DE102019134212A1 - Vehicle with energy storage module - Google Patents

Abstract

A vehicle (1) has an energy storage module (2) with at least one storage cell (4) and a positive connection (5) and negative connection (6), at least one consumer (3) that can be supplied by means of the energy storage module, one between the at least one storage cell and The at least one consumer arranged switching arrangement with several switches in the form of power semiconductor switches (11; 11a, 11b, 17) and relays (7, 10) as well as a control device (8) for switching the switches on, the switching arrangement being a parallel connection of a first relay ( 10) with at least one first power semiconductor switch, which is interposed with a positive conduction path (L +) connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage module; a second relay (7) for selectively connecting and disconnecting the at least one storage cell with or from a negative conduction path (L-) of the switching arrangement connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage module; and a discharge circuit (16) with a series circuit with a second power semiconductor switch (17) and a discharge resistor (18), which is connected to the positive and the negative conduction path.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle having an energy storage module with at least one storage cell and a positive terminal and negative terminal connected to the at least one storage cell, at least one consumer that can be supplied by means of the energy storage module, a switching arrangement with a plurality of components arranged between the at least one storage cell and the at least one consumer Switches and a control device for switching the power semiconductor switches and relays. The invention is particularly advantageously applicable to partially electrically powered vehicles (“hybrid vehicles”) and fully electrically powered vehicles (“electric vehicles”).

So far, a contactor in a positive conduction path and a contactor in a negative conduction path between an energy store and a load or consumer of a vehicle have been used in order to enable quick and galvanic separation of the energy store from the load or consumer. A third contactor is used when connecting the energy storage device to the rest of the vehicle for pre-charging including a series resistor to reduce an inrush current. In addition, it is known to use two pyrotechnic circuit breakers (“pyro fuse”) in order to separate energy storage devices and to enable an intermediate circuit capacitance to be discharged quickly.

However, it is disadvantageous that contactors are large, expensive, heavy, mechanically susceptible, not shock-resistant and for use as circuit breakers (according to DIN) are only suitable to a limited extent under all short-circuit and overload scenarios for safe and fast disconnection of the energy storage device. As a pre-charging contactor, the contactor can only be used in two stages (and then not completely bruise-free). Pyro fuses are also comparatively expensive.

It is the object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide a possibility for galvanic separation and connection of an energy store from loads or consumers of a vehicle, which is particularly quick-reacting, compact, light, inexpensive, switching without debouncing and can be made insensitive to mechanical shock.

This object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.

• - ein Energiespeichermodul mit mindestens einer Speicherzelle sowie einem mit der mindestens einen Speicherzelle verbundenen positiven Anschluss und negativen Anschluss,
• - mindestens einen mittels des Energiespeichermoduls versorgbaren Verbraucher,
• - eine zwischen der mindestens einen Speicherzelle und dem mindestens einen Verbraucher angeordnete Schaltanordnung mit mehreren Schaltern in Form von Leistungshalbleiterschaltern und Relais sowie
• - eine Steuereinrichtung zum Schalten der Leistungshalbleiterschalter und Relais, wobei die Schaltanordnung
• - eine Parallelschaltung eines ersten Relais mit mindestens einem ersten Leistungshalbleiterschalter, die einem an den positiven Anschluss des Energiespeichermoduls angeschlossenen positiven Leitungspfad zwischengeschaltet ist,
• - und ein zweites Relais zum wahlweisen Verbinden und Trennen der mindestens einen Speicherzelle mit bzw. von einem an den negativen Anschluss des Energiespeichermoduls angeschlossenen negativen Leitungspfad der Schaltanordnung aufweist.

The object is achieved by having a vehicle

• - An energy storage module with at least one storage cell and a positive terminal and negative terminal connected to the at least one storage cell,
• - At least one consumer that can be supplied by means of the energy storage module,
• - A switching arrangement arranged between the at least one storage cell and the at least one consumer, having a plurality of switches in the form of power semiconductor switches and relays as well
• - A control device for switching the power semiconductor switches and relays, wherein the switching arrangement
• - A parallel connection of a first relay with at least one first power semiconductor switch, which is interposed with a positive conduction path connected to the positive connection of the energy storage module,
• and a second relay for selectively connecting and disconnecting the at least one storage cell to or from a negative conduction path of the switching arrangement connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage module.

This vehicle has the advantage that contactors and pyro fuses can be dispensed with to disconnect and connect the energy store from or to a load or consumer of the vehicle and instead use at least one power semiconductor switch and at least one simple relay switch (in the following only as " Relay “designated) can be used in combination. This enables a galvanic connection to be implemented with particularly inexpensive components. In addition, simple relays and power semiconductor switches are more compact, robust and lighter than contactors. In addition, the connection and / or disconnection can be implemented particularly quickly by means of the power semiconductor switch.

The parallel connection of the first relay with the at least one first power semiconductor switch enables a particularly fast connection when the energy store is connected to the rest of the vehicle (also referred to as "switching on the energy store") by closing the at least one first power semiconductor switch and then subsequently closing practically load-free of the parallel relay with the establishment of a galvanic connection. In this way, the positive line is closed particularly quickly without the first relay being heavily loaded. When the energy store is disconnected from the rest Vehicle (which can also be referred to as “switching off the energy store”), the at least one first power semiconductor switch enables the parallel relay to be opened with practically no load within a very short switching sequence.

The second relay is present on the negative conduction path and can therefore be switched practically power-free even without at least one power semiconductor switch parallel to it, in particular if, as is typically provided, the negative connection or negative pole of the energy storage device to the ground of the vehicle (e.g. its body) connected is.

It is a further development that the vehicle is a partially electrically powered hybrid vehicle or a fully electrically powered electric vehicle, e.g. a truck, a passenger vehicle, a motorcycle, a bus, etc.

It is a development that the at least one (energy) storage cell is at least one battery cell. The energy storage module is then a battery module. The energy storage module provides a direct voltage. The positive connection can also be referred to as the positive pole, the negative connection also as the negative pole.

It is a particularly advantageous development for electric vehicles that the energy storage module provides a high-voltage (HV) DC voltage, for example between 60 V and 1.5 kV, for example 400 V or 800 V. This high-voltage DC voltage can in particular be downstream of the switching arrangement can be down-converted into a low-voltage (NV) DC voltage, for example into a corresponding LV on-board voltage.

It is a further development that the at least one consumer that can be supplied by means of the energy storage module comprises, for example, a power steering, a power brake system, etc. The DC voltage step-down converter for down-converting an HV battery voltage into a LV on-board electrical system voltage can also be regarded as such a consumer.

It is a development that the plurality of switches in the form of power semiconductor switches and relays comprise at least the at least one power semiconductor switch, the first relay and the second relay. The switching arrangement can, however, also have further power semiconductor switches and / or relays.

The power semiconductor switches and relays can be switched to be electrically conductive or electrically blocking. An electrically conductive switch can also be referred to as a switched on or closed switch. An electrically blocking switch can also be referred to as a switched off or an open switch.

The switching arrangement can also be referred to as a switching matrix or switching network.

It is a further development that a power semiconductor switch is designed for controlling and switching electrical currents, in particular of more than 1 ampere and voltages of more than approximately 24 volts. The power semiconductor switch can e.g. be a bipolar power transistor, MOSFET, IGBT, thyristor, triac, etc.

It is a development that the at least one power semiconductor switch is a normally blocking switch.

The relays of the switching arrangement are not contactors, which in the following can also be referred to as “simple relays” or “non-contactor” relays. A simple relay can differ from a contactor, for example, in that it does not have any spark extinguishing chambers, its switching contacts are simply interrupting and / or use hinged armatures. It is a further development that the simple relay has a changeover contact (changeover switch).

It is a development that the second relay is interposed between the at least one storage cell and the negative connection or minus pole of the energy storage module. It then represents a component of the energy storage module. Alternatively, the second relay can be interposed in the negative line path of the switching arrangement, in particular directly behind the negative connection. It then does not represent a component of the energy storage module, but is connected to its negative connection.

In one embodiment, the switching arrangement has a discharge circuit with a series circuit with a second power semiconductor switch and an ohmic resistor (“discharge resistor”), which is connected on the one hand to the positive conduction path and on the other hand to the negative conduction path. In other words, the discharge circuit is connected between the positive conduction path and the negative conduction path or establishes a cross connection between the two conduction paths. The discharge circuit has the advantage that by means of it, by closing the second power semiconductor switch, existing capacitances in the switching arrangement can be discharged quickly, in particular through a short circuit. The discharge resistor is used to limit the discharge current and / or to convert it into heat. The discharge resistor can therefore also can be viewed or referred to as a braking resistor, the second power semiconductor switch as a braking chopper. It has a high resistance value. This series connection of power semiconductor switch and ohmic resistor can in particular be used instead of a pyro fuse and has the advantage that it switches faster and can also be implemented more cheaply than a pyro fuse.

It is an embodiment that the at least one first power semiconductor switch comprises two power semiconductor switches connected in series with different or opposite forward directions, each of which is connected in antiparallel with a diode. In this way, the advantage can be achieved that the positive line can be set to conduct current by switching on at least one of the two first power semiconductor switches and also by switching the two first power semiconductor switches to conductive. Diodes and (“unidirectional”) power semiconductor switches that pass in only one current direction are advantageously particularly inexpensive, light, robust, etc. The diodes are in particular power diodes. The diodes can also serve as freewheeling diodes.

It is an embodiment that the at least one first power semiconductor switch comprises exactly one first power semiconductor switch, which is connected to center taps of a Graetz circuit connected into the positive conduction path. This has the advantage that current in the positive line can be conducted in both current directions by switching precisely one first power semiconductor switch with a forward direction. If the first power semiconductor switch is turned off, the positive line is interrupted, if the first power semiconductor switch is turned on, the positive line is conductive in both current directions, although the first power semiconductor switch is only conductive in its forward direction. This refinement can be implemented even more economically than the refinement described above with two power semiconductor switches connected in series in opposite directions. As is generally known, the Graetz circuit has two pairs of diodes connected in parallel, the first power semiconductor switch being connected in the middle between the pairs of diodes.

In principle, however, it is also possible to replace arrangements with one or more unidirectional power semiconductor switches and diodes with at least one (“bidirectional”) power semiconductor switch, such as a triac, which conducts in both directions.

It is an embodiment that the positive conduction path and the negative conduction path have a first capacitance and thus the discharge circuit are connected in parallel. The discharge circuit can in particular serve to discharge the first capacitance quickly. The first capacitance can in turn serve, for example, to smooth voltage peaks and can serve analogously to an intermediate circuit capacitance or as an intermediate circuit capacitance.

In one embodiment, a voltage measuring device is connected in parallel with the discharge resistor. This has the advantage that a test process can be carried out in which the voltage measuring device can be used to measure a voltage drop across the discharge resistor when the second power semiconductor switch is closed. The voltage drop, in turn, is an indication of a proper state of the discharge circuit.

In one embodiment, a second capacitor is connected in parallel with the first relay. This second capacitance advantageously prevents the occurrence of additional current peaks when the first relay is switched off.

In one embodiment, the energy storage module has the second relay, which is connected between the at least one energy storage cell and the negative terminal of the energy storage module. This has the advantage that the energy storage module can be handled particularly safely - e.g. removed - because when the second relay is open, the negative connection or negative pole is galvanically isolated from the at least one storage cell.

It is a further development that the at least one energy storage cell and the positive connection of the energy storage module is interposed with a further switch, e.g. a mechanical switch, so that the positive connection can also be de-energized, e.g. for removing the module. The further switch can, for example, be coupled to a service flap and open when the service flap is opened.

It is an embodiment that the control device is set up to connect the energy storage module to the at least one consumer: to switch the second relay conductive (to close), then to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch to conductive (to switch on), then the first relay to turn on (to close) and then to turn off the at least one first power semiconductor switch (to turn off). In this way, a switching sequence is provided in which the relays can be switched practically load-free and can thus be installed in the form of simple relays (not as contactors). In addition, this switching sequence can be carried out particularly quickly, for example within approx. 40 ms. At the end of Switching sequence, the at least one consumer is galvanically connected to the positive connection or positive pole of the energy storage module. Another advantage of this switching sequence is that the at least one first power semiconductor switch can be switched very quickly, so that current can already flow through the positive line before the first relay is switched. The opening of the at least one first power semiconductor switch prevents subsequent generation of a power loss by the at least one first power semiconductor switch. It has been taken into account that an internal resistance of a power semiconductor switch is typically noticeably greater than the internal resistance of a relay. Switching the at least one first power semiconductor switch conductive includes in particular that the positive line becomes conductive by switching at least one of the first power semiconductor switches (not necessarily all of the first power semiconductor switches) conductive. The switching process can, in particular, be carried out on the basis of switches and relays that are switched off.

In one embodiment, the control device is set up to disconnect the energy storage module from the at least one consumer: to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch conductive (to switch it on), then to switch the first relay to a blocking state (to open), then the at least one to switch the first power semiconductor switch blocking (to switch off) and then to switch the second relay to blocking (to open). This has the advantage that a galvanic separation of the positive line at the first relay can be achieved quickly (e.g. within approx. 60 ms) and avoiding a contactor. The switching process can be carried out in particular on the basis of the connected state of the energy storage module and consumer as described above.

It is a particularly advantageous embodiment in the positive line that the parallel connection of the first relay with the at least one first power semiconductor switch is arranged between the discharge circuit and the first capacitance that the control device is set up to short-circuit the first capacitance: to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch conductive, then to switch the first relay to blocking, then to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch to blocking, then to switch the second relay to blocking, then to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch to conductive and then the second power semiconductor switch of the discharge circuit to switch conductive. As a result, the first capacitance is short-circuited via the discharge circuit. The discharge resistor can act like a braking resistor. In this embodiment, too, the relays can be switched practically load-free. The switching process can be implemented quickly (e.g. within approx. 70 ms) and inexpensively and robustly, avoiding contactors and pyro fuses.

One embodiment is that the control device is set up to switch the discharge switch conductive to test a short-circuiting of the first capacitance, then to measure a voltage applied to the discharge resistor by means of the voltage measuring device and then to switch the discharge switch to a blocking state again. If a voltage drop is measured at the discharge resistor, it can be assumed that the first capacitance is likely to be properly discharged due to a short circuit. This test process can e.g. be carried out within approx. 5 ms.

The object is also achieved by a method for switching the switching arrangement as described above. The method can be implemented analogously to the vehicle and has the same advantages.

In one embodiment, before switching the first relay, the at least one first power semiconductor switch connected in parallel is switched on and after switching the first relay, the at least one first power semiconductor switch connected in parallel is switched off. As a result, it is particularly reliably achieved that the first relay switches practically without load and can be designed as a simple relay. In addition, the associated switching process can be carried out quickly using inexpensive, robust, compact components that switch without bouncing.

• 1 zeigt ein Ersatzschaltbild einer Schaltanordnung eines Fahrzeugs gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel zum Verbinden eines Energiespeichermoduls mit mindestens einem Verbraucher; und
• 2 zeigt ein Ersatzschaltbild einer Schaltanordnung eines Fahrzeugs gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel zum Verbinden eines Energiespeichermoduls mit mindestens einem Verbraucher.

The properties, features and advantages of this invention described above and the manner in which they are achieved will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following schematic description of an exemplary embodiment which is explained in more detail in connection with the drawings.

• 1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a switching arrangement of a vehicle according to a first exemplary embodiment for connecting an energy storage module to at least one consumer; and
• 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a switching arrangement of a vehicle according to a second exemplary embodiment for connecting an energy storage module to at least one consumer.

1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a switching arrangement of a vehicle 1 for connecting an energy storage module in the form of a battery module 2 with at least one consumer 3 .

The vehicle 1 is in particular a fully electrically powered electric vehicle. The battery module 2 has one or typically more storage cells in the form of battery cells 4th on that eg in series with a positive terminal 5 and a negative terminal 6th of the battery module 2 are connected. The present is between the battery cells 4th and the negative terminal 6th a simple "second" relay 7th switched by means of a control device 8th is optionally conductive or closed and blocking or open switchable.

Optional is between the battery cells 4th and the positive terminal 5 a switch 9 in place so that the battery cells 4th can be disconnected at all poles, e.g. to replace the battery cells 4th . This can be opened, for example, by opening a service flap (not shown) and can also be provided with or connected to an electrical fuse (not shown). It is opened, for example, when the battery module 2 should be removed. In the following it is assumed that Switch 9 is switched on or is closed.

The at least one consumer 3 can for example comprise a DC voltage converter, by means of which the battery module 2 or the battery cells 4th provided battery voltage of, for example, 400 V or 800 V is downconverted to a vehicle electrical system voltage of, for example, 12 V or 48 V suitable for other electrical loads such as power steering, power brakes, etc. The at least one consumer 3 is consequently by means of the battery module 2 or the battery cells 4th supplied with electrical energy via the switching arrangement described in more detail below. The operating current flows via a positive conduction path L + which is connected to the positive terminal 5 the battery 4th is connected to the at least one consumer 3 . The negative conduction path L- which to the negative terminal 6th of the battery module 4th is typically connected to ground.

The switching arrangement has a parallel connection of a “first” relay 10 with a first power semiconductor switch 11 on, the parallel connection being in the positive conduction path L + or the positive conduction path L + is interposed. The first power semiconductor switch 11 is designed here as a power semiconductor in the form of a normally blocking pnp transistor whose collector C. and emitter E. to two pairs of diodes connected in the form of a Graetz circuit D1 , D2 and D3 , D4 are connected in parallel. The diodes D1 to D4 are at knots 12th and 13th between their diode pairs D1 and D2 or. D3 and D4 with the positive lead L + connected.

The base B. of the first power semiconductor switch 11 is by the control device 8th controllable. Becomes the base B. not activated and thus the first power semiconductor switch 11 When switched off, no current flows through this branch or between the nodes 12th and 13th . Is the first power semiconductor switch 11 on the other hand, when switched on, current can flow through this branch in both directions because the diodes D1 to D4 conduct the current so that it is always in the forward direction of the first power semiconductor switch 11 flows: namely either from the node 12th through the diode D2 , the first power semiconductor switch 11 and the diode D3 to the knot 13th or from the knot 13th through the diode D4 , the switch 11 and the diode D1 to the knot 12th . Instead of the arrangement with the first power semiconductor switch 11 and the diodes D1 to D4 A power semiconductor switch such as a triac that conducts current in both directions can be used.

The first relay 10 is a "simple" relay in the sense that it is not a contactor. It is designed here as an on / off relay that is activated by means of the control device 8th is switchable. It is advantageously a normally blocking or open relay. The first relay 10 is a "second" capacity 14th connected in parallel, which prevents the first relay from opening 10 forms a current spike.

Between the positive line L + and the negative lead L- is also a first capacitance 15th switched, which serves to reduce voltage peaks at the at least one consumer 3 to suppress. The first capacity 15th is located here directly on the consumer or load side of the switching arrangement.

In a cross path between the positive lead L + and the negative lead L- and thus also in parallel with the second capacity 15th there is a discharge circuit 16 with a series connection with a second power semiconductor switch 17th and a resistor ("discharge resistor") 18. The second power semiconductor switch 17th is designed here as a power semiconductor in the form of a normally blocking npn transistor, the emitter of which E. to the negative lead L- and its collector C. via the discharge resistance 18th to the positive lead L + connected. To the discharge resistor 18th is a tension measuring device 19th connected. The forward direction of the second power semiconductor switch 17th thus consists of the positive lead L + to the negative lead L- .

For connecting the energy storage module 2 with the at least one consumer 3 can the Control device 8th be set up for this: first the second relay 7th to switch conductive, then the first power semiconductor switch 11 to switch conductive, then the first relay 10 to switch conductive and then the first power semiconductor switch 11 to switch to blocking again. The second power semiconductor switch 17th is not switched and remains blocking. This switching sequence means that the battery module is first connected electrically 2 through the second relay 7th a very quick closing of the positive lead L + and thus the circuit has reached the first power semiconductor switch 11 shifts very quickly. For example, a switching time in the range of 40 ms can be achieved with inexpensive switches 7th , 10 and 11 to reach.

After switching on or switching on the power semiconductor switch 11 can now the first relay 10 can be switched on practically without power. By the subsequent blocking limit switching or switching off of the power semiconductor switch 11 from then on, a power flow is prevented from generating power loss there. This makes use of the fact that an internal resistance of the first relay 10 is noticeably lower than an internal resistance of the first power semiconductor switch 11 .

In particular, it can be assumed that before the energy storage module is connected 2 with the at least one consumer 3 all power semiconductor switches 11 and 17th and all relays 7th and 10 have locked or were open.

To disconnect the battery module 2 from the at least one consumer 3 can, starting from a connected state as established above, the control device 8th be set up for this: first the first power semiconductor switch 11 to switch conductive, then the first relay 10 to open or to switch to blocking, then the first power semiconductor switch 11 to switch off or to block and then the second relay 7th to open. Switching the first power semiconductor switch on and off 11 serves mainly to be the first relay 10 to be able to switch off practically without power. The separation process can be achieved in approx. 60 ms.

In the event that it is desired, the first capacity 15th to discharge quickly by short circuit (for example in an emergency), starting from a connected state as established above, the control device 8th be set up for this: first the first power semiconductor switch 11 to switch conductive, then the first relay 10 to switch off, then the first power semiconductor switch 11 to switch off, then the second relay 7th Switch on blocking and then the second power semiconductor switch 17th the discharge circuit 16 to switch conductive. This switching process creates a closed circuit between the first capacitance 15th and the discharge circuit 16 manufactured so that the first capacity 15th via the discharge resistance 18th (which has a high ohmic resistance) can discharge. In addition, the battery cells are afterwards 4th at least at their negative pole galvanically isolated from the at least one consumer. This switching process can be carried out within less than 70 ms, for example.

In the event that it is desired, the short-circuiting of the first capacitance 15th to test, starting from a connected state as established above, the control device 8th be set up for this: the second power semiconductor switch 17th to switch conductive, then by means of the voltage measuring device 19th to measure a voltage and then after a short time the second power semiconductor switch 17th to switch to blocking again. Used by means of the tension measuring device 19th a voltage drop measured can be derived from a presumably properly proceeding rapid discharge of the first capacitance 15th can be assumed due to a short circuit by means of the switching process described above. This test process can be carried out within approx. 5 ms, for example.

The discharge circuit 16 can alternatively be between the positive terminal 5 and the diodes D1 to D4 with the positive lead L + be connected, as indicated by the dotted border. In this case, the first can be capacity 15th be discharged by short circuit in that first the first power semiconductor switch 11 is switched conductive, then the first relay 10 is switched off, then the first power semiconductor switch 11 is switched off, then the second relay 7th is switched off, then the first power semiconductor switch 11 is switched conductive again and then the second power semiconductor switch 17th is switched conductive. This switching process can be carried out within approx. 70 ms, for example.

The second relay 7th can, instead of a component of the battery module 2 outside of the battery module 2 be present, especially directly on the negative terminal 6th be connected, as indicated by the dotted border.

2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement of the vehicle 1 according to a second embodiment for connecting the battery module 2 with the at least one consumer 3 . This switching arrangement differs from the switching arrangement according to the first exemplary embodiment in that, instead of the one first power semiconductor switch 11 two first power semiconductor switches connected in series to one another 11a and 11b are used, each of which has a diode D5 or. D6 is connected anti-parallel. The power semiconductor switch 11a can also be referred to as the first first power semiconductor switch or “third” power semiconductor switch, the power semiconductor switch 11a also as the second first power semiconductor switch or "fourth" power semiconductor switch. The first two power semiconductor switches 11a and 11b are connected in opposite directions to one another in the sense that their emitters E. are connected to each other. The first two power semiconductor switches 11a and 11b are each designed here as a power semiconductor in the form of normally blocking npn transistors.

To the power line from the node 12th to the knot 13th becomes at least the fourth power semiconductor switch 11b switched conductive. Electricity can then come from the node 12th , through the fourth power semiconductor switch 11b and through the diode D5 to the knot 13th flow. The third power semiconductor switch 11a can be switched on, but does not need to be. In terms of circuitry, however, it can be simpler to use both first power semiconductor switches 11a and 11b switch on and off synchronously.

To reverse power line from the node 13th to the knot 12th becomes at least the third power semiconductor switch 11a switched conductive. Electricity can then come from the node 13th , through the third switch 11a and through the diode D6 to the knot 12th flow. The fourth power semiconductor switch 11b can be switched on, but does not need to be

Of course, the present invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment shown.

In the in 2 embodiment shown the discharge circuit 16 at the in 1 Point indicated by dashed lines and / or it can be the switch 7th in the at the in 1 position indicated by dashed lines outside the battery module 2 to be available.

Furthermore, functionally equivalent pnp power semiconductors can be used instead of npn power semiconductors. In addition to bipolar transistors, IGBTs, thyristors, etc. can be used functionally equivalent.

In general, “a”, “one” etc. can be understood as a singular or plural number, in particular in the sense of “at least one” or “one or more” etc., as long as this is not explicitly excluded, for example by the expression “exactly a "etc.

A numerical specification can also include exactly the specified number as well as a customary tolerance range, as long as this is not explicitly excluded.

List of reference symbols

1

vehicle

2

Battery module

3

consumer

4th

Battery cell

5

Positive connection / positive pole of the battery module

6th

Negative connection / negative pole of the battery module

7th

Second relay

8th

Control device

9

Mechanically operated switch

10

First relay

11

First power semiconductor switch

11a

First first power semiconductor switch

11b

Second first power semiconductor switch

12th

node

13th

node

14th

Second capacity

15th

First capacity

16

Discharge circuit

17th

Second power semiconductor switch

18th

Discharge resistance

19th

Tension measuring device

B.

Base

D1-D6

Diodes

E.

Emitter

C.

collector

L +

Positive conduction path

L-

Negative conduction path

Claims (12)

Vehicle (1), comprising - an energy storage module (2) with at least one storage cell (4) and a positive connection (5) and negative connection (6) connected to the at least one storage cell (4), - at least one consumer (3) that can be supplied by means of the energy storage module (2), - a switching arrangement with several switches in the form of power semiconductor switches (11; 11a, 11b, 17) arranged between the at least one storage cell (4) and the at least one consumer (3) and relays (7, 10) and - a control device (8) for switching the power semiconductor switches (11; 11a, 11b, 17) and relays (7, 10), the switching arrangement - a parallel connection of a first relay (10) with at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) which is interposed with a positive conduction path (L +) connected to the positive terminal (5) of the energy storage module (2); - A second relay (7) for selectively connecting and disconnecting the at least one storage cell (4) with or from a negative conduction path (L-) of the switching arrangement connected to the negative terminal (6) of the energy storage module (2); and - a discharge circuit (16) with a series circuit with a second power semiconductor switch (17) and a discharge resistor (18), which is connected on the one hand to the positive conduction path (L +) and on the other hand to the negative conduction path (L-). Vehicle (1) after Claim 1 , wherein the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) comprises two power semiconductor switches (11a, 11b) connected in series with different forward directions, each of which is connected in anti-parallel with a diode (D5, D6). Vehicle (1) after Claim 1 , wherein the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) comprises exactly one first power semiconductor switch (11) which is connected to center taps of a Graetz circuit (D1-D4) connected to the positive conduction path (L +). Vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the positive conduction path (L +) and the negative conduction path (L-) a first capacitance (15) and thus the discharge circuit (16) are connected in parallel. Vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a voltage measuring device (19) is connected in parallel to the discharge resistor (18). Vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second capacitor (14) is connected in parallel to the first relay (10). Vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage module (2) has the second relay (7) which is connected between the at least one energy storage cell (4) and the negative terminal (6) of the energy storage module (2). Vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (8) is set up to connect the energy storage module (2) to the at least one consumer (3): - to switch the second relay (7) conductive, then - to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) conductive, - Then switch the first relay (10) conductive and - Then switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) in a blocking manner. Vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (8) is set up to disconnect the energy storage module (2) from the at least one consumer (3): - To switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) conductive, then - to switch the first relay (10) blocking, then - To switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) in a blocking manner and then - to switch the second relay (7) blocking. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims including one of the Claims 4 or 5 , wherein in the positive conduction path (L +) the parallel connection of the first relay (10) with the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) is arranged between the first capacitance (15) and the discharge circuit (16) and wherein the control device ( 8) is set up to short-circuit the first capacitance (15): - to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) conductive, then - to switch the first relay (10) to a blocking state, then - the at least one first To switch power semiconductor switches (11; 11a, 11b) in a blocking manner, then - to switch on the second relay (7) in a blocking manner, then - to switch the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) on and then - to switch the second power semiconductor switch (17) To switch discharge circuit (16) conductive. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims including Claim 5 , wherein the control device is set up to test a short circuit of the first capacitance (15): - to switch the second power semiconductor switch (17) to conductive, then - to measure a voltage applied to the discharge resistor (18) by means of the voltage measuring device (19) and then - to turn off the second power semiconductor switch (17) again. Method for switching a switching arrangement of a vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which before switching the first relay (10) the at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) connected in parallel is switched on and after switching the first relay (10) of which at least one first power semiconductor switch (11; 11a, 11b) connected in parallel is switched off.

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