a suction line ( 28 );
• - After completion of the drilling process, the follow-up system ( 14 ) pulls the pipe ( 12 ) up out of the borehole;
• - The lowerable part of the seabed drilling device is hoisted over the rope ( 26 ) from the ship-side mountains winch ( 25 ) back onto the ship ( 11 ).

17. A method for drilling the seabed according to claim 16, characterized in that unneeded milled material is removed via a bypass valve ( 15 ) at the upper end of the tube ( 12 ) from the suction line ( 28 ) without having to be pumped up to the ship ( 11 ). 18. A method for drilling the seabed according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the milling head ( 1 ) during the drilling through the pipe ( 12 ) trailing sea water is supplied as rinsing water.