CN220935028U - Bidirectional DC-DC converter - Google Patents
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- CN220935028U CN220935028U CN202322674425.8U CN202322674425U CN220935028U CN 220935028 U CN220935028 U CN 220935028U CN 202322674425 U CN202322674425 U CN 202322674425U CN 220935028 U CN220935028 U CN 220935028U
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 51
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and belongs to the technical field of power conversion. The high-voltage power supply comprises a first bridge type switch unit, a second bridge type switch unit, a switch capacitor unit and a coupling inductance unit, wherein two ends of the second bridge type switch unit form a main circuit, and a positive end and a negative end of the main circuit form a first external end and are provided with a first voltage, namely a high-voltage side; the switch capacitance unit comprises a first capacitance, a second inductance and a third inductance. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps of (1) effectively improving a bidirectional power transmission range, (2) effectively reducing output ripple by adopting staggered control operation, (3) introducing small inductance into a switch capacitor branch circuit at an input end, having the capability of maintaining input current, still realizing stable voltage output in a topology with a limit duty ratio, expanding an available output voltage range, and (4) effectively inhibiting real adjustment when two capacitance values in a switch capacitor unit are different.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and belongs to the technical field of power conversion.
Background
The DC-DC converter is a common topology in the field of electric energy conversion, and can convert direct current at one voltage level into direct current at another voltage level. The bidirectional DC converter can realize bidirectional conversion of DC between high and low levels, and is widely focused and applied in the field of power sources, such as a converter connected between an energy storage system and a DC bus, a vehicle-mounted power supply system, a hybrid electric vehicle and the like.
The traditional LLC resonant bidirectional converter is not suitable for working in a state of bidirectional energy transmission in a wide range, and has limited application scenes. In recent years, a new type of switched capacitor in combination with a coupled inductive converter has been mentioned in some literature as a new topology. Eight switching tubes, six switching capacitors, two inductors and two groups of coupling inductors are used in the topology of foreign literature Hybrid Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converter for-3.4V Direct Conversion, so that the ultrahigh voltage reduction ratio is realized; six switching tubes, two switching capacitors and two groups of coupling inductance units are used in the topology of foreign document HIGH DENSITY Hybrid Switched Capacitor Converter for Data-Center Application, so that high voltage reduction under the limit duty ratio is realized.
However, the two foreign documents use two groups of coupling inductors, so that the complexity and the instability of the circuit and the technical difficulty of implementation are increased, and eight switching tubes, six capacitors and two inductors are used in the foreign document Hybrid Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converter for-3.4V Direct Conversion, so that the additional loss of the circuit is greatly increased.
Disclosure of utility model
The utility model aims at solving the technical problems mentioned in the background art, and aims to solve the problems that the existing LLC bidirectional resonant converter and the existing converter have more switching tubes and limited wide-range bidirectional energy transmission capacity, and the like, and enhance the load capacity of the bidirectional converter.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
The two-way DC-DC converter comprises a first bridge type switch unit, a second bridge type switch unit, a switch capacitor unit and a coupling inductance unit, wherein two ends of the second bridge type switch unit form a main circuit, and a positive end and a negative end of the main circuit form a first external end and are provided with a first voltage, namely a high-voltage side;
The switch capacitor unit comprises a first capacitor, a second inductor and a third inductor, wherein one end of the first capacitor is connected with the first bridge switch unit, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second inductor, the other end of the second inductor is connected with the second bridge switch unit, one end of the second capacitor is connected with the second bridge switch unit, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with one end of the third inductor, and the other end of the third inductor is connected with the first bridge switch unit;
The coupling inductance unit comprises a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, the homonymous ends of the primary side winding are respectively connected with the first bridge type switch unit and are connected, the heteronymous ends of the primary side winding are connected with the homonymous ends of the secondary side winding and are led out of taps, and the heteronymous ends of the secondary side winding are respectively connected with the second bridge type switch unit and are connected.
Preferably, the first bridge switching unit comprises a first switching tube, a fourth switching tube and a fifth switching tube;
the anode of the first switching tube is connected with the positive end of the first voltage of the main circuit and the anode of the second switching tube respectively, the cathode of the first switching tube is connected with the anode of the fourth switching tube, the cathode of the fourth switching tube is connected with the cathode of the fifth switching tube, and the anode of the fifth switching tube is connected with the negative end of the first voltage of the main circuit and the second bridge type switching unit respectively;
One end of the first capacitor is respectively connected with the cathode of the first switching tube and the anode of the fourth switching tube, and the other end of the third inductor is respectively connected with the cathode of the fourth switching tube and the cathode of the fifth switching tube;
And the homonymous ends of the primary side winding are respectively connected with a fourth switching tube cathode and a fifth switching tube cathode.
Preferably, the second bridge switching unit includes a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a sixth switching tube; the anode of the second switching tube is also connected with the positive end of the first voltage of the main circuit, the cathode of the second switching tube is connected with the anode of the third switching tube, the cathode of the third switching tube is connected with the cathode of the sixth switching tube, and the anode of the sixth switching tube is also connected with the negative end of the first voltage;
The anode of the fifth switching tube is respectively connected with the negative end of the first voltage of the main circuit and the anode of the sixth switching tube;
The other end of the second inductor is respectively connected with a third switching tube cathode and a sixth switching tube cathode, one end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with the second switching tube cathode and the third switching tube anode, and the synonym end of the secondary side winding is respectively connected with the third switching tube cathode and the sixth switching tube cathode.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter further comprises a first filter circuit; the first filter circuit comprises a third capacitor, and two ends of the third capacitor are respectively connected with a positive end of the first voltage and a negative end of the first voltage on the main circuit.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter further includes a second filter circuit, and the positive end and the negative end of the second filter circuit are provided with a second voltage, the second filter circuit includes a first inductor and a fourth capacitor, the other end of the fourth capacitor is respectively connected with the negative end of the second voltage and the negative end of the second voltage, one end of the first inductor is respectively connected with a leading-out tap of the synonym end of the primary winding and the homonymy end of the secondary winding, the other end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the fourth capacitor, and the positive end and the negative end of the second voltage form a second external end, namely a low-voltage side.
Preferably, when the first voltage is greater than the second voltage, the forward dc conversion is in a buck mode from the first voltage to the second voltage, and the reverse dc conversion is in a boost mode from the second voltage to the first voltage.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages: (1) The bidirectional power transmission range is effectively improved, namely stable voltage output can be realized under the limit duty ratio condition (D=0.1), specifically, lower voltage output in a buck mode and higher voltage output in a boost mode are respectively increased, and the corresponding power transmission ranges in the two modes are respectively increased; (2) The staggered control operation is adopted to effectively reduce output ripple, (3) a small inductance is introduced into a switch capacitor branch circuit at an input end, the input current maintaining capability is possessed, stable voltage output can be still realized in a topology provided by a limit duty ratio (D=0.1), an available output voltage range is expanded, and (4) the real adjustment quantity can be effectively restrained when two capacitance values in the switch capacitor unit are different.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model in both the buck converter and the first mode of operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model in both the buck converter and the second mode of operation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model in both the buck converter and the third mode of operation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model in both the converter boost and first operating modes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model in both the converter boost and the second mode of operation;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the present utility model in both the converter boost and third modes of operation.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be further described with reference to the following detailed drawings, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the utility model easy to understand.
As shown in fig. 1-7, a bi-directional DC-DC converter includes a bi-directional DC-converter 10. The bidirectional direct current converter 10 comprises a first filter circuit 11, a first bridge type switch unit 12, a second bridge type switch unit 13, a switch capacitor unit 14, a coupling inductance unit 15 and a second filter circuit 16; the two ends of the second bridge switch unit 13 form a main circuit, and the positive end and the negative end of the main circuit form a first external end and are provided with a first voltage, namely a high-voltage side;
The first filter circuit 11 includes a third capacitor C 3, two ends of the third capacitor C 3 are respectively connected to the positive end of the first voltage and the negative end of the first voltage, and in addition, the third capacitor C 3 is used as a voltage stabilizing capacitor of the first external end;
The first bridge switching unit 12 includes a first switching tube S 1, a fourth switching tube S 4, and a fifth switching tube S 5, where the first switching tube S 1, the fourth switching tube S 4, and the fifth switching tube S 5 are sequentially connected in series; the bridge switching unit 13 includes a second switching tube S 2, a third switching tube S 3, and a sixth switching tube S 6;
The second switching tube S 2, the third switching tube S 3 and the sixth switching tube S 6 are sequentially connected in series;
The switched capacitor unit 14 includes a first capacitor C 1, a second capacitor C 2, a second inductor L 2, and a third inductor L 3, where a first end of the first capacitor C 1 is connected to the cathode of the first switch tube S 1 and the anode of the fourth switch tube S 4, a second end of the first capacitor C 1 is connected to a first end of the second inductor L 2, a second end of the second inductor L 2 is connected to the cathode of the third switch tube S 3 and the cathode of the sixth switch tube S 6, a first end of the second capacitor C 2 is connected to the cathode of the second switch tube S 2 and the anode of the third switch tube S 3, a second end of the second capacitor C 2 is connected to the first end of the third inductor L 3, and a second end of the third inductor L 3 is connected to the cathode of the fourth switch tube S 4 and the cathode of the fifth switch tube S 5, respectively;
The coupling inductance unit 15 comprises a primary winding W 1 and a secondary winding W 2, the homonymous end of the primary winding W 1 is respectively connected with the cathode of the fourth switching tube S 4 and the cathode of the fifth switching tube S 5, the heteronymous end of the primary winding W 1 is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary winding W 2 and the leading-out tap is connected with the second filter circuit 16, and the heteronymous end of the secondary winding W 2 is respectively connected with the cathode of the third switching tube S 3 and the cathode of the sixth switching tube S 6;
The second filter circuit 16 includes a first inductor L 1 and a fourth capacitor C 4, a first end of the first inductor L 1 is connected to a tap of the primary winding W 1 with a different name and a second end of the secondary winding W 2 with a same name, and a second end of the first inductor L 1 is connected to a first end of the fourth capacitor C 4. The fourth capacitor C 4 is used as a second external voltage stabilizing capacitor, two ends of which are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of the second voltage U 2, and the second end of the fourth capacitor C 4 is connected with the negative end of the first voltage U 1.
When the first voltage U 1 is greater than the second voltage U 2, the forward dc conversion (from the first voltage U 1 to the second voltage U 2) is in the buck mode, and the reverse dc conversion (from the second voltage U 2 to the first voltage U 1) is in the boost mode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the principle of implementing dc voltage conversion is to control the converter 10 to operate in a state where two or three operation modes alternate, specifically as follows:
I. In the first working mode, the first switching tube S 1 and the fifth switching tube S 5 in the first bridge switching unit 12 are controlled to be turned on, the fourth switching tube S 4 is controlled to be turned off, the second switching tube S 2 and the sixth switching tube S 6 in the second bridge switching unit 13 are controlled to be turned off, and the third switching tube S 3 is controlled to be turned on;
II. In the second working mode, the first switching tube S 1 and the fifth switching tube S 5 in the first bridge switching unit 12 are controlled to be turned off, the fourth switching tube S 4 is controlled to be turned on, the second switching tube S 2 and the sixth switching tube S 6 in the second bridge switching unit 13 are controlled to be turned on, and the third switching tube S 3 is controlled to be turned off;
In the third operation mode, all the switching tubes S 1 to S 6 in the first bridge switching unit 12 and the second bridge switching unit 13 are controlled to be turned off, but the body parallel diode of the first bridge switching unit 12 and part of the switching tubes in the second bridge switching unit 13 are turned on to provide a freewheeling channel.
The principle of the first operation mode of the dc conversion in the buck mode is shown in fig. 2: in the step-down first working mode, a first capacitor C 1 of the switch capacitor unit is connected in series with a second inductor L 2, a secondary side winding W 2 of the coupling inductor and a second filter circuit 16 are connected in parallel at two ends of a first voltage U 1 through a first switch tube S 1, so that charging of the first capacitor C 1 and reverse excitation of the coupling inductor unit are realized (an equivalent excitation inductor is connected in parallel at two ends of a primary side winding W 1 and looks like a homonymous end relation); the second capacitor C 2 of the switch capacitor unit is connected in series with the third inductor L 3, and the second side winding W 2 of the inductor is coupled in series with the fifth switch tube S 5 through the third switch tube S 3 to form a discharge loop of the second capacitor C 2 with the second filter circuit 16; the coupling inductance primary winding W 1 is connected in series with the second filter circuit 16 through the fifth switching tube S 5 to constitute a freewheel loop.
The principle of the second operation mode of the dc conversion in the buck mode is shown in fig. 3: in the step-down second working mode, a second capacitor C 2 of the switch capacitor unit is connected in series with a third inductor L 3, a primary side winding W 1 of the coupling inductor and a second filter circuit 16 are connected in parallel at two ends of a first voltage U 1 through a second switch tube S 2, so that charging of the second capacitor C 2 and forward excitation of the coupling inductor unit are realized; the first capacitor C 1 of the switch capacitor unit is connected in series with the second inductor L 2, and is connected in series with the sixth switch tube S 6 through the fourth switch tube S 4 to couple the primary winding W 1 of the inductor and the second filter circuit 16 to form a discharge loop of the first capacitor C 1; the coupling inductance secondary side winding W 2 is connected in series with the second filter circuit 16 through a sixth switching tube S 6 to form a freewheel loop.
The principle of the third operation mode of dc conversion in the buck mode is shown in fig. 4, and in the buck third operation mode, the primary winding W 1 of the coupling inductor is connected in series with the second filter circuit 16 through the body parallel diode of the fifth switching tube S 5, and the secondary winding W 2 of the coupling inductor is connected in series with the second filter circuit 16 through the body parallel diode of the sixth switching tube S 6, respectively, to form a freewheeling circuit.
The principle of the first operation mode of the dc conversion in the boost mode is shown in fig. 5. In the first boost working mode, the primary winding W 1 of the coupling inductor is connected in series with the second filter circuit 16 through the fifth switch tube S 5 to be communicated with the input voltage source U 2 of the second external terminal; the third inductor L 3 is serially connected with the second capacitor C 2 through the third switching tube S 3, and the second inductor winding W 2 is serially coupled to provide a charging loop of the second capacitor C 2, that is, a freewheeling loop of the second inductor winding W 2, and the first capacitor C 1 of the switching capacitor unit discharges through the first switching tube S 1.
The principle of the second operation mode of the dc conversion in the boost mode is shown in fig. 6: in the second boost working mode, the coupling inductance secondary side winding W 2 is connected in series with the second filter circuit 16 through a sixth switching tube S 6 to be communicated with an input voltage source U 2 of a second external terminal; the switching capacitor unit first capacitor C 1 is connected in series with the second inductor L 2, and the fourth switching tube S 4 is connected in series with the inductor primary winding W 1 to provide a charging loop of the first capacitor C 1, that is, a freewheeling loop of the inductor primary winding W 1 is coupled, and the switching capacitor unit second capacitor C 2 is discharged through the second switching tube S 2.
The third operating mode principle of dc conversion in boost mode is shown in fig. 7: in a third boost working mode, the primary winding W 1 of the coupling inductor is connected with the body diode flywheel in parallel through the fourth switching tube S 4, and the secondary winding W 2 of the coupling inductor is connected with the body diode flywheel in parallel through the third switching tube S 3; the first capacitor C 1 of the switched capacitor unit is connected in series with the second inductor L 2 and is connected in parallel with the body diode through the first switching tube S 1 for discharging, and the second capacitor C 2 of the switched capacitor unit is connected in series with the third inductor L 3 and is connected in parallel with the body diode through the second switching tube S 2 for discharging.
It should be noted that: the first working mode and the second working mode belong to an energy storage working mode in the direct-current voltage conversion process, and the third working mode belongs to a follow-current working mode.
There are two control modes for implementing dc voltage conversion: the first working mode and the second working mode are alternately and complementarily carried out in a switching period, and the second working mode is inserted into the third working mode on the basis of alternately operating the first working mode and the second working mode in the switching period, namely, the operating state is sequentially controlled to be the first working mode, the third working mode, the second working mode and the third working mode in the switching period.
It should be noted that: the first to sixth switching transistors S 1 to S 6 are Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs).
Also to be described is: the first to sixth switching transistors S 1 to S 6 are Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs). It should be emphasized that if the original switching tube device is not provided with a body parallel diode, the two ends of the corresponding switching tube should be connected with a diode in parallel.
The bidirectional converter control method can be divided into: the two-phase staggered control operation mode only comprises a first operation mode and a second operation mode in one switching period, and the operation time of the two operation modes respectively occupies half of the switching period, namely the first operation mode and the second operation mode are complementarily alternated in one switching period. The two-phase staggered dead zone-containing operation mode is characterized in that in one switching period, a second operation mode is started after the first operation mode through dead zone time, a first operation mode of the next switching period is started after the second operation mode through dead zone time, and the operation time of the first operation mode is equal to that of the second operation mode and is smaller than half of that of the switching period. In both control modes, the first and second operation modes are run for equal time, irrespective of the dead zone, to ensure energy balance between the switched capacitor unit 14 and the coupled inductor unit 15.
The converter is controlled to be in an interlaced operation mode, the first capacitor and the second capacitor on the switch capacitor unit 14 are alternately charged and discharged in a period, and the primary side winding and the secondary side winding on the coupling inductance unit 15 are alternately excited in a period, so that output ripple waves are effectively reduced; it is noted that the first bridge switching unit 12 and the second bridge switching unit 13 have the risk of shorting the first voltage terminal, so that care is taken not to short the high voltage side when controlling the switching tube to open during each switching cycle.
It should be noted that, in the beneficial effect (3), the "the switched capacitor branch at the input end introduces a small inductance" means that: the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are two switch capacitors, the small inductance is L2 and L3, the small inductance is compared with the excitation inductance of the coupling inductance, and the switch capacitor branch circuit only plays a role in freewheeling and suppressing starting shock, and different optimal choices can be provided according to different parameter settings of an actual circuit.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present utility model and the advantages of the present utility model. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present utility model is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of numerous variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as hereinafter claimed. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A bi-directional DC-DC converter, characterized by: the high-voltage power supply comprises a first bridge type switch unit, a second bridge type switch unit, a switch capacitor unit and a coupling inductance unit, wherein two ends of the second bridge type switch unit form a main circuit, and a positive end and a negative end of the main circuit form a first external end and are provided with a first voltage, namely a high-voltage side;
The switch capacitor unit comprises a first capacitor, a second inductor and a third inductor, wherein one end of the first capacitor is connected with the first bridge switch unit, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second inductor, the other end of the second inductor is connected with the second bridge switch unit, one end of the second capacitor is connected with the second bridge switch unit, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with one end of the third inductor, and the other end of the third inductor is connected with the first bridge switch unit;
The coupling inductance unit comprises a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, the homonymous ends of the primary side winding are respectively connected with the first bridge type switch unit and are connected, the heteronymous ends of the primary side winding are connected with the homonymous ends of the secondary side winding and are led out of taps, and the heteronymous ends of the secondary side winding are respectively connected with the second bridge type switch unit and are connected.
2. A bi-directional DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first bridge type switching unit comprises a first switching tube, a fourth switching tube and a fifth switching tube;
the anode of the first switching tube is connected with the positive end of the first voltage of the main circuit and the anode of the second switching tube respectively, the cathode of the first switching tube is connected with the anode of the fourth switching tube, the cathode of the fourth switching tube is connected with the cathode of the fifth switching tube, and the anode of the fifth switching tube is connected with the negative end of the first voltage of the main circuit and the second bridge type switching unit respectively;
One end of the first capacitor is respectively connected with the cathode of the first switching tube and the anode of the fourth switching tube, and the other end of the third inductor is respectively connected with the cathode of the fourth switching tube and the cathode of the fifth switching tube;
And the homonymous ends of the primary side winding are respectively connected with a fourth switching tube cathode and a fifth switching tube cathode.
3. A bi-directional DC-DC converter according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second bridge type switching unit comprises a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a sixth switching tube; the anode of the second switching tube is also connected with the positive end of the first voltage of the main circuit, the cathode of the second switching tube is connected with the anode of the third switching tube, the cathode of the third switching tube is connected with the cathode of the sixth switching tube, and the anode of the sixth switching tube is also connected with the negative end of the first voltage;
The anode of the fifth switching tube is respectively connected with the negative end of the first voltage of the main circuit and the anode of the sixth switching tube;
The other end of the second inductor is respectively connected with a third switching tube cathode and a sixth switching tube cathode, one end of the second capacitor is respectively connected with the second switching tube cathode and the third switching tube anode, and the synonym end of the secondary side winding is respectively connected with the third switching tube cathode and the sixth switching tube cathode.
4. A bi-directional DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first filter circuit is also included; the first filter circuit comprises a third capacitor, and two ends of the third capacitor are respectively connected with a positive end of the first voltage and a negative end of the first voltage on the main circuit.
5. A bi-directional DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary winding comprises a secondary winding, a primary winding and a secondary winding, and is characterized by further comprising a second filter circuit, wherein the positive end and the negative end of the second filter circuit are provided with a second voltage, the second filter circuit comprises a first inductor and a fourth capacitor, the other end of the fourth capacitor is respectively connected with the negative end of the second voltage and the negative end of the second voltage, one end of the first inductor is respectively connected with a leading-out tap of the same-name end of the primary winding and the same-name end of the secondary winding, the other end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the fourth capacitor, and the positive end and the negative end of the second voltage form a second external end, namely a low-voltage side.
6. A bi-directional DC-DC converter according to claim 5, wherein: when the first voltage is greater than the second voltage, the forward DC conversion is in a step-down mode from the first voltage to the second voltage, and the reverse DC conversion is in a step-up mode from the second voltage to the first voltage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202322674425.8U CN220935028U (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Bidirectional DC-DC converter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202322674425.8U CN220935028U (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Bidirectional DC-DC converter |
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| CN220935028U true CN220935028U (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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