CN1520297A - 包含复合药物(codrugs)的缓释药物传递系统 - Google Patents

包含复合药物(codrugs)的缓释药物传递系统 Download PDF

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CN1520297A
CN1520297A CNA028129563A CN02812956A CN1520297A CN 1520297 A CN1520297 A CN 1520297A CN A028129563 A CNA028129563 A CN A028129563A CN 02812956 A CN02812956 A CN 02812956A CN 1520297 A CN1520297 A CN 1520297A
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J·陈
P·阿斯顿
ʷ
T·J·史密斯
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种缓释系统,其包括一种聚合物和分散于该聚合物中的溶解度低于约1mg/ml的前体药物。有利地是该聚合物对于该前体药物而言可渗透的,并且对于该前体药物从该聚合物中的释放速率而言不是释放速率的限制因素。这使得可以通过在延长的时间内的缓释速率动力学来改善药物在体内在手术附近的传递,而同时不需要复杂的制造方法。

Description

包含复合药物(codrugs)的缓释药物传递系统
技术领域
本发明一般涉及一种传递药物的改良系统。本发明特别是涉及一种以聚合物为基础的缓释药物传递系统和用该传递系统传递药物的方法。
背景技术
在药学领域中长期以来一直都承认缓释的可取性。已经提出了许多以聚合物为基础的系统来完成缓释的目标。这些系统一般依赖于聚合物的降解或通过聚合物的扩散来作为控制释放的手段。
可植入的药物传递系统提了一种用于替代口服给药、胃肠外给药、栓剂、和局部给药方式的有吸引力选择对象。例如,与口服、胃肠外和栓剂的给药方式相比,可植入的药物传递提供了比其它给药方式的定位性更强的定位性。因此,在临床医生希望得到更局部化的治疗药物作用的情况中可植入的药物传递装置尤其可取。此外,可植入的药物传递装置将药物直接传递到所需作用部位的能力使得临床医生可以使用吸收相对较差或在生物学液体中不稳定的药物,其常常具有更大的优点。可植入的药物传递装置使得可以在所需的作用部位获得治疗剂量,而同时维持低或可忽略的全身水平。因此,可植入的药物传递装置在所讨论药物有毒或清除性差或既有毒而且清除性也差的情况中尤其有吸引力。
与局部给药方式相比,可植入的药物传递系统具有可以被皮下应用的优点。其可以通过手术被植入并因此可以局部传递药物,并且在长时间内具有高浓度。相比较而言,药物的局部应用一般仅限于表皮,并且必需定期重复应用以将药物的浓度维持在其治疗有效的范围内。通过经皮途径如通过经皮贴剂进行的传递具有全身传递药物的缺点。
尽管可植入的药物传递装置具有明显的优点,但可植入的装置仍然有一些需要进一步改进的地方。例如,需要可以以恒定的速率释放药物的简单的药物传递装置。因为其难以装配并且应用不便,所以现有技术解决这些问题的努力仅取得了有限的成功。
因此,需要不需要复杂的制造过程的可以在体内长期内提供缓释药物传递的改良的药物传递装置。
现代的手术方法使用各种和大量通常被放置在体内并被长期留在体内的装置。该类装置非限制性地包括缝合线、斯滕特固定模、手术螺钉、关节修复物、人工瓣膜、板、起搏器等等。随着时间的流逝已经证明该类装置十分有用,但是仍然有一些与被植入的手术装置有关的问题。例如,在血管手术后,斯滕特固定模、人工瓣膜、并且在某种程度上甚至缝合线都可能引起再狭窄问题。因此,常常必需与植入的手术装置联合进行全身给药,其增加了手术后出血的危险。手术植入物有时会受到免疫反应或排斥。所以,有时必需放弃手术植入治疗或与某些手术植入物联合使用免疫抑制药物。在努力避免全身治疗方面通常有使用在控制速率的生物可降解聚合物中的药物的报道。该类系统随着聚合物被侵蚀而有计划的释放药物。这严重限制了药物和聚合物的选择。
因此,需要一种能在长期内将具有抗再狭窄或免疫抑制活性的药物以在药物治疗有效浓度范围内的缓释浓度传递到手术移植物附近的改良的药物传递装置。
已经进行了许多努力来降低患者在手术期间与病原微生物的接触,尽管如此,手术装置的植入仍涉及向体内引入一种可能会传染给患者各种病毒和/或细菌的外来物。因此,手术操作常常导致感染,该感染是患者在一般情况下不易患有的,并且其可危害或取消植入治疗的有效性。因此,在植入治疗时通常附加地进行抗生素、皮质类固醇和/或抗病毒药的给药以对感染进行预防或治疗。但是,该类抗菌剂组合物的全身给药常导致不希望出现的副作用。
因此,需要一种能在长期内将具有抗菌活性的药物以在该药物治疗有效浓度的范围内的缓释浓度传递到手术植入物附近的改良的药物传递装置。
手术植入物常常导致其它有害的副作用如疼痛和肿胀。通常用抗炎剂和止痛剂来对手术植入的患者进行常规治疗,所说的抗炎剂和止痛剂如甾体抗炎剂、非一甾体抗炎剂(NSAIDs),如阿司匹林、cefacoxib、rofecoxib、或消炎痛,其它止痛剂,如扑热息痛、以及鸦片制剂类。因为一些手术后的患者会发烧,所以通常用解热剂,如阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生、或扑热息痛来对该类患者进行治疗。患者常表现出对某些NSAIDs、甾类物质和鸦片制剂类的耐受性差。此外,一些NSAIDs可作为血液稀释剂和抗凝剂,其可增加手术后出血的危险。
因此,需要一种能在长期内将具有抗炎、镇痛和/或解热活性的药物以在该药物治疗有效浓度范围内的缓释浓度传递到手术植入物附近的改良的药物传递装置。
本发明的概述
本发明的某些实施方案提供了一种包含聚合物基质和分散在该聚合物内的前体药物的缓释系统,其中所说的前体药物具有A-L-B的通式,其中:A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分。在某些实施方案中,连接L在体液中被水解。在其它实施方案中,连接L被酶促裂解。可以使用的连接的实例包括一种或多种选自酯、酰胺、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、环状缩酮、硫代酸酯、硫代酰胺、硫代氨基甲酸酯、硫代碳酸酯、黄原酸酯和磷酸酯的可水解基团。
本发明的其它实施方案提供了一种包含聚合物基质和分散在该聚合物内的前体药物的缓释制剂,其中所说的前体药物具有A∷B的通式,其中A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;∷表示A和B之间的在生理学条件下离解产生所说的A的治疗活性形式的离子键;和B表示一种当与A离子键合时产生一种溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分。
在某些优选的实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解度高于1mg/ml,而该前体药物在水中的溶解度低于1mg/ml,并且更优选地低于0.1mg/ml、0.01mg/ml或甚至低于0.001mg/ml。
在某些优选的实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解度比所说的前体药物高10倍并且其在水中的溶解度比所说的前体药物至少高100、1000或甚至10000倍。
在某些优选的实施方案中,当配置于生物流体(如血清、滑液、脑脊髓液、淋巴液、尿,等等)中时,该缓释制剂可以在至少24小时内提供A的治疗活性形式的持续释放,并且在释放期间,在聚合物外的流体中的前体药物的浓度低于A治疗活性形式浓度的10%,并且甚至更优选地低于A治疗活性形式浓度的5%、1%或甚至0.1%。
在某些优选的实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式的logP值比该前体药物的logP值低至少1个logP单位,并且更优选地比该前体药物的logP值低至少2、3或甚至4个logP单位。
在某些优选的实施方案中,其连接形式的前体药物产生临床响应的ED50比A的治疗活性形式的ED50高至少10倍,并且更优选地比A的治疗活性形式的ED50高至少100、1000或甚至10000倍。即,在许多实施方案中,前体药物本身不就产生临床响应而言是惰性的。
在某些实施方案中,B是一种疏水性脂族部分。
在一些情况中,B是一旦所说连接物L裂解或所说离子键解离则产生具有治疗活性形式的药物部分,并且可以是与A相同或不同的药物。
在其它实施方案中,在从该前体药物上裂解下来后,B是一种生物学惰性部分。
在许多优选的实施方案中,治疗有效量的A的治疗活性形式从该聚合物基质上释放的持续时间为至少24小时,并且更优选地为至少72小时、100、250、500或甚至750小时。在某些实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式从该聚合物基质上释放的持续时间为至少一周,更优选两周或更优选地为至少三周。在某些实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式从该聚合物基质上释放的持续时间为至少一个月,更优选地为两个月或甚至更优选地为六个月。
在某些实施方案中,该前体药物的ED50比A的治疗活性形式的ED50高至少10倍。在优选的实施方案中,该前体药物的ED50比A的治疗活性形式的ED50高至少100倍,或更优选地高至少1000倍。
在一些实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解比所说的前体药物高至少10倍。在优选的实施方案中,A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解比所说的前体药物高至少100倍,或更优选地高至少1000倍。
A(和任选的B)部分可以选自如下的药物,如免疫响应改性剂、抗增生剂、皮质类固醇、抑制血管的(angiostatic)甾类、抗寄生虫药、治疗青光眼的药物、抗生素、反义化合物、分化调节剂、抗病毒药、抗癌药、以及非甾体抗炎药。
在某些实施方案中,该聚合物基质是不可生物侵蚀的,而在其它实施方案中其是可生物侵蚀的。不可生物侵蚀的聚合物基质的实例可以有聚氨酯、聚硅氧烷、聚(乙烯-共-醋酸乙烯酯)、聚乙烯醇、以及它们的衍生物和共聚物。
可生物侵蚀的聚合物基质的实例可以是聚酐、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚原酸酯、聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯、以及它们的衍生物和共聚物。
在某些实施方案中,选择聚合物基质的条件是其能降低位于该基质中的前体药物和周围浴液体中的蛋白质组分之间的相互作用,例如,通过形成一种具有可将蛋白质排除在该内部基质外的物理(孔大小等等)和/或化学(离子化基团、疏水性等等)特性的基质来实现该目的,例如可以将大于100kD的蛋白,并且更优选地可以将尺度大于50kD、25kD、10kD或甚至5kD的蛋白质排除在该内部基质外。
在某些实施方案中,该聚合物基质就A的治疗活性形式从该基质中释放的速率而言,基本不是释放速率的限制因素。
在其它实施方案中,该聚合物基质影响释放速率。例如,该基质可以被衍生以具有使该前体药物的螯合作用优于单体(A和B)释放的电荷或疏水性特性。同样,该聚合物基质也可以影响该水解反应的pH依赖性、或可产生一种不同于体液浴的pH的微环境,从而使得该前体药物在该基质中的水解和/或溶解度与周围液体中的水解和/或溶解度不同。该类聚合物可以以该类方式通过不同电子、疏水性或与该前体药物的化学相互作用而影响释放速率、以及该前体药物的水解速率。
在某些实施方案中,A或B的至少一个是抗肿瘤剂。抗肿瘤剂的实例包括蒽环素类(anthracyclines)、长春花属生物碱类、嘌呤类似物、嘧啶类似物、嘧啶生物合成的抑制剂、和/或烷化剂。抗肿瘤药的实例包括5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)、5′-脱氧-5-氟尿苷5-氟尿苷、2′-脱氧-5-氟尿苷、氟胞嘧啶、5-三氟甲基-2′-脱氧尿苷、阿糖氧基(arabinoxyl)胞嘧啶、环胞苷、5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷、阿拉伯糖基5-氮杂胞嘧啶、6-氮杂胞苷、N-膦酰基乙酰基-L-天门冬氨酸、吡唑呋喃菌素、6-氮杂尿苷、阿扎立平、3-去氮杂尿苷、阿拉伯糖基胞嘧啶、环胞苷、5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷、阿拉伯糖基5-氮杂胞嘧啶、6-氮杂胞苷、克拉屈滨、6-巯基嘌呤、喷司他丁、6-硫鸟嘌呤、和磷酸氟达拉滨。
在某些优选的实施方案中,该抗肿瘤药是氟化的嘧啶,并且更优选地是5-氟尿嘧啶,例如,在某些实施方案中A优选地是5-氟尿嘧啶。
在某些实施方案中,A或B的至少一个是抗炎剂,用于解释性地如,非甾体抗炎药(双氯酚酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、nahumstone、萘普生、吡罗昔康等等)或糖皮质激素(如aclometasone、倍氯米松、倍他米松、布地奈德、氯倍他索、氯倍他松、可的松、地萘德、去羟米松、二氟拉松、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟轻松、肤轻松、氟可龙、氟泼尼定、氟氢缩松、氟替卡松、氢化可的松、醋丙甲泼松龙、mometasone furdate、强的松龙、强的松和rofleponide)。
在某些优选的实施方案中,A是抗肿瘤的氟化嘧啶,如5-氟尿嘧啶,和B是抗炎剂,如氟轻松、曲安奈德、双氯酚酸、或萘普生。
在一些实施方案中,该前体药物选自与氟轻松共价结合的5FU(III)、与萘普生共价结合的5FU(IV)、和与双氯酚酸共价结合的5FU(V)。前体药物的实例包括:
5FU-氟轻松(III),
Figure A0281295600172
5FU-萘普生(IV),和
5FU-双氯酚酸(V)。
本发明另一方面涉及被涂布的药物装置。例如,在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了一种具有粘附在至少一个表面上的涂层的药物装置,其中所说的涂层包括主题聚合物基质和低溶解度的前体药物。该类涂层可被应用到手术器具如螺钉、板、衬垫、缝合线、假体锚凹、平头钉、U型钉、电导线、瓣膜、膜。该装置可以是导管、可植入的血管进入端口、血液储袋、血道、中央静脉导管、动脉导管、血管移植物、主动脉内气囊泵、心脏瓣膜、心血管缝合线、人造心脏、起搏器、心室助泵、体外装置、血液过滤器、血液透析装置、血灌注(hemoperfasion)装置、血浆去除装置、适于在血管中使用的过滤器。
在一个优选的实施方案中,该涂层可以被应用到血管斯滕特固定模上。在某些情况中,特别是在该斯滕特固定模是可扩张的斯滕特固定模的情况中,该涂层是柔软的以适应该斯滕特固定模的压缩和扩张状态。
在某些实施方案中,可归因于该前体药物的涂层的重量为每cm2被所说聚合物基质所涂布表面约0.05mg至约50mg前体药物,并且更优选地为5至25mg/cm2
在某些实施方案中,该涂层的厚度为5微米至100微米。
在某些实施方案中,存在于该涂层中的前体药物的数量为该涂层重量的5%至70%重量,并且更优选地为25%至50%重量。
本发明的另一方面还提供了一种对患者的管腔内组织进行处理的方法。一般而言,该方法包括的步骤有:
(a)提供一种具有内表面和外表面的斯滕特固定模,所说的斯滕特固定模在其内表面、外表面的至少一个部分上或在内表面和内表面上都具有一种涂层;所说的涂层包含溶解或分散于生物学上可耐受的聚合物中的低溶解度的药学前体药物;
(b)将该斯滕特固定模放置在适当的管腔内组织部位上;和
(c)将该斯滕特固定模扩展开。
本发明另一方面涉及一种用于在体内将药物从药物装置的表面定位进行传递的涂层组合物。
该组合物包含一种聚合物基质和如上所述的低溶解度的前体药物。该涂层组合物可以以用于通过喷雾和/或将装置在该组合物中进行浸渍来进行应用到医学装置的表面上的液体或混悬液的形式被提供。在其它实施方案中,该涂层组合物是以粉末形式被提供的,一旦添加溶剂,其可以被重组成可通过喷雾和/或将装置在该组合物中进行浸渍来进行应用到医学装置表面的液体或混悬液的形式。
本发明另一方面涉及一种用于将药物传递给患者的可注射组合物。该组合物包括一种聚合物基质和如上所述的低溶解度的前体药物,并且其可以以适于通过针注射来进行传递的液体或混悬液形式被提供。
通过下面的详细说明,本发明另外的优点对本领域技术人员而言将会变得显而易见,其中仅表示了本发明的优选实施方案并通过完成本发明的最好实施方式的举例说明对其进行了描述。将意识到本发明能有其它和不同的实施方案,并且可以在各种方面对一些细节进行修改,所有这些都不会脱离本发明的范围。因此,附图和说明应当被认为本质上是要进行说明而不是要进行限制。
附图的简要说明
图1是前体药物从本发明的聚合物-前体药物分散体释放的时间-依赖性图。
图2是前体药物从本发明的聚合物-前体药物分散体释放的时间-依赖性图。
图3是本发明未展开的斯滕特固定模的侧面平面图。
图4是本发明已展开的斯滕特固定模的侧面平面图。
图5是TC-112从PVA涂布的载玻片上释放到pH 7.4的缓冲剂中的释放曲线。
图6是TC-112从硅氧烷-涂布的玻璃片上释放到pH 7.4的缓冲剂中的释放曲线。
图7是5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和曲安奈德(TA)从进行了涂布的插入物上的释放曲线。
图8是5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和曲安奈德(TA)从进行了涂布的插入物上的释放曲线。
图9说明了高剂量涂布的斯滕特固定模的体外释放方式。
图10表示了进行比较的移植的斯滕特固定模和未植入的斯滕特固定模之间药物释放曲线。
图11A和11B表示了γ辐射和血浆处理对药物释放的影响。组B:用血浆进行处理,用γ辐射进行处理。组C:不用血浆进行处理,用γ辐射进行处理。组D:用血浆进行处理,不用γ辐射进行处理。组F:不用血浆,不用γ辐射。
进行本发明的最好方式
本发明的详细说明
I. 定义
这里所用的术语“活性”指的是治疗或药理学活性。
术语“ED50”指的是产生50%最大响应或作用的药物剂量。
术语“IC50”指的是将生物学活性抑制50%的药物剂量。
术语“LD50”指的是有50%试验个体死亡的药物剂量。
术语“治疗指数”指的是用LD50/ED50来定义的药物治疗指数。
被本发明的方法所治疗的“患者”或“个体”可指的是人或非人的动物。
“生理学条件”描述了生物体内的条件,即体内条件。生理学条件包括体腔和器官的酸性和碱性环境、酶裂解、代谢、和其它生物学过程,并且优选地指的是脊椎动物如哺乳动物的生理学条件。
“LogP”指的是P(分配系数)的对数。P是测量该物质是如何在脂(油)和水之间进行分配的一种尺度。P本身是一个常数。其被定义为中性分子形式的化合物在水相中的浓度与化合物在不可溶混的溶剂中的浓度的比。
分配系数,P=[有机]/[水],其中[]=浓度
LogP=log10(分配系数)=log10P
实际上,LogP值将随着其测量条件和所选择的分配溶剂而变化。等于1的LogP值意味着有机相中的化合物浓度比水相中的浓度高10倍。logP值增加1表明与水相中的化合物相比,有机相中的化合物浓度增加了10倍。因此,logP值为3的化合物在水中的溶解比logP值为4的化合物高10倍并且logP值为3的化合物在水中的溶解度比logP值为5的化合物高100倍。一般认为logP值为7-10的化合物是低溶解度的化合物。
II. 实施方案实例
本发明提供了一种可以提供各种释放曲线的药物传递系统,例如,其可提供各种剂量和/或各种时间长度。因此,本发明满足了可提供可控的药物时间释放动力学,特别是可将所需的药物活性定位于所需部位附近并同时避免了与现有技术中的装置有关的并发症的可插入、可注射、可吸入、或可植入的药物传递系统的需要。
本发明的系统包括一种聚合物和分散在该聚合物中的具有低溶解度的前体药物。该聚合物对于该前体药物而言是可渗透的,并且基本不会限制该前体药物从该聚合物中释放的释放速率,并且提供了药物的持续释放。
一旦被给药,该系统就会持续将该前体药物供给到所需的活性部位,但并不一定需要另外向这些区域进行侵入性地渗入。作为替代,该系统留在体内并作为向受感染区域持续提供前体药物的来源。本发明的系统使得可以在特定的数天、数周、数月(例如约3个月至约6个月)或数年(例如约1年至约20年,如约5年至约10年)的时期内长期释放药物直至该前体药物被用尽。
管腔内的医学装置包含该缓释的药物传递涂层。本发明的斯滕特固定模涂层可以通过常规的涂布法而被应用到该斯滕特固定模上,其中所说的常规涂布法如浸渗涂布、喷涂和浸涂。
在一个实施方案中,管腔内的医学装置包含具有内腔表面和相对的沿着纵向斯滕特固定模轴延伸的外表面的放射状伸延的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模。该斯滕特固定模可包括永久的可植入的斯滕特固定模、可植入的接枝斯滕特固定模、或临时的斯滕特固定模,其中所说的临时的斯滕特固定模被定义为在脉管内可扩展的并且其后可从该脉管中抽出的斯滕特固定模。该斯滕特固定模结构可包括螺旋斯滕特固定模、记忆性螺旋斯滕特固定模、镍钛合金斯滕特固定模、网孔斯滕特固定模、骨架斯滕特固定模、套管斯滕特固定模、可渗透的斯滕特固定模、具有温度传感器的斯滕特固定模、多孔的斯滕特固定模等等。该斯滕特固定模可以用常规方法来进行展开,如可以通过可膨胀的气囊导管、通过自动展开机理(在从导管中释放出来后)、或通过其它适宜方法来展开。该放射状伸延的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模可以是一种接枝斯滕特固定模,其中所说的接枝斯滕特固定模是一种在一种移植物内部或外部具有斯滕特固定模的复合装置。该移植物可以是一种血管移植物,如ePTFE移植物、生物学移植物、或织制的移植物。
该药物组合可以通过许多方法被混入到或附着到该斯滕特固定模上。在一个实例性实施方案中,该药物组合被直接混入到聚合物基质中并被喷洒到该斯滕特固定模的外表面上。随着时间的流逝,该药物组合从该聚合物基质上洗脱下来并进入到周围组织中。该药物组合优选地在该斯滕特固定模上保留至少三天到高至约六个月,并且更优选地保留七至三十天。
该前体药物缓慢地溶解于生理性流体中,但是一旦溶解于生理性流体中则相对迅速地解离成至少一种药物学活性化合物。在一些实施方案中,该前体药物的溶解速度为约0.001μg/天至约10μg/天。在某些实施方案中,该前体药物具有约0.01至约1μg/天的溶解速率。在特定的实施方案中,该前体药物具有约0.1μg/天的溶解速率。
该低溶解度的药学前体药物被混入到一种生理学可相容(即,生理学可耐受的)聚合物载体中。在本发明的一些实施方案中,该低溶解度的前体药物是以分散在该聚合物载体中的许多颗粒的形式存在的。在该类情况中,优选地该低溶解度的药学前体药物在聚合物载体中相对不溶,不管该低溶解度的药学前体药物相对于该聚合物载体而言具有怎样有限的溶解度系数,其仍然在本发明的范围内。在两种情况的任何一种情况中,该低溶解度药学前体药物的聚合物载体溶解度应当是该前体药物将分散在该聚合物载体的各处而同时仍然基本为颗粒形式的溶解度。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,该低溶解度的药学前体药物被溶解在该聚合物载体内。在该类情况中,优选地该聚合物载体是可作为该相对疏水的低溶解度药学前体药物的良好溶剂的相对而言是相对非极性的或疏水的聚合物。在该类情况中,在该聚合物载体中的低溶解度药学前体药物的溶解度应当是该前体药物将完全溶解于该聚合物载体中的溶解度,药物将均匀地分布在该聚合物载体内。
本发明的聚合物包括任何生物学可耐受的聚合物,该聚合物对于该前体药物而言是可渗透的并且同时具有一种不是该前体药物从该聚合物中释放的释放速率的主要速率决定因素的渗透性。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,该聚合物是不可生物侵蚀的。用于本发明的不可生物侵蚀的聚合物的实例包括聚(乙烯-共-醋酸乙烯酯)(EVA)、聚乙烯醇和聚氨酯,如聚碳酸酯-基础的聚氨酯。在本发明的其它实施方案中,该聚合物是可生物侵蚀的。用于本发明的可生物侵蚀的聚合物的实例包括聚酐、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚原酸酯、聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯或它们的衍生物和共聚物。如下面详细描述的那样,熟练技术人员将意识到选择生物侵蚀性的聚合物还是选择非生物侵蚀性的聚合物将取决于该系统最后的物理形式。聚合物的其它实例包括聚硅氧烷和得自透明质酸的聚合物。熟练技术人员将明白本发明的聚合物是在适于赋予其一种使其不是该低溶解度前体药物从该聚合物中释放的主要速率决定因素的渗透性的条件下来进行制备的。
此外,适宜的聚合物包括可以与体液和哺乳动物组织在生物学上相容并在该聚合物将与其进行接触的体液中基本不溶的天然存在的(胶原、透明质酸等等)或合成的材料。此外,适宜的聚合物基本可以阻止该分散/混悬于该聚合物中的低溶解度的前体药物和体液中的蛋白质组分之间的相互作用。因为聚合物的溶解或与蛋白质组分的相互作用将影响药物释放的持久性,所以在某些情况中避免使用迅速溶解的聚合物或在体液中具有高溶解度的聚合物或使得该低溶解度的前体药物与蛋白质组分相互作用的聚合物。
其它适宜的聚合物包括聚丙烯、聚酯、聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(PVA或EVA)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、聚氧化丙烯、聚羧酸、聚烷基丙烯酸酯、纤维素醚、硅酮、聚(dl-丙交酯-共乙交酯)、各种Eudragrits(例如,NE30D、RS PO和RL PO)、聚烷基-烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚酯-聚氨酯嵌段共聚物、聚醚-聚氨酯嵌段共聚物、聚二噁酮、聚-(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己酸内酯、聚乙醇酸、和PEO-PLA共聚物。
本发明的涂层可以通过将一种或多种适宜的单体和适宜的低溶解度的药学前体药物进行混合,然后将该单体聚合形成该聚合物系统而形成的。因此,该前体药物被溶解或分散于该聚合物中。在其它实施方案中,该前体药物被混到一种液态聚合物或聚合物分散体中,然后将该聚合物进一步加工成本发明的涂层。适宜的进一步加工包括与适宜交联前体药物进行交联、该液态聚合物或聚合物分散体的进一步聚合、与适宜单体的共聚、与适宜聚合物嵌段的嵌段共聚等等。该进一步的加工可将该药物捕获在该聚合物中从而使得该药物被混悬或分散在该聚合物载体中。
可以与该药物组合联合使用任何数目不可侵蚀的聚合物。在这种应用中可用于进行涂布的成膜聚合物是可被吸收或不可被吸收的并且必需是可生物相容的以将对脉管壁的刺激降低到最低的程度。根据所需的释放速率或所需聚合物的稳定程度,该聚合物是生物学稳定的或生物学上可吸收的,但是优选生物可吸收的聚合物,这是因为其与生物学稳定的聚合物不同,其在被植入后不会长期存在,从而不会造成任何不利的慢性局部反应。此外,生物可吸收的聚合物不存在在过长的时间内其会由于可以使该涂层移动的生物环境压力而造成该斯滕特固定模和涂层之间的粘合力下降并且甚至在该斯滕特固定模被包埋在组织中后也会产生进一步的问题的风险。
可用于本发明的适宜的可生物吸收的成膜聚合物包括选自脂族聚酯、聚(氨基酸)、(醚-酯类)共聚物、聚亚烷基草酸酯、聚酰胺类、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯)、聚原酸酯、聚草酸酯类(polyoxaesters)、聚酰氨基酯类、包含酰氨基的聚草酸酯类、聚(酸酐)、含磷氮链聚合物、生物分子和其混合物的聚合物。对于本发明的目的而言,脂族聚酯包括丙交酯(其包括乳酸d-、1-和内消旋型丙交酯)、ε-己内酯、乙交酯(包括乙醇酸)、羟基丁酸酯、羟基戊酸酯、对-二噁酮、三亚甲基碳酸酯(以及其烷基衍生物)、1,4-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮、1,5-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮、6,6-二甲基-1,4-二噁烷-2-酮的均聚物和共聚物以及其聚合物混合物。用于本发明目的的聚(亚氨基碳酸酯)包括如Kemnitzer和Kohn,在“可生物降解的聚合物手册”,Domb,Kost和Wisemen编辑,HardwoodAcademic Press,1997,251-272页中所描述的物质。用于本发明目的的(醚-酯类)共聚物包括这些由Cohn在Journal of BiomaterialsResearch,第22卷,993-1009页,1988和Younes and Cohn,PolymerPreprints(ACS Division of Polymer Chemistry)第30卷(1),498页,1989中所描述共聚的酯-醚类(例如PEO/PLA)。用于本发明目的的聚亚烷基草酸酯包括US 4,208,511;4,141,087;4,130,639;4,140,678;4,105,034;和4,205,399中所述的物质(其在这里被引入作为参考)。含磷氮链聚合物、由L-丙交酯、D,L-丙交酯、乳酸、乙交酯、乙醇酸、对-二噁酮、三亚甲基碳酸酯和ε-己内酯制得的以二-、三-和更高次序的混合单体为基础的聚合物,如由Allcock在TheEncyclopedia of Polymer Science,第13卷,31-41页,WileyIntersciences,John Wiley & Sons,1988和由Vandorpe,Schacht,Dejardin and Lemmouchi在可生物降解的聚合物手册,Domb,Kost和Wisemen编辑,Hardwood Academic Press,1997,161-182页中所描述的物质(其在这里被引入作为参考)。聚酐得自形式为HOOC-C6H4-O-(CH2)m-O-C6H4-COOH的二酸,其中m是从2至8的整数,以及其与具有高至12个碳原子的脂族α-ω二酸的共聚物。聚草酸酯类聚草酰胺和包含胺和/或酰氨基基团的聚草酸酯类在US5,464,929;5,595,751;5,597,579;5,607,687;5,618,552;5,620,698;5,645,850;5,648,088;5,698,213和5,700,583中的一篇或几篇中进行了描述(其在这里被引入作为参考)。聚原酸酯类如这些由Heller在可生物降解的聚合物手册,Domb,Kost和Wisemen编辑,HardwoodAcademic Press,1997,99-118页(其在这里被引入作为参考)中所描述的物质。用于本发明目的的成膜聚合生物分子包括在人体内可以被酶降解或在人体内水解不稳定的天然存在的材料,如纤维蛋白、纤维蛋白原、胶原、弹性蛋白、和可吸收的生物可相容的多糖如壳聚糖、淀粉、脂肪酸(及其酯)、葡萄糖基(glucoso)-聚糖类和透明质酸。
还可以使用具有相对低的、慢的组织响应的适宜的生物学稳定的成膜聚合物如聚氨酯类、硅酮、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯类、聚酯类、聚环氧烷类(聚环氧乙烷)、聚乙烯醇类、聚乙二醇类和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,以及水凝胶类,如这些由交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚酯形成的物质。如果其可以被溶解、固化或聚合在该斯滕特固定模上,则也可以使用其它聚合物。这些物质包括聚烯烃类、聚异丁烯和乙烯-α烯烃共聚物;丙烯酸类聚合物(包括甲基丙烯酸酯)和共聚物、乙烯基卤化物聚合物和共聚物,如聚氯乙稀;聚乙烯基醚,如聚乙烯基甲基醚;聚亚乙烯基卤化物如聚偏二氟乙烯和聚偏二氯乙烯;聚丙烯腈,聚乙烯基酮;聚乙烯基芳族化合物如聚苯乙烯;聚乙烯基酯类如聚醋酸乙烯酯;乙烯基单体彼此或其与烯烃类的共聚物,如乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、丙烯腈苯乙烯共聚物、ABS树脂和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;聚酰胺,如Nylon 66和聚己内酰胺;醇酸树脂;聚碳酸酯;聚氧化甲烯;聚酰亚胺类;聚醚类;环氧树脂类,聚氨酯类;人造丝;人造丝-三醋酸酯、纤维素、醋酸纤维素、醋酸丁酸纤维素;玻璃纸;硝酸纤维素;丙酸纤维素;纤维素醚类(即羧甲基纤维素和羟烷基纤维素);以及它们的组合。用于本申请目的的聚酰胺类还包括形式为-NH-(CH2)n-CO-和NH-(CH2)x-NH-CO-(CH2)y-CO的聚酰胺,其中n优选地是从6至13的整数;x是从6至12的整数;和y是从4至16的整数。上面所列出的物质是用于进行说明而不是用于进行限制。
用于进行涂布的聚合物可以是具有足够高分子量以使其不是蜡状或发粘的物质的成膜聚合物。该聚合物还应能粘附到该斯滕特固定模上并且在沉积到该斯滕特固定模上后在被血液动力学应力移位方面不易变形。该聚合物的分子量应足够高以提供足够的韧性从而使得该聚合物在进行操作或该斯滕特固定模的展开期间不会被擦掉并且在该斯滕特固定模膨胀的过程中必需不会破裂。在某些实施方案中,该聚合物具有高于40℃的熔化温度,其熔化温度优选地高于约45℃,更优选地高于50℃并且最优选地高于55℃。
涂层可以通过将一种或多种治疗性前体药物与该涂层聚合物在涂层混合物中进行混合来进行制备。该治疗性前体药物可以以液体、分割地很细的固体、或任何其它适宜的物理形式存在。该混合物可以包括或不包括一种或多种添加剂,例如无毒的辅助物质如稀释剂、载体、赋形剂、稳定剂等等。其它适宜的添加剂可以与该聚合物和药学活性的前体药物或化合物一起进行制备。例如,可以向生物可相容的疏水性涂层中加入选自上面所列的生物可相容的成膜聚合物的亲水性聚合物以改变释放曲线(或可以向亲水性涂层中加入疏水性聚合物以改变释放曲线)。一个实例是向脂族聚酯涂层中添加选自聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素及其组合物的亲水性聚合物以改变释放曲线。可以通过对该治疗性前体药物的体外和/或体内释放曲线进行监测来决定适宜的相对量。
该涂层的厚度可以决定该活性药物(活性药物类)或前体药物从该基质中洗脱出来的速率。实际上,该活性药物(活性药物类)或前体药物是通过经由该聚合物基质进行扩散而从基质中被洗脱出来的。聚合物是可渗透的,从而使得固体、液体和气体可以从其中逸出。该聚合物基质的总厚度在一微米至约二十微米或更厚的范围内。注意在将该聚合物基质附着于该医学装置上之前进行底层和金属表面处理是很重要的。例如,可以用酸清洗、强碱(碱)清洗、盐化和聚对亚苯基二甲基沉积作为所述的全过程的一部分。
在某些实施方案中,可以使用复合涂层。例如,各种涂层可以在前体药物浓度、前体药物特性(活性成分、连接物等等)、聚合物基质的特性(组成、孔隙率等等)和/或其它药物或释放改性剂的存在情况方面有所不同。
为了进一步进行说明,可以以许多方式将聚(乙烯-共-醋酸乙烯酯)、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯和药物组合溶液混入到该斯滕特固定模中或该斯滕特固定模上。例如,该溶液可以被喷洒到该斯滕特固定模上或该斯滕特固定模可以被浸入到该溶液中。其它方法包括旋涂和RF等离子聚合。在一个实例性实施方案中,该溶液被喷洒到该斯滕特固定模上,然后被进行干燥。在另一个实例性实施方案中,该溶液被荷电成一种极性而该斯滕特固定模被荷电成相反的极性。通过这种方式,该溶液和斯滕特固定模将彼此吸引。在使用这种类型的喷涂方法时,可以降低浪费并可以更精确地对该涂层的厚度进行控制。
在另一个实例性实施方案中,该药物组合或其它治疗性前体药物可以被混入到一种包含一定数量的第一部分和一定数量的与第一部分共聚的第二部分的成膜聚氟共聚物中,从而产生聚氟共聚物;其中所说的的一部分选自聚合的偏二氟乙烯和聚合的四氟乙烯,所说的第二部分不同于第一部分,并能为该聚氟共聚物提供韧性或弹性,其中的一部分和第二部分的相对数量能有效提供由其而产生的具有用于处理该可植入的医学装置的性质的涂层和膜。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明管腔内医学装置的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模的外表面包含本发明的涂层。该具有涂层的斯滕特固定模的外表面是与组织进行接触的表面并且是生物可相容的。“进行了涂布的缓释药物传递系统表面”是“被涂布的表面”的同义词,该表面被本发明的缓释药物传递系统所涂布、覆盖或浸渍。
在一个供选择的实施方案中,本发明管腔内医学装置的放射状延伸的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模的内腔表面或整个表面(即内表面和外表面)具有被涂布的表面。具有本发明缓释药物传递系统涂层的内腔表面也是与液体相接触的表面,并且其是可生物相容和可与血液相容的。
US 5,773,019、6,001,386和6,051,576公开了可植入的控制释放的装置和药物,其在这里都被全部引入作为参考。本发明用于制备一种具有被涂布的表面的斯滕特固定模的方法包括将一种涂层沉积在该斯滕特固定模上,例如通过浸涂或喷涂来进行制备。在对该斯滕特固定模的一侧进行涂布的情况中,仅仅将该被进行涂布的表面进行浸渍或喷洒。被处理的表面可以是该管腔内医学装置内腔表面、外表面、或内表面和外表面的全部或一部分。该斯滕特固定模可以由多孔的材料制成以使得更多的沉积物或涂层进入到多个微孔中或可应用的斯滕特固定模表面上,其中所说的微孔的大小优选地为约100微米或更小。
可以通过对用于对该医学装置进行涂布的药学前体药物进行选择来解决与再狭窄(restinosis)和新内膜增生的治疗有关的问题。在本发明某些优选的实施方案中,所选择的药学前体药物是一种低溶解度部分并包含至少两种药学活性的化合物。该药学活性的化合物可以是相同或不同类型的化学药品,并且可以根据需要在该化合物的相对活性和其它药动学性质的基础上以等摩尔或不等摩尔的浓度来形成以提供最佳的治疗。药物组合,特别是在使用复合药物的情况中的药物组合本身在生理学液体如血液和血浆中可有利地相对不溶,并且具有当溶解于生理学液体中时可以重新产生任何或所有的药学活性化合物的性质。换言之,就该低溶解度的前体药物溶解于生理学液体中的程度而言,其一旦溶解则迅速有效地被转化成组成其的药学活性化合物。因此,该药学前体药物的低溶解度确保了该前体药物能持续存在于管腔内的损害附近。该低溶解度的药学前体药物可迅速转化成其组成的药学活性化合物确保了药学活性化合物在所治疗的损害位置附近的稳定的受控的给药。
适宜的第一种药学活性化合物的实例包括免疫响应改性剂如环胞菌素A和FK 506、皮质类固醇如地塞米松、氟轻松和曲安奈德、抑制血管的甾类物质如三羟基甾类物质、包括环丙沙星在内的抗生素、分化调节剂如类维生素A类物质(例如,反式-视黄酸、顺式-视黄酸以及类似物)、抗癌剂/抗增剂前体药物如5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和BCNU、以及非甾体抗炎药前体药物如萘普生、双氯酚酸、消炎痛和氟比洛芬。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,优选的第一药学活性化合物是5FU。
                  5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU).
适宜的第二药学活性化合物的实例包括免疫响应改性剂如环胞菌素A和FK 506、皮质类固醇如地塞米松、氟轻松和曲安奈德、抑制血管的甾类物质如三羟基甾类物质、包括环丙沙星在内的抗生素、分化调节剂如类维生素A类物质(例如,反式-视黄酸、顺式-视黄酸以及类似物)、抗癌剂/抗增生剂前体药物如5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和BCNU、以及非甾体抗炎药前体药物如萘普生、双氯酚酸、消炎痛和氟比洛芬。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,第二药学活性化合物选自氟轻松、曲安奈德、双氯酚酸、以及萘普生。
         曲安奈德                     双氯酚酸
                        萘普生
本发明低溶解度药学活性的前体药物可包含另外的药学活性化合物的残基。该类另外的药学活性化合物包括免疫响应改性剂如环胞菌素A和FK 506、皮质类固醇如地塞米松、氟轻松和曲安奈德、抑制血管的甾类物质如三羟基甾类物质、包括环丙沙星在内的抗生素、分化调节剂如类维生素A类物质(例如,反式-视黄酸、顺式-视黄酸以及类似物)、抗癌剂/抗增生剂前体药物如5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和BCNU、以及非甾体抗炎药前体药物如萘普生、双氯酚酸、消炎痛和氟比洛芬。
在某些实施方案中,该低溶解度的药学前体药物包含一种至少两种药学活性化合物部分,所说的两种药学活性化合物部分通过一种连接物、离子键结合、或混合结合形式被共价键合、连接。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,该第一和第二药学活性化合物直接彼此共价结合。在第一和第二药学活性化合物和通过一种共价键彼此直接结合的情况中,该键可以通过在各活性化合物上活性基团间形成适宜的共价连接来形成。例如,第一药学活性化合物上的酸性基团可以于第二药学活性化合物上的胺、酸或醇缩合从而分别形成相应的酰胺、酸酐或酯。
除羧酸、胺和羟基基团外,可在药学活性部分之间形成连接的其它适宜的活性基团包括磺酰基、巯基、和氢卤酸以及羧酸的酸酐衍生物。
在其它实施方案中,药学活性化合物可以通过一种中间连接物彼此共价相连。该连接物有利地具有两个活性基团,所说两个活性基团中的一个可以与第一药学活性化合物上的活性基团互补,而另一个可以与第二药学活性化合物上的活性基团互补。例如,在所说的第一和第二药学活性化合物都具有游离羟基的情况中,该连接物可以适宜地是一种二酸,其将可以与两种化合物进行反应从而在两个残基之间形成一种二醚键。除羧酸、胺和羟基基团外,可以在药学活性部分之间形成连接的其它适宜活性基团包括磺酰基、巯基、和氢卤酸以及羧酸的酸酐衍生物。
将适宜的连接物列于下面的表1中。
表1
第一药学活性化合物活性基团 第二药学活性化合物活性基团 适宜连接物
二酸
羟基 二酸
羟基 二酸
羟基 羟基 二酸
二胺
羟基 氨基酸、羟烷基酸、巯基烷基酸
氨基酸、羟烷基酸、巯基烷基酸
适宜的二酸连接物包括草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、和对苯二甲酸类。虽然被称为二酸,但本领域技术人员应当意识到在某些情况中,在连接复前体药物(reprodrug)时优选相应的酰基卤或酸酐(单侧或双侧)。一种优选的酸酐是琥珀酸酐。另一种优选的酸酐是马来酸酐。本领域技术人员可以使用其它酸酐和/或酰基卤来获得良好的作用。
适宜的氨基酸包括γ-丁酸、2-氨基乙酸、3-氨基丙酸、4-氨基丁酸、5-氨基戊酸、6-氨基己酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天门冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸。在将其用作连接基团之前,该适宜的氨基酸的酸基团又可以被转化成酸酐或酰基卤形式。
适宜的二胺包括1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,5-二氨基戊烷、1,6-二氨基己烷。
适宜的氨基醇包括2-羟基-1-氨基乙烷、3-羟基-1-氨基乙烷、4-羟基-1-氨基丁烷、5-羟基-1-氨基戊烷、6-羟基-1-氨基己烷。
适宜的羟基烷基酸包括2-羟基乙酸、3-羟基丙酸、4-羟基丁酸、5-羟基戊酸、5-羟基己酸。
本领域技术人员将意识到可以对具有适宜活性基团的第一和第二药学部分(和存在或不存在的第三等药学部分)进行筛选,并且通过将其与适宜的连接物进行匹配,在本发明的范围内可以制备出许多宽的一套本发明的化合物。
优选的低溶解度的药学活性前体药物的实例包括与氟轻松共价结合的5FU,与双氯酚酸共价结合的5FU,和与萘普生共价结合的5FU。解释性的实例包括如下的物质:
Figure A0281295600321
             5FU-氟轻松(通过草酸酯连接物)。
Figure A0281295600322
             5FU-萘普生
             5FU-双氯酚酸
其它复合药物的实例包括如下的物质:
Figure A0281295600331
5-TC-70.1(氟轻松与5-FU通过甲醛连接相连的复合药物)
Figure A0281295600332
5-TC-63.1(萘普生与氟尿苷通过含氧酸连接相连的复合药物)
3-TC-112(萘普生与5-FU通过甲醛连接相连的复合药物)
Figure A0281295600334
G-427.1(曲安奈德与5-FU的直接相连的复合药物)
TC-32(曲安奈德与5-FU通过甲醛连接相连的复合药物)
通过不同连接将第一和第二药学活性化合物相连的一些复合药物的实例包括:
Figure A0281295600341
           氟尿苷与双氯酚酸的复合药物(1∶1)
Figure A0281295600342
           氟尿苷与双氯酚酸的复合药物(1∶2)
           氟尿苷与氟轻松的复合药物(1∶1)
Figure A0281295600352
           氟尿苷与氟轻松的复合药物(1∶1)
Figure A0281295600361
           氟尿苷与氟轻松的复合药物(1∶1)
           氟尿苷与萘普生的复合药物(1∶1)
           氟尿苷与萘普生的复合药物(1∶2)
在其它实施方案中,所说的第一和第二药学活性化合物可以结合形成一种盐。例如,第一药学活性化合物可以是一种酸,并且第二药学活性化合物可以是一种碱,如胺。作为一个特定的实例,该第一药学活性化合物可以是双氯酚酸或萘普生(酸类),和该第二药学活性化合物可以是环丙沙星(一种碱)。双氯酚酸和环丙沙星的组合物例如将形成如下的盐:
                   环丙沙星-双氯酚酸
对于以所需方式,例如在一些实施方案中以恒定或基本为线性的方式传递前体药物的本发明的系统而言,药物的溶解度和聚合物的渗透性必需是平衡的以使得该聚合物的渗透性在药物的传递中不是决定速率的主要因素。因此,该前体药物的释放速率基本是该前体药物在周围水性介质中溶解的速率。这种释放速率几乎基本上与时间成线性(所谓的零级动力学)。
本发明的系统可以通过将一种或多种适宜的单体和适宜的低溶解度的药学前体药物进行混合,然后将单体聚合形成该聚合体系来形成。这样,该前体药物就被溶解或分散于该聚合物中。在其它实施方案中,该前体药物被混合到一种液态聚合物或聚合物分散体中,然后对该聚合物进行进一步的处理从而形成本发明的系统。适宜的进一步的处理包括与适宜的交联前体药物的交联、该液态聚合物或聚合物分散体的进一步聚合、与适宜单体的共聚、与适宜聚合物段的嵌段共聚等等。该进一步的处理可将该药物捕获在该聚合物中从而使得药物被混悬或分散于该聚合物基质中。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,可以将用于形成聚合物的单体与本发明低溶解度的化合物相结合并将其混合以制备本发明化合物在单体溶液中的均匀的分散体。然后,根据常规的涂布法将该分散体应用到斯滕特固定模上,之后,用常规引发剂如UV线来开始交联过程。在本发明的其它实施方案中,将该聚合物组合物与本发明低溶解度的化合物相结合以形成一种分散体。然后将该分散体应用到斯滕特固定模上,并将该聚合物进行交联从而形成一种固体涂层。在本发明的其它实施方案中,将聚合物和本发明低溶解度的化合物与适宜的溶剂进行合并从而形成一种分散体,然后以常规方式将其应用到斯滕特固定模上。然后用常规方法如热蒸发来除去溶剂,结果,(一起形成缓释的药物传递系统的)该聚合物和本发明低溶解度的药物以涂层形式留在该斯滕特固定模上。在将本发明低溶解度的药学化合物溶解于该聚合物组合物中的情况中可以使用类似的方法。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,该系统包含一种相对坚硬的聚合物。在其它实施方案中,该系统包含一种柔软并有延展性的聚合物。还是在其它实施方案中,该系统包括一种具有粘着性的聚合物。正如在下面详细讨论的那样,根据该系统特定的最终物理形式,该聚合物的硬度、弹性、粘着性、以及其它特性可以在很宽的范围内变化。
本发明该系统的实施方案可以有许多不同的形式。在一些实施方案中,该系统包括低溶解度的前体药物,即混悬或分散于该聚合物中的前体药物。在某些其它实施方案中,该系统包括前体药物和半固态或凝胶形式的聚合物,其适于通过注射器被注射到体内。在本发明的其它实施方案中,该系统包括前体药物和柔软-可变形的聚合物,其适于通过适宜的手术方法被插入或植入到体内。还是在本发明另一些实施方案中,该系统包括硬的固态聚合物,其适于通过适宜的手术方法被插入或植入到体内。在本发明另外的实施方案中,该系统包含具有混悬或溶解于其中的低溶解度前体药物的适于吸入的聚合物。在另外的实施方案中,该系统包含具有混悬或分散于其中的前体药物的聚合物,其中所说的前体药物和聚合物的混合物可在手术器具上形成一种涂层,其中所说的手术器具如螺钉、斯滕特固定模、起搏器等等。在本发明特定的实施方案中,该装置由一种硬固体聚合物所组成,其被成形成手术器具如手术螺钉、板、斯滕特固定模等等或其一部分的形式。在本发明的其它实施方案中,该系统包括一种聚合物,该聚合物是具有分散或混悬于其中的药物的缝合线的形式。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,提供了一种包含具有表面如外表面的底物和在该外表面上的涂层的医学装置。该涂层包含一种聚合物和分散在该聚合物中的具有低溶解度的前体药物,其中所说的聚合物对于该前体药物而言是可渗透的并且对于该前体药物从聚合物中的释放速率而言基本不是释放速率的限制因素。在本发明的某些实施方案中,该装置包含混悬或分散于适宜聚合物中的前体药物,其中该前体药物和聚合物被涂布到整个底物例如手术器具上。可以通过喷涂或浸涂来完成该类涂布。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,该装置包含一种前体药物和聚合物混悬液或分散体,其中所说的聚合物是坚硬的,并且形成被插入或植入到体内的装置的组成部分。例如,在本发明的特定实施方案中,该装置是用混悬或分散于在该聚合物中的前体药物进行了涂布的手术螺钉、斯滕特固定模、起搏器等等。在本发明另一个特定的实施方案中,其中混悬有前体药物的该聚合物形成一种手术螺钉的尖端、帽或其一部分。在本发明的其它实施方案中,其中混悬或分散有前体药物的该聚合物被涂布到一种手术器具如手术管(如结肠造口术、腹膜灌洗、导管和静脉内管)上。还是在本发明另一个实施方案中,该装置是具有聚合物和涂布于其上的前体药物(例如抗凝剂的前体药物如肝素或其复合药物)的静脉内的针。
正如上面所讨论的那样,本发明的装置包含可生物侵蚀或不可生物侵蚀的聚合物。选择可生物侵蚀还是不可生物侵蚀的聚合物是以该体系或装置所需的最终应用为基础而作出的。在本发明的一些实施方案中,该聚合物有利地是可生物侵蚀的。例如,在该系统是手术可植入装置如螺钉、斯滕特固定模、起博器等等上的涂层的情况中,该聚合物有利地是可生物侵蚀的。本发明其中该聚合物有利地是生物可侵蚀性聚合物的其它实施方案包括的装置是在聚合物中的前体药物的可植入、可吸入或可注射的混悬液或分散体,其中不使用另外的部件(如螺钉或锚凹)。
在本发明一些其中该聚合物的可渗透性和生物侵蚀性差的实施方案中,该聚合物生物侵蚀的速率有利地远远慢于药物的释放速率,从而使得在药物被释放后相当长的时期内该聚合物仍然留在原位,但是其最终会被生物侵蚀并被吸收到周围组织中。例如,在该装置是包含混悬或分散于一种生物可侵蚀的聚合物中的药物的生物可侵蚀的缝合线的情况中,该聚合物的生物侵蚀速率有利地慢到足以使药物可以在约3至14天的时间内以线性方式进行释放,而该缝合线将持续存在约三周至约六个月的时间。本发明的类似装置包括包含混悬或分散于一种生物可侵蚀聚合物中的前体药物的手术用U型钉。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,该聚合物生物侵蚀的速率有利地与药物释放速率是相同的级数。例如,在该系统包含混悬或分散于被涂布到手术器具上的聚合物中的前体药物的情况中,该聚合物有利地以可以使得随着时间的流逝,直接与周围机体组织接触的前体药物的表面积基本保持恒定的速率被生物侵蚀,其中所说的手术器具如矫形用螺钉、斯滕特固定模、起搏器、或不可生物侵蚀的缝合线。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,该聚合物是不可生物侵蚀的,或者仅以比该低溶解度的药学前体药物的溶解速率低的速率被生物侵蚀,并且颗粒的直径是使得当该涂层被应用到斯滕特固定模上时,该颗粒的表面暴露于周围组织的直径。在该类实施方案中,该低溶解度前体药物的溶解与该颗粒所暴露的表面积成比例。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,该聚合物载体对于周围组织例如血浆中的水而言是可渗透的。在该类情况中,水溶液可以渗透到该聚合物中,从而接触到该低溶解度的药学前体药物。可以通过多种变量来对溶出速率进行控制,其中所说的变量如聚合物的渗透性、该低溶解度药学前体药物的溶解度、生理学液体的pH、离子浓度、以及蛋白质组成等等。但是,在某些实施方案中,可以对渗透性进行调节以使得主要通过该低溶解度药学前体药物在周围液相中的溶解度来对溶出速率进行控制,或在一些情况中几乎完全是通过这种方法来对溶出速率进行控制的。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,该聚合物不可生物侵蚀的。不可生物侵蚀的聚合物在该系统包括将被涂布到手术器具或形成该手术器具的组成部分的聚合物的情况中尤其有用,其中所说的手术器具适于被永久或半永久地插入或植入到体内。其中该聚合物有利地形成手术装置上的永久涂层的装置实例包括矫形用螺钉、斯滕特固定模、关节修复物、人工瓣膜、永久的缝合线、起搏器等等。
本发明的手术系统是以适于发挥所需疗效的方式被使用的。例如,在本发明的一些实施方案中,给药方式有利地是注射给药。在该类情况中,该系统是一种液体,通过将该系统吸入到注射器的管内并通过针将其注射到所需部位来将该系统引入到所需的部位。该类给药方式适于肌内注射,例如杀微生物剂缓释制剂的肌内注射,其中所说的杀微生物剂包括抗生素、抗病毒剂、和甾类物质。在需要激素类物质缓释治效的情况中也可以使用这种给药方式,其中所说的激素类物质如甲状腺药物、控制生育的前体药物、用于雌激素治疗的雌激素等等。熟练的临床医师将意识到这种给药方式适于各种治疗环境,并且将可以通过对特定聚合物和系统的药物进行调整以获得所需疗效。
在给药方式是注射给药的本发明的实施方案中,该体系有利地是混悬或分散于粘性聚合物载体中的相对非极性的药物。在该类情况中,该系统是一种非极性药物在液态聚合物载体中的稳定的混悬液或分散体。该聚合物载体有利地是不可生物侵蚀的或将以低于药物扩散到周围组织中的速率被生物侵蚀。在该类情况中,相对于周围组织而言,该系统适当地留在原地,防止药物过早地释放到周围组织中。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,该系统是混悬或分散于一种液态聚合物中的相对非极性的液体。在该类情况中,该系统进一步包含可以使得该相对非极性的药物在该聚合物内维持稳定的分散状态的乳化剂。该聚合物载体有利地是不可生物侵蚀的或者以低于药物扩散速率的速率被生物侵蚀,从而使得在药物释放的整个时期,相对于周围组织而言该系统都能维持药物的定位。
本发明系统的确切性质将取决于所需的治疗应用、被混入到该系统中的药物在生理条件下的物理状态等等。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,本发明的系统有利地是适于植入,例如皮下植入等的一定形状和形式的固体装置。在本发明的一些实施方案中,该系统是伸延的卵形体形状,前体药物是非极性的药物,如激素,并且该聚合物是一种固体聚合物,该聚合物的渗透性是使得其不是限制药物释放速率的主要速率决定因素的渗透性。在本发明的特定实施方案中,该聚合物是可生物侵蚀的。在本发明的其它实施方案中,该聚合物是不可生物侵蚀的。
在其中该装置包含一种底物和位于该底物上的涂层的本发明实施方案中,如在螺钉、斯滕特固定模、起搏器、关节修复物等等情况中,该装置基本以相关现有技术中手术器具的方式被应用。例如,包含用含有混悬或分散于聚合物中的低溶解度的前体药物的组合物进行涂布的螺钉的本发明装置以与现有技术中螺钉的使用方式相同的方式被拧到骨中,其中所说的低溶解度的前体药物如抗生物或FU-萘普生。然后,本发明的螺钉以持续时间的方式将药物缓释到环绕着该装置的组织如肌肉、骨、血液等等中,从而提供了治疗益处,如抗菌、抗炎和抗病毒作用。
在本说明书和所附的权利要求中所用的“缓释”指的是通过速率动力学进行释放,对于药物的释放速率而言,聚合物的渗透性不是限速因素。
在其中该装置是一种前体药物和聚合物已经被作为组成部分混入到其中的手术器具的本发明的实施方案中,该聚合物有利地是一种具有适于该装置的特定应用的物理性质的固体。例如,在该装置是缝合线的情况中,该聚合物将具有适用于特定手术情况的强度和生物可侵蚀性。在该装置是螺钉、斯滕特固定模等等的情况中,该聚合物有利地是一种可形成该手术器具的至少一部分的坚硬固体。在本发明的特定实施方案中,如在该系统是关节修复物的一部分的情况中,该聚合物有利地是不可生物侵蚀的,并且在药物已经被释放到周围组织中之后仍然留在原位。在本发明的其它实施方案中,如在生物可侵蚀的缝合线的情况中,该聚合物在基本释放了所有的前体药物后被生物侵蚀。
虽然在涉及再狭窄和经皮管腔内(transluminal)冠状血管成形术后相关并发症的治疗时将对本发明实例性的实施方案进行描述,但是注意到可以用药物/药物组合的局部传递来治疗使用任何数量的医学装置的各种情况或增强该装置的功能和/或寿命是很重要的。例如,在白内障手术后被放置以恢复视力的眼内透镜常常受到所形成的继发性白内障的损害。继发性白内障常常是细胞在透镜表面的过度生长的结果并且可能可以通过将药物或一些药物与该装置联用来将其最小化。常常由于组织向内生长或蛋白质物质在该装置内、上和该装置周围的积聚而不能使用的其它医学装置如用于脑积水的分流器、透析移植物、结肠开口术的袋连接装置、耳朵导液管、用于心房脉冲产生器和可植入的去纤颤器的导线也可以由该装置-药物组合法而获益。
当与适当的前体药物或复合药物联用时,用于改善组织或器官的结构和功能的装置也表现出受益情况。例如,可能可以通过将其与前体药物如骨形态形成蛋白联用来改善用于增加被移植装置稳定性的矫形用装置的骨一体化。同样,用这种药物-装置组合法使得其它手术装置、缝合线、U型钉、吻合装置、椎盘、骨钉、缝合线锚凹、止血屏障、夹子、螺钉、板、回形针、脉管植入物、组织粘合剂和密封剂、组织支架、各种类型的敷料、骨替代物、管腔内装置、以及血管支持器也可以提供增强的患者受益效果。实际上,任何类型的医学装置都可以以一些方式用前体药物或复合药物来进行涂布,其治疗效果优于只使用该装置或药学前体药物所获得的治疗效果。
可以用主题装置来传递的药物有,例如:抗增生/抗有丝分裂的前体药物,包括天然产物如长春花属生物碱类(即长春碱、长春新碱、和维诺利宾)、紫杉醇、epidipodophyllotoxins(即依托泊苷、替尼泊苷)、抗生素(更生霉素(放线菌素D)柔红霉素、阿霉素和伊达比星)、蒽环素类、米托蒽醌、博莱霉素、普卡霉素(光辉霉素)和丝裂霉素、酶类(全身代谢L-天冬酰胺并剥夺了细胞合成其自身的天冬酰胺能力的L-天门冬酰胺酶);抗血小板的前体药物;抗增生/抗有丝分裂的烷化剂类前体药物如氮芥类(恩比兴、环磷酰胺以及类似物、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥)、氮丙啶类和甲基蜜胺类(六甲蜜胺和噻替派)、烷基磺酸酯-白消安、亚硝基脲(卡莫司汀(BCNU)和类似物、链脲霉素)、trazenes-达卡巴嗪(DTIC);抗增生/抗有丝分裂的抗代谢物如叶酸类似物(甲氨蝶呤)、嘧啶类似物(氟尿嘧啶、氟尿苷、和阿糖胞苷)、嘌呤类似物和相关的抑制剂(巯基嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、喷司他丁和2-氯脱氧腺苷克拉屈滨);铂配位络合物(顺铂、卡铂)、甲基苄肼、羟基脲、米托坦、氨鲁米特;激素类物质(即雌激素);抗凝剂(肝素、合成的肝素盐类和其它凝血酶抑制剂);溶解纤维蛋白的前体药物(如组织纤溶酶原活化剂、链激酶和尿激酶)、阿司匹林、双密达莫、噻氯匹定、氯吡格雷、阿昔单抗;抗转移剂;抗分泌剂(breveldin);抗炎剂:如肾上腺皮质类固醇物质(皮质醇、可的松、氟氢可的松、强的松、强的松龙、6U-甲泼松龙、去炎松、倍他米松、和地塞米松)、非载体类前体药物(水杨酸衍生物,即阿司匹林;对-氨基酚衍生物即acetominophen;吲哚和茚乙酸类物质(消炎痛、舒林酸和依托度酸(etodalac))、杂芳基乙酸类物质(托美丁、双氯酚酸、和酮咯酸),芳基丙酸类物质(布洛芬和衍生物)、邻氨基苯甲酸类物质(甲灭酸、以及甲氯灭酸)、烯醇酸类(吡罗昔康、替诺西康、保泰松和oxyphenthatrazone)、萘丁美酮、金化合物(金诺芬、金硫葡萄糖、硫代苹果酸金钠);免疫抑制剂(环胞菌素、他克莫司(FK-506)、西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)、硫唑嘌呤、霉酚酸莫非替克);生血管的前体药物:血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF);血管紧张素受体阻滞剂;一氧化氮供体;反义寡聚核苷酸及其组合;细胞循环抑制剂、mTOR抑制剂和生长因子信号转导激酶抑制剂。
在某些实施方案中,该前体药物是用阿片物质来形成的。阿片类物质的实例包括吗啡衍生物,如阿扑吗啡、丁丙诺啡、可待因、二氢可待因、二氢埃托啡、二丙诺啡、埃托啡、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟甲左吗南、哌替啶、美托酮、邻-甲基纳曲酮、吗啡、纳洛酮、纳曲酮、去甲吗啡、氧可酮、和氧吗啡酮。在其它实施方案中,该阿片物质是一种芬太尼衍生物,其可被衍生化成前体药物,如β-羟基-3-甲基芬太尼。
在涉及该低溶解度的药学前体药物时所用的术语“低溶解度”指的是该药学前体药物在生物流体如血浆、淋巴液、腹膜液等等中的溶解度。低溶解度一般指的是该药学前体药物在pH为约5至约8的水性溶液,特别是生理性溶液如血液、血浆等等中仅十分微溶。本发明一些低溶解度的前体药物具有小于约1mg/ml,的溶解度,其溶解度小于约100μg/ml,优选地小于约20μg/ml,更优选地小于约15μg/ml,并且更优选地小于约10μg/ml。除非特别说明,否则溶解度是指在25℃下在水中的溶解度,例如其是用在1995 USP中所描述的方法来进行测量的。这包括微溶(约10mg/ml至约1mg/ml),十分微溶(约1mg/ml至约0.1mg/ml)的化合物和特别不溶或不溶的化合物(小于约0.01mg/ml)。
用于本发明的适宜的前体药物包括下列物质的前体药物:免疫响应改性剂如环胞菌素A和FK 506、皮质类固醇如地塞米松和曲安奈德、抑制血管的甾类物质如三羟基甾类物质、抗寄生虫的前体药物如阿托伐醌、治疗青光眼的前体药物如利尿酸、包括环丙沙星在内的抗生素、分化调节剂如类维生素A类物质(例如,反式-视黄酸、顺式-视黄酸及类似物)、包括高分子量的低(10-链节)反义化合物在内的抗病毒的前体药物、抗癌剂前体药物如BCNU、非甾体抗炎药前体药物如消炎痛和氟比洛芬、和包含通过可逆的共价或离子键相连的至少两种化合物的共轭物的前体药物,其中所说的键在体内的所需部位能裂解产生每个化合物的活性形式。在本发明的实施方案中,该前体药物在水性介质中相对不溶,其中所说的水性介质包括生理性流体如血清、粘液、腹膜液、边缘液等等。还是在本发明的实施方案中,适宜的前体药物包括亲水性药物的亲脂性衍生物类药物,其在可接近的生理条件下易于转化成其亲水性的药物形式。可以参考任何标准药学教科书中用于获得药物的低溶解度形式的方法。在这方面,本发明尤其适用于迄今为止由于其固有的低溶解性而没有被广泛应用的前体药物或仅在以油为基础或以其它脂类物质为基础的传递载体中被有限应用的前体药物。在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于植入到血管腔内,特别是管腔内的损害附近以维持管腔的开放性的管腔内医学装置,其中所说的管腔内的损害如动脉粥样硬化性损害。本发明特别是提供了一种辐射状延伸的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模,其具有内腔表面和相对的沿着纵向斯滕特固定模轴延伸的外表面,该斯滕特固定模在其内表面或外表面的至少一部分上具有涂层。由斯滕特固定模进行的药物组合的局部传递具有如下的优点;即,防止了脉管的反冲并通过该斯滕特固定模的支持作用对其进行了重塑,并且预防了新内膜增生或再狭窄的多种因素,以及降低了炎症和血栓形成。这种药物向斯滕特固定模固定的冠状动脉的局部给药还具有另外的治疗益处。例如,使用局部传递可以获得比全身给药更高的组织浓度。此外,使用局部传递在维持较高组织浓度的同时可以获得比全身给药低的全身毒性。使用由斯滕特固定模进行的局部传递还可以获得一种比全身给药的方法更简单的病人顺从性更好的简单方法。组合药物治疗的另一个益处是可以降低各治疗药物、前体药物或化合物的剂量,从而限制了它们的毒性,并且同时仍然降低了再狭窄、炎症和血栓形成。因此,以斯滕特固定模为基础的局部治疗是一种改善抗再狭窄、抗炎、抗血栓形成药物、前体药物或化合物的治疗比率(功效/毒性)的方法。
在经皮腔内冠状血管成形术后可以使用各种不同的斯滕特固定模。虽然根据本发明可以使用任何数目的斯滕特固定模,但是为了简单起见,在本发明的实例性实施方案中将对有限数目的斯滕特固定模进行描述。熟练技术人员将意识到在与本发明有关的情况中可以使用任何数量的斯滕特固定模。此外,如上所述的那样,还可以使用其它医学装置。
常用的斯滕特固定模是一种留在管腔内以减轻阻塞的管状结构。斯滕特固定模通常以未扩张的形式被插入到腔内,然后自动膨胀或在原位上在第二种装置的帮助下进行膨胀。一种典型的膨胀方法是通过使用一种装有导管的血管成形术囊来进行的,所说的囊在狭窄的脉管或体腔内被膨胀以切断或破裂与该脉管的壁组分有关的梗塞,从而获得被扩大的腔。
本发明的斯滕特固定模可以用许多方法来进行制造。例如,该斯滕特固定模可以由一种空心或成形的不锈钢管来进行制造,所说的不锈钢管可以用激光、电冲压机(electric discharge milling)、化学侵蚀或其它手段来进行机械加工。将斯滕特固定模插入到体内并以未膨胀的形式放置到所需部位。在一个实例性实施方案中,可以通过一种气囊导管来完成其在血管内的膨胀,其中该斯滕特固定模的最终直径是所用气囊导管直径的函数。
应当意识到本发明的斯滕特固定模可以被包含于一种形状记忆材料中,其中所说的形状记忆材料包括例如适宜的镍钛合金或不锈钢。
由不锈钢管形成的结构可以是通过以预定方式来使该不锈钢管成形而形成的自动膨胀的结构,例如可以将其扭曲成辫状构型。在这种实施方案中,在已经形成该斯滕特固定模后,可以将其压缩以使其所占空间足够小从而可以通过插入工具将其插入到血管或其它组织中,其中所说的插入工具包括适宜的导管、或柔软的杆。
一旦从该导管中被排出,则该斯滕特固定模可以膨胀形成所需的构型,其中该膨胀可以自动完成或可以通过压力、温度的改变或电刺激而被引发。
不管该斯滕特固定模的设计如何,其优选地具有以足够的特性和足够的浓度被应用从而可在损害区域提供有效剂量的药物组合剂量。在这一点上,在涂层中的“储库大小”优选地是足以在所需部位并以所需数量使用该药物组合剂量的大小。
在供选择的实例性实施方案中,可以以治疗剂量用药物/药物组合来对该斯滕特固定模的整个内和外表面进行涂布。但是,重要的是要注意到涂布技术可以根据该药物组合来进行变化。该涂布技术也可以根据该包含斯滕特固定模或其它管腔内医学装置的材料来进行变化。
图3和4描述了本发明一种管腔内装置(斯滕特固定模)的实施方案。
图3表示了一种优选的未展开状态的具有用缓释药物传递系统进行了涂布的表面的辐射状延伸的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模13的侧面平面图。如图3所示,在未展开状态下,该斯滕特固定模13具有其沿径向方向的外边界14A、14B。该斯滕特固定模13的内腔表面15、外表面16、或整个表面都可以用缓释药物传递系统进行涂布或包含一种缓释的药物传递系统。在血管扩展操作中,该内腔表面15与体液如血液相接触,同时,当该斯滕特固定模13被展开以支撑并扩大该生物学脉管或管道时,外表面16与组织相接触。
在一个供选择的实施方案中,当斯滕特固定模被展开时,可以用连接两个或多个相邻部件或该斯滕特固定模结构13的圈的可存在或不存在的增强丝17来将该斯滕特固定模锁定和/或维持在其扩张状态。这种增强丝17可以由镍钛合金或其它高强度的材料制成。一种镍钛合金装置众所周知地具有预成形的形状和所说镍钛合金装置能恢复成其预定形状的转化温度。一种用本发明进行了表面涂布的斯滕特固定模13对患者的管腔内组织进行处理的方法包括将可放射状扩展的管状斯滕特固定模进行折叠和该折叠的斯滕特固定模从患者体的收回。将可放射状扩展的管状斯滕特固定模进行折叠的操作可以通过升高温度使得增强丝17反转成其伸直状态或其它适宜状态从而造成该斯滕特固定模13的折叠以将所说的斯滕特固定模从患者体内取出来完成。
图4表示处于展开状态的具有涂布的斯滕特固定模表面的缓释药物传递系统的放射状伸展的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模的全貌图。如图4所示,该位于展开状态的斯滕特固定模13具有径向方向的外边界24A、24B。该斯滕特固定模13的内腔表面14、外表面16或其整个表面都可以用该缓释药物传递系统进行涂布或可包含该缓释的药物传递系统。在血管扩展操作中,其内腔表面15与体液如血液相接触,而当该斯滕特固定模13展开以支持和扩展该生理学脉管时,其外表面16与组织相接触。可以用增强丝17来将扩展的斯滕特固定模维持在其扩张状态,使其作为永久性的斯滕特固定模或临时的斯滕特固定模。在作为临时性斯滕特固定模的表面进行了涂布的斯滕特固定模13的情况中,该增强丝17可具有使该扩张的斯滕特固定模折叠的能力。
斯滕特固定模的展开可以通过传递导管上的囊来完成或通过在预加应力的斯滕特固定模从传递脉管中时放出来时自动扩张来完成。用于斯滕特固定模的扩张的传递导管和方法对于本领域技术人员而言是众所周知的。该可扩展的斯滕特固定模13可以是可自动扩张的斯滕特固定模、囊-扩张的斯滕特固定模、或可扩张-可缩回的斯滕特固定模。
该可扩展的斯滕特固定模可以由记忆线圈、网眼材料等等组成。
III. 实施例
通过参考下面的实施例可以对本发明进行更充分的理解。
包含通过可逆的共价键相连的5-氟尿嘧啶和萘普生的共轭物的前体药物TC-112和包含5-氟尿嘧啶和氟轻松的共轭物的前体药物G.531.1是根据US 6,051,576中所描述的方法来进行制备的。将这些化合物的结构复制如下:
                    5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)
Figure A0281295600491
                        萘普生
用下面的实施例来对所公开的本发明进行说明。该实施例不是要进行限制,熟练技术人员将意识到其它实施方案也在所公开的本发明的范围内。
实施例1
向20gm 10%(w/v)水性聚(乙烯醇)(PVA)溶液中分散80.5mg前体药物TC-112。然后将5块玻璃片用这种TC-112/PVA混悬液进行浸涂,然后将其风干。然后将该涂布和风干再重复进行四次。在结束时在各玻璃片上涂布了约100mg TC-112/PVA。然后,将进行了涂布的玻璃片在135℃下热处理5小时。在冷却至室温后,将该玻璃片分别放置在20ml 0.1M mol磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH 7.4,37℃)中进行释放试验。每天取样并在各次取样时将整个缓释介质用新鲜介质进行替换。通过反相HPLC来测定释放到介质中的药物和TC-112。TC-112在pH 7.4的缓冲剂中的半衰期为456分钟,在血清中为14分钟。
结果如图1所示,其表明了TC-112从PVA涂布的玻璃片上的总的累积释放。曲线的斜率表明TC-112的释放为10μg/天。数据既表示了化合物TC-112的完整形式又表明了其组分。
实施例2
将12.0gm硅氧烷部分A(Med-6810A)与1.2gm硅氧烷部分B(Med-6810B)进行混合,将其在超声波仪中脱气10分钟,然后用水泵进行处理。将41.2mg(TC-112)分散在这种脱气的硅氧烷中,再对其进行脱气。将0.2gm该混合物涂在玻璃片的一个表面上。然后将该玻璃片(一共5片)放在烘箱中并将其在105℃下加热20分钟以使其固化。在将其从烘箱中取出并冷却至室温后,将0.2gm该混合物涂敷在各玻璃片另一个未进行涂布的表面上。然后将该进行了涂布的玻璃片再次在105℃下热处理20分钟。在冷却至室温后,将各玻璃片分别放置在20ml 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH 7.4,37℃)中来进行释放试验。每天取样,并在各次取样时间将整个缓释介质用新鲜介质进行替换。用HPLC对释放到介质中的药物(5FU和TA)和TC-112进行测定。
硅氧烷涂层的总TC-112释放的计算如下。萘普生的分子量是230.3,5-氟尿嘧啶的分子量是130.1,而得自着两种药物的本发明的化合物(TC-112)具有372.4的分子量。对于要探测的萘普生的xmg而言,这意味着有x*372.4/230.3mg的TC-112被水解。所释放的总TC-112等于在释放介质中所检测到的TC-112和被水解的TC-112的总和。例如,在最高至第6天时,检测到43.9mg萘普生,这意味着71.0(43.9*372.4/230.3)mg TC-112被水解,同时,在缓冲剂中检测到51.4mg TC-112,因此,在最高到第6天时一共有112.4mg(51.4加71.0)TC-112被释放。
结果如图2所示,其表明了TC-112从硅氧烷涂布的玻璃片上的总的累积释放。该曲线的斜率表明TC-112的释放为13.3μg/天。该数据又表示了完整的本发明的化合物以及本发明化合物的组成部分。斜率的相似性证明该聚合物对药物的释放几乎没有影响。
实施例3
通过将两种分散体一起进行混合来制备都是在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)(1∶10,w/w)中的包含0.3gm Chronoflex C (65D)的3.3gmChronoflex C(65D)(Lot# CTB-G25B-1234)分散体和包含0.2gmChronoflex C(55D)的2.2gm Chronoflex C(55D)(Lot# CTB-121B-1265)分散体的混合物。向这种混合物中加入6.0gm四氢呋喃(HPLC级)并将其进行混合。最后的混合物不是澄清的溶液。然后向其中加入101.5mg 5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和曲安奈德(TA)的复合药物(该复合药物被定义为“TC-32”)并将其溶解于该聚合物溶液中。
然后通过浸渍将十个(10)HPLC插入物用该聚合物/TC-32溶液进行涂布,然后将其在环境温度下风干。将该涂布和风干过程重复四(4)次(一共5次),直至向各插入物上一共使用了约10mg聚合物/TC-32。然后将该插入物在80℃的烘箱中放置2小时以除去残余的溶剂。
将该插入物分别放置在位于玻璃管中的20ml 0.1m磷酸盐缓冲剂,pH 7.4中并开始在37℃下监测化合物从该插入物上的释放。每天取样,并在各次取样时间将整个介质用新鲜介质进行替换。用HPLC来测定释放到介质中的药物。因为TC-32在缓冲剂中的半衰期短,所以在该释放介质中没有检测到TC-32;仅能检测到一定数量的母体药物、5-FU和TA。释放曲线如图7所示。
实施例4
向5.0gm进行着搅拌的二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中加入300mgChronof1ex C(65D)(Lot# CTB-G25B-1234)和200mg ChronoflexC(55D)(Lot# CTB-121B-1265)。将聚合物缓慢地溶解于DMAC(约4小时)中。然后向该聚合物分散体中加入5.0gm THF。该混合物不是一种澄清的溶液。然后向其中加入100.9mg TC-32并将其溶解于该混合物中。
然后通过浸渍将三个(3)由Guidant Corp提供的斯滕特固定模用该聚合物/TC-32溶液进行涂布,然后将其在环境温度下风干。将该涂布和风干过程重复几次直至向该斯滕特固定模上一共使用了约2.0mg的聚合物/TC-32。将该进行了涂布的斯滕特固定模在一种生物学安全的小室内在环境温度下风干一整夜。然后将该斯滕特固定模在80℃下真空干燥2小时以除去残余的溶剂。然后将其分别放置于位于玻璃管中的5.0ml 0.1m磷酸盐缓冲剂,pH 7.4中,开始在37℃下监测化合物从该斯滕特固定模的释放。每天取样,并在各次取样时将整个介质用新鲜介质进行替换。用HPLC对介质中的药物释放进行测定。释放曲线如图8所示。在释放介质中没有检测到TC-32。
实施例5
首先将聚氨酯(PU)溶解于四氢呋喃中。将生物学可逆的5-FU和TA的共轭物溶解于这种溶液中并将所得的溶液喷涂到冠状的由Guidant制造的Tetra斯滕特固定模上。在风干后,将斯滕特固定模在50℃下真空干燥2小时以除去溶剂残余物,然后将其进行血浆处理和γ-辐射。向斯滕特固定模应用两种不同水平的药物填充量:80ug低剂量(13%)和600ug高剂量(60%)。在37℃下,通过将进行了涂布的斯滕特固定模(扩张开的)放在0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH 7.4)中来在体外对释放速率进行测定。定期从该缓冲液中取样来进行HPLC分析,并对该缓冲液进行替换以避免任何饱和效应。
图9所示的结果说明了高剂量涂布的斯滕特固定模的体外释放模式。该模式遵从一种假对数模式,在10周内释放了约70%。在负载了高剂量和低剂量的斯滕特固定模中都观察到了相似的模式。在试验的所有期间TA和5-FU一直是以等摩尔的方式进行释放的。在释放介质中没有检测到5-FU/TA的复合药物。
实施例6
将聚氨酯(1.008gm)添加到50.0gm四氢呋喃(THF)中。将该混合物搅拌一整夜以使该聚合物溶解。将5.0gm的聚合物溶液用10.0gmTHF进行稀释。向该聚合物溶液中加入150.2mg 5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)和曲安奈德(TA)的复合药物(该复合药物被定义为“TC-32”)并使其溶解。该涂布液是用60%复合药物填充量来进行制备的。还制备负载了13%复合药物的涂布溶液。将裸露的斯滕特固定模(Tetra,Guidant,Lot# 1092154,13mm Tetra)用异丙醇进行洗涤,风干,然后通过使用精密喷枪用该涂布溶液对其进行喷涂。重复进行涂布直至向每一斯滕特固定模上一共使用了约1.0mg的涂层。将进行了涂布的斯滕特固定模在50℃下真空干燥2小时以除去溶剂残余物,然后将其进行血浆处理和γ-辐射。
在两组中对该复合物药物涂布的斯滕特固定模进行试验。将组一的斯滕特固定模各自放置到包含5.0ml 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH 7.4)的玻璃管中。定期取样并用HPLC对该缓冲剂中的复合药物浓度进行检验。在每次取样后将整个释放介质进行替换。
将组二的斯滕特固定模放置在体内。在研究的第1天将进行了TC-32涂布的斯滕特固定模植入到三只普通猪的左前方下行(LAD)冠状动脉中。在研究的第5天收集该斯滕特固定模并如组一斯滕特固定模所述的那样将其放置在0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂中。用HPLC对释放到该基质中的各药物的数量进行测量。在释放介质中检测不到完整的复合药物。
结果如图10所示,其表明了扩张的斯滕特固定模和未植入的斯滕特固定模之间药物释放曲线的比较。扩张的和植入前的斯滕特固定模的释放方式都表明可以通过体外释放方式来对体内释放进行预测。
实施例7
十四只(14)家猪在三个心外膜冠状动脉(LAD、LCX和RCA)中的任何一个中接受三个(3)扩展到最大程度的斯滕特固定模。给一些动物仅使用对照斯滕特固定模,包括在Cross Sail Rx囊传递系统(对照)上的未加涂饰的Bare Metal Tetra冠状动脉斯滕特固定模,或CrossSail Rx囊传递系统(对照)上的PU涂布的Tetra冠状动脉斯滕特固定模。给其它动物使用以低剂量((80μg TA+5FU(13%)))或高剂量(600μg TA+5FU(60%))涂布了药物的斯滕特固定模。将该斯滕特固定模移植到动物的动脉中。将各斯滕特固定模垫付到动脉中的所需部位,用一种膨胀装置使其扩张。对该膨胀装置的压力进行选择以得到一种使动脉比例为1.1-1.2∶1的囊。
在28天后,手术切除直接与该斯滕特固定模直接相邻的动脉部分,并将其嵌入到甲基丙烯酸酯树脂中。切下组织学上5-μm的部分并将其用维尔赫夫氏弹性蛋白和苏木精和曙红染色剂进行染色,并测量各切下部分的厚度。高剂量和低剂量药物涂布的斯滕特固定模的结果被列于下表中。低剂量和高剂量实验组第28天的响应表明由于TA和5FU从该聚合物涂布的Tetra斯滕特固定模上的共同释放而使得内膜厚度显著降低。
Figure A0281295600541
ζp=0.0008,未加涂饰的金属对低剂量,p=0.03聚合物对低剂量
§p=0.002未加涂饰的金属对低剂量,p=0.04聚合物对低剂量
ζp=0.02未加涂饰的金属对高剂量,p=0.07聚合物对高剂量
ζp = 0.01 未加涂饰的金属对高剂量,p=0.07聚合物对高剂量
实施例8
图11A和11B表示了γ辐射和血浆处理对药物释放的影响。在血浆处理和γ辐射后,用膨胀导管(3.0mm的囊大小,20mm长)将该斯滕特固定模进行膨胀并将其各自放到包含5.0ml 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH 7.4)的玻璃管中。定期取样并在每次取样后将整个释放介质进行替换。用HPLC对释放到介质中的各药物的数量进行测量。在释放介质中没有检测到完整的复合药物。
实施例9:涂布实施例A
将通过将Eudragit NE30D水性分散体进行蒸发和风干而获得的1.0gm EMM(聚(丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯)共聚物)加入到9.0gm丙酮中。向这种分散体中加入51.5mg 5-氟尿嘧啶和氟轻松的复合药物(G.531.1)并在搅拌后使其溶解。通过将其在该复合药物/聚合物溶液中进行浸渍,然后进行风干而将10个HPLC插入物用该复合药物/共聚物进行涂布。将该涂布过程重复进行几次直至在个玻璃管上涂布了约30mg的复合药物/聚合物。然后将进行了涂布的插入物各自放置在10.0ml 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH 7.4,37℃)中进行释放试验。每天取样并在各次取样时将整个释放介质用新鲜介质进行替换。用HPLC对释放到介质中的药物和复合药物进行测定。
实施例10:涂布实施例B
称取441.8mg聚(乙烯-共-醋酸乙烯酯)(EVA)并将其转移到15.0m1 THF中。EVA慢慢胀大,然后通过超声和磁力搅拌而使其部分溶解于THF中。向其中加入88.2mg复合药物(TC32)并使其溶解于该聚合物溶液中。然后通过浸渍将9个HPLC插入物用聚合物/复合药物溶液进行涂布,然后将其在环境温度下风干。将该涂布和风干重复进行几次,直至向各插入物上一共使用约10mg聚合物/复合药物。然后,将该插入物在50℃的烘箱中放置1小时以除去溶剂的残余物。在完成涂布之前和之后对插入物的重量和直径进行检查并进行记录。然后,将进行了涂布的插入物分别放置在10.0ml 0.1M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH7.4,37℃)中进行释放试验。每天取样,并在各次取样时将整个释放介质用新鲜介质进行替换。用HPLC对释放到介质中的药物和复合药物进行测量。
上面的说明和实施例是要对本发明的一些实施方案进行说明而不是要对其进行任何限制。可以对本发明的系统、装置和方法进行各种修改和变化而不会脱离本发明的主旨或范围对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。这里所列举的所有专利和公开物都被以其全文引入本文作为参考。

Claims (66)

1.一种缓释制剂,其包含聚合物基质和分散于该聚合物中的具有A-L-B的通式的前体药物,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;
其中A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解度高于1mg/ml,而该前体药物在水中的溶解度低于1mg/ml。
2.一种缓释制剂,其包含聚合物基质和分散于该聚合物中的具有A∷B的通式的前体药物,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
∷表示A和B之间的在生理学条件下离解产生所说的A的治疗活性形式的离子键;
B表示一种当与A离子键合时产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;和
其中A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解度高于1mg/ml,而该前体药物在水中的溶解度低于1mg/ml。
3.一种缓释制剂,其包含聚合物基质和分散于该聚合物中的具有A-L-B的通式的前体药物,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;
其中,当被配置在生物流体中时,所说的缓释制剂在至少24小时的期间内提供了A的治疗活性形式的缓释,并且在释放期间,该前体药物在聚合物外的流体中的浓度小于A的治疗活性形式浓度的10%。
4.一种缓释制剂,其包含聚合物基质和分散于该聚合物中的具有A∷B的通式的前体药物,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
∷表示A和B之间的在生理学条件下离解产生所说的A的治疗活性形式的离子键;
B表示一种当与A离子键合时产生一种溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;和
其中,当配置于生物流体中时,所说的缓释制剂可在至少24小时的期间内提供A的治疗活性形式的缓释,并且在释放期间,该前体药物在聚合物外的流体中的浓度低于A的治疗活性形式浓度的10%。
5.一种缓释制剂,其包含聚合物基质和分散于该聚合物中的通式为A-L-B的前体药物,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和
B表示一种当与A相连时产生一种溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;
其中A的治疗活性形式具有比前体药物的logP值低至少1个logP单位的logP值。
6.一种缓释制剂,其包含聚合物基质和分散于该聚合物中的通式为A∷B的前体药物,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
∷表示A和B之间的在生理学条件下离解产生所说的A的治疗活性形式的离子键;
B表示一种当与A离子键合时产生一种溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;和
其中A的治疗活性形式具有比该前体药物的logP值低至少1个logP单位的logP值。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的前体药物在水中的溶解度小于100μg/ml。
8.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的B是一种疏水性的脂族部分。
9.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的B是一旦所说的连接物L裂解或所说的离子键离解就产生的具有治疗活性形式的药物部分。
10.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A和B是相同的药物部分。
11.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A和B是不同的药物部分。
12.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的B在从该前体药物上裂解下来后是一种生物学惰性部分。
13.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A选自免疫响应改性剂、抗增生剂、皮质类固醇、抑制血管的甾类物质、抗寄生虫药、治疗青光眼的药物、抗生素、反义化合物、分化调节剂、抗病毒药、抗癌药、和非甾体抗炎药。
14.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的B选自免疫响应改性剂、抗增生剂、皮质类固醇、抑制血管的甾类物质、抗寄生虫药、治疗青光眼的药物、抗生素、反义化合物、分化调节剂、抗病毒药、抗癌药、和非甾体抗炎药。
15.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A的治疗活性形式从该聚合物基质中释放的持续时间为至少24小时。
16.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A是5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)并且B是萘普生。
17.如权利要求1-6中任意一项或权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A或B中的至少一个是抗肿瘤剂。
18.如权利要求17所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗肿瘤剂选自蒽环素类、长春花属生物碱类、嘌呤类似物、嘧啶类似物、嘧啶生物合成的抑制剂、和烷化剂。
19.如权利要求17所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗肿瘤药是氟化的嘧啶。
20.如权利要求17所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗肿瘤药选自5-氟尿嘧啶(5FU)、5′-脱氧-5-氟尿苷5-氟尿苷、2′-脱氧-5-氟尿苷、氟胞嘧啶、5-三氟甲基-2′-脱氧尿苷、阿糖氧基胞嘧啶、环胞苷、5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷、阿拉伯糖基5-氮杂胞嘧啶、6-氮杂胞苷、N-膦酰基乙酰基-L-天门冬氨酸、吡唑呋喃菌素、6-氮杂尿苷、阿扎立平、和3-去氮杂尿苷。
21.如权利要求17所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗肿瘤药是选自阿拉伯糖基胞嘧啶、环胞苷、5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷、阿拉伯糖基5-氮杂胞嘧啶、和6-氮杂胞苷的嘧啶核苷类似物。
22.如权利要求17所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗肿瘤药选自克拉屈滨、6-巯基嘌呤、喷司他丁、6-硫鸟嘌呤、和磷酸氟达拉滨。
23.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A的治疗活性形式是5-氟尿嘧啶。
24.如权利要求1-6中任意一项或权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中A或B中的至少一个是抗炎剂。
25.如权利要求24所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗炎剂是非甾体抗炎剂。
26.如权利要求25所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗炎剂选自双氯酚酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、nahumstone、萘普生和吡罗昔康。
27.如权利要求24所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的抗炎剂是糖皮质激素。
28.如权利要求27所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的糖皮质激素选自aclometasone、倍氯米松、倍他米松、布地奈德、氯倍他索、氯倍他松、可的松、地萘德、去羟米松、二氟拉松、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟轻松、肤轻松、氟可龙、氟泼尼定、氟氢缩松、氟替卡松、氢化可的松、醋丙甲泼松龙、mometasone furdate、强的松龙、强的松和rofleponide。
29.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的B的治疗活性形式选自氟轻松、曲安奈德、双氯酚酸、和萘普生。
30.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的连接L在体液中被水解。
31.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的连接L包括一种或多种选自酯、酰胺、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、环状缩酮、硫代酸酯、硫代酰胺、硫代氨基甲酸酯、硫代碳酸酯、黄原酸酯和磷酸酯的可水解的基团。
32.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的连接L被酶促裂解。
33.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的前体药物在其连接形式时产生所说临床响应的ED50比A的治疗活性形式的ED50高至少10倍。
34.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的前体药物在其连接形式时具有比A的治疗活性形式的ED50高至少1000倍的产生所说临床响应的ED50
35.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A的治疗活性形式在水中的溶解度比所说的前体药物高至少10倍。
36.如权利要求29所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的前体药物选自与氟轻松共价结合的5FU、与萘普生共价结合的5FU、和与双氯酚酸纳共价结合的5FU。
37.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的前体药物选自环丙沙星-双氯酚酸(VI)和环丙沙星-萘普生,
Figure A028129560006C1
           环丙沙星-双氯酚酸
                 (VI)
38.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的聚合物是不可生物侵蚀的。
39.如权利要求38所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的不可生物侵蚀的聚合物选自聚氨酯、聚硅氧烷、聚(乙烯-共-醋酸乙烯酯)、聚乙烯醇、以及它们的衍生物和共聚物。
40.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的聚合物是可生物侵蚀的。
41.如权利要求40所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的可生物侵蚀的聚合物选自聚酐、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚原酸酯、聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯、以及它们的衍生物和共聚物。
42.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的聚合物将该前体药物保持在特定的生理学部位并防止了该前体药物的分解。
43.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的聚合物降低了聚合物中的前体药物和周围浴液体中的蛋白质组分之间的相互作用。
44.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的系统适于被注射或植入到体内。
45.一种医学装置,其包含:
(i)一种具有表面的底物;和,
(ii)一种粘附到该表面上的涂层,所说的涂层包含具有分散于其中的低溶解度前体药物的聚合物基质,其中所说的低溶解度的前体药物可由通式A-L-B来进行表示,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分。
46.如权利要求45所述的装置,其中所说的聚合物基质对于A的治疗活性形式从该涂层中的释放速率而言基本不是释放速率的限制因素。
47.如权利要求45所述的装置,其中所说的底物是选自螺钉、板、衬垫、缝合线、假体锚凹、平头钉、U型钉、电导线、瓣膜、和膜的手术器具。
48.如权利要求45所述的装置,其选自导管、可植入的血管进入端口、血液储袋、血道、中央静脉导管、动脉导管、血管移植物、主动脉内的囊泵、心脏瓣膜、心血管缝合线、人造心脏、起搏器、心室助泵、体外装置、血液过滤器、血液透析装置、血灌注装置、血浆去除装置、和适于在血管内展开的过滤器。
49.如权利要求45所述的装置,其是一种血管斯滕特固定模。
50.如权利要求49所述的装置,其上一种可扩展的斯滕特固定模,并且所说的涂层是柔软的,能适应所说的可扩展的斯滕特固定模的压缩和扩张状态。
51.如权利要求45所述的装置,其中可归因于该前体药物的该涂层的重量为每cm2被所说聚合物基质涂布的表面约0.05mg至约50mg前体药物。
52.如权利要求45所述的装置,其中所说涂层的厚度为5微米至100微米。
53.如权利要求45所述的装置,其中所说的前体药物的存在量为该涂层重量的5%至70%重量。
54.一种进行了涂布的装置组合,其包含用于植入到患者体内的医学装置,所说的医学装置具有一个或多个被权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的聚合物制剂涂布的表面,该涂布是以当被植入到患者体内时,使得该被涂布的表面在一定时期内能释放A的治疗活性形式的方式进行的。
55.如权利要求54所述的进行了涂布的装置,其中所说的装置是一种具有内腔表面和相对的沿着纵向斯滕特固定模轴延伸的外表面的放射状延伸的可扩展的管状斯滕特固定模。
56.一种具有至少一种可插入或可植入到患者体内的部分的斯滕特固定模,其中该部分具有适于与机体组织相接触的表面并且其中该表面的至少一部分被一种用于将至少一种生物学活性物质进行释放的涂层所涂布,该涂层包含具有分散于其中的低溶解度前体药物的聚合物基质,其中所说的低溶解度的前体药物是由通式A-L-B所表示的,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分。
57.一种用一种缓释系统进行了涂布的管腔内的医学装置,所说的缓释系统包含一种生物学可耐受的聚合物和分散于该聚合物中的低溶解度的前体药物,所说的装置具有内表面和外表面;所说的装置具有应用到该内表面、外表面、或内表面和外表面的至少一部分上的所说系统。
58.一种用于对患者的管腔内组织进行处理的方法,该方法包含的步骤有:
(a)提供一种具有内表面和外表面的斯滕特固定模,所说的斯滕特固定模在其内表面、外表面、或内表面和外表面的至少一部分上具有一种涂层;所说的涂层包含溶解或分散于一种生物学可耐受的聚合物中的低溶解度的药物的前体药物;
(b)将该斯滕特固定模定位在适宜的管腔内的组织部位;和
(c)将该斯滕特固定模展开。
59.一种用于将药物从医学装置表面定位传递到体内的涂层组合物,该组合物包含一种具有分散于其中的低溶解度前体药物的聚合物基质,其中所说的低溶解度的前体药物是由通式A-L-B表示的,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;和
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;
该涂层组合物是以适于通过喷涂和/或将该装置浸渍在所说的组合物中而被应用到所说医学装置表面的液体或混悬液形式被提供的。
60.一种用于将药物从医学装置表面定位传递到体内的涂层组合物,该组合物包含一种具有分散于其中的低溶解度前体药物的聚合物基质,其中所说的低溶解度的前体药物是由通式A-L-B表示的,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;
该涂层组合物是以粉状形式被提供的,并且一旦添加一种溶剂,则其可以被重组成用于通过喷涂和/或将该装置浸渍到所说组合物中而被应用到所说医学装置表面的液体或混悬液形式。
61.用于将药物传递给患者的可注射组合物,该组合物包含一种具有分散于其中的低溶解度前体药物的聚合物基质,其中所说的低溶解度前体药物是由通式A-L-B表示的,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;
该组合物是以适于通过一种针注射进行传递的液体或混悬液的形式被提供的。
62.一种制造一种缓释系统的方法,其包含将聚合物基质与治疗有效量的低溶解度的前体药物进行混合,其中
(i)所说的低溶解度的前体药物是由通式A-L-B表示的,其中
A表示一种具有在患者体内产生临床响应的治疗活性形式的药物部分;
L表示一种将A和B连接形成一种前体药物的共价连接物,所说的连接物在生理条件下被裂解从而产生所说的A的治疗活性形式;
B表示一种当与A相连时可产生溶解度低于A的治疗活性形式的前体药物的部分;和
(ii)该聚合物基质对于A的治疗活性形式而言是可渗透的,并且对于A的治疗活性形式从该聚合物基质中的释放速率而言基本不是释放速率的限制因素。
63.如权利要求62所述的方法,其进一步包含将聚合物基质和前体药物的混合物应用到一种手术器具表面上的步骤。
64.一种对哺乳动物生物体进行处理以获得所需的局部或全身生理学或药理学作用的方法,其包括:将治疗有效量的如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释制剂给予哺乳动物。
65.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的缓释系统在制造用一种A的治疗活性形式的持续剂量方案对患者进行治疗的药物中的应用。
66.如权利要求5或6所述的缓释制剂,其中所说的A的治疗活性形式具有比该前体药物的logP值低至少2个logP单位的logP值。
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