CN118217290B - 可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂在防治高原肺水肿中的用途 - Google Patents
可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂在防治高原肺水肿中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118217290B CN118217290B CN202410323516.3A CN202410323516A CN118217290B CN 118217290 B CN118217290 B CN 118217290B CN 202410323516 A CN202410323516 A CN 202410323516A CN 118217290 B CN118217290 B CN 118217290B
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(Soluble Guanylate Cyclasey,sGC)刺激剂在防治高原肺水肿中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(SolubleGuanylate Cyclasey,sGC)刺激剂在防治高原肺水肿中的用途。
背景技术
高原肺水肿(high altitude pulmonary edema,HAPE)是一种严重的高原疾病,是指人们从平原快速进入高原后,由于缺氧环境导致肺动脉压突然升高、肺血容量增加、毛细血管内液体渗出至肺间质及肺泡而引起的特发性、非心源性肺水肿,临床上表现有呼吸困难、咳嗽、肺部痰鸣、咳大量粉红色或白色泡沫痰,肺部有不同程度的湿性啰音和紫绀等一系列症状。该病情发展迅速,如果救治不及时,可在较短的时间内发展至呼吸衰竭,甚至死亡。高原肺水肿是高原“三大杀手”之一,严重威胁进入高原人员的健康与生命安全。
在进入海拔3600多米的高原汉族人群中,高原肺水肿的发病率高达0.4%-2%,部分快速上到海拔4500m的人,发病率可达10%。随机抽取的登山者中大约10%在快速攀登至海拔4000m以上后24小时内发病。出于各种商务原因在海拔超过3000m的低地参与者中也可观察到类似现象。
目前对影响HAPE发生的因素了解尚不完全。临床上对HAPE的治疗主要为吸氧、降低肺动脉压、抗炎、利尿、对症及一氧化氮吸入等。广谱的降压药如酚妥拉明、硝普钠,硝苯吡啶等,虽然可以降低肺动脉压,但也引起广泛的体循环压力显著降低。到目前为止还没有一种方法能够安全、有效地预防和治疗HAPE。
可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶是NO-sGC-cGMP信号转导通路中的关键的信号转导酶,它可被一氧化氮(NO)所激活,从而催化鸟苷三磷酸(GTP)转化为环鸟苷单磷酸(cGMP),cGMP作为第二信使可以调节转导通路下游的相关效应器,包括蛋白激酶、磷酸二酯酶(PDE)以及某些离子通道等,从而调节相应生理过程,如舒张血管、促进血管平滑肌细胞产生、调节血小板的凝集以及神经传导等。
迄今为止,尚未见可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂应用于预防和/或治疗高原低氧所致高血压、肺水肿等急性高原病的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂在预防和/或治疗高原肺水肿中的用途。
本发明提供了式(I)所示化合物、其互变异构体、其共晶、其多晶型物、其溶剂合物、其前药、其同位素标记化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,或者包含式(I)所示化合物、其互变异构体、其共晶、其多晶型物、其溶剂合物、其前药、其同位素标记化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂的药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗高原肺水肿的药物中的应用,
其中:
R1选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基;
R2为(C1-C6)烷基;
R3选自氢、卤素、硝基、氰基和氨基;
Ar选自(C6-C10)芳基和(5-9元)芳杂基,所述(C6-C10)芳基和(5-9元)芳杂基任选被1、2或3个选自氢、卤素、氰基、氨基、羟基和甲基的基团取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述R1选自氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
在一些实施方案中,所述R2选自(C1-C4)烷基。
在一些实施方案中,所述R3选自氢、氟、氯和溴。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar选自苯基和5元杂芳基,所述苯基和5元杂芳基任选被1、2或3个选自氢、氟、氯、溴、氰基、氨基、羟基和甲基的基团取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述R1选自氢和甲基。
在一些实施方案中,所述R2选自甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
在一些实施方案中,所述R3选自氢和氟。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar选自苯基和噻吩基,所述苯基和噻吩基任选被1、2或3个选自氢、氟、氯和溴的基团取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被1、2或3个选自氢、氟、氯和溴的基团取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被氟取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被1个氟取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被2个氟取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被3个氟取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述R2选自甲基。
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar选自苯基和噻吩基,所述苯基和噻吩基任选被1个氟取代。
在一些实施方案中,所述结构单元为
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar选自
在一些实施方案中,所述Ar为
在一些实施方案中,所述式(I)所示化合物选自:
在一些实施方案中,所述载体和/或赋形剂选自稀释剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体和润滑剂。
在一些实施方案中,所述药物为片剂、胶囊剂、泡腾片、颗粒剂、散剂、分散片、口服液、丸剂和注射剂。
式(I)所示化合物、其互变异构体、其共晶、其多晶型物、其溶剂合物、其前药、其同位素标记化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、药物组合物,可以以下方面的任意方式施与:口服、喷雾吸入、直肠给药、鼻腔给药、阴道给药、局部给药、非肠道给药如皮下、静脉、肌内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、胸骨内或颅内注射或输入,或借助一种外植的储器用药,其中优选口服、肌注、腹膜内或静脉内用药方式。
式(I)所示化合物、其互变异构体、其共晶、其多晶型物、其溶剂合物、其前药、其同位素标记化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药。其中,所述的药物组合物或适宜的剂型可以含有0.01mg至1000mg的式(I)化合物、其共晶体、其异构体、其多晶型物、其溶剂合物、其同位素标记化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐。给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型。液体剂型可以是真溶液类、胶体类、微粒剂型、乳剂剂型、混悬剂型。其他剂型例如片剂、胶囊、滴丸、气雾剂、丸剂、粉剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、栓剂、冻干粉针剂、包合物、埋植剂、贴剂、擦剂等。
本发明的药物组合物中还可以含有常用的载体,这里所述可药用载体包括但不局限于:离子交换剂,氧化铝,硬脂酸铝,卵磷脂,血清蛋白如人血清蛋白,缓冲物质如磷酸盐,甘油,山梨酸,山梨酸钾,饱和植物脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物,水,盐或电解质,如硫酸鱼精蛋白,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸氢钾,氯化钠,锌盐,胶态氧化硅,三硅酸镁,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,纤维素物质,聚乙二醇,羧甲基纤维素钠,聚丙烯酸酯,蜂蜡,羊毛酯等。载体在药物组合物中的含量可以是1重量%-98重量%,通常大约占到80重量%。为方便起见,局部麻醉剂,防腐剂,缓冲剂等可直接溶于载体中。
口服片剂和胶囊可以含有赋形剂如粘合剂,如糖浆,阿拉伯胶,山梨醇,黄芪胶,或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,填充剂,如乳糖,蔗糖,玉米淀粉,磷酸钙,山梨醇,氨基乙酸,润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁,滑石,聚乙二醇,硅土,崩解剂,如马铃薯淀粉,或可接受的增润剂,如月桂醇钠硫酸盐。片剂可以用制药学上公知的方法包衣。
口服液可以制成水和油的悬浮液,溶液,乳浊液,糖浆或酏剂,也可以制成干品,用前补充水或其它合适的媒质。这种液体制剂可以包含常规的添加剂,如悬浮剂,山梨醇,纤维素甲醚,葡萄糖糖浆,凝胶,羟乙基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素,硬脂酸铝凝胶,氢化的食用油脂,乳化剂,如卵磷脂,山梨聚醣单油酸盐,阿拉伯树胶;或非水载体(可能包含可食用油),如杏仁油,油脂如甘油,乙二醇,或乙醇;防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯,山梨酸。如需要可添加调味剂或着色剂。
栓剂可包含常规的栓剂基质,如可可黄油或其它甘油酯。
对于胃肠外投药,液态剂型通常由化合物和一种消毒的载体制成。载体首选水。依照所选载体和药物浓度的不同,化合物既可溶于载体中也可制成悬浮溶液,在制成注射用溶液时先将化合物溶于水中,过滤消毒后装入封口瓶或安瓿中。
必须认识到,通式(I)化合物的最佳给药剂量和间隔是由化合物性质和诸如给药的形式、路径和部位以及所治疗的特定哺乳动物等外部条件决定的,而这一最佳给药剂量可用常规的技术确定。同时也必须认识到,最佳的疗程,即通式(I)化合物在额定的时间内每日的剂量,可用本领域内公知的方法确定。
本发明式(I)化合物还包括其异构体和溶剂合物,例如水合物、醇合物等。前述化合物可以是前药或可在体内代谢变化后释放出所述活性成分的形式。选择和制备适当的前药衍生物是本领域技术人员公知技术。一般来说,对于本发明的目的,与药学可接受的溶剂,如水、乙醇等的溶剂合物形式与非溶剂合物形式相当。
可改变本发明药物组合物、联合药物中各活性成分的实际剂量水平,以便所得的活性化合物量能有效针对具体患者、组合物和给药方式得到所需的治疗反应。剂量水平须根据具体化合物的活性、给药途径、所治疗病况的严重程度以及待治疗患者的病况和既往病史来选定。但是,本领域的常规做法是,化合物的剂量从低为得到所需治疗效果而要求的水平开始,逐渐增加剂量,直到得到所需的效果。一般说来,本发明式(I)化合物用于哺乳动物特别是人的剂量可以介于0.001-1000mg/kg体重/天。
术语定义
本发明使用的各种术语和短语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含义,即便如此,本发明仍然希望在此对这些术语和短语作更详尽的说明和解释,提及的术语和短语如有与公知含义不一致的,以本发明所表述的含义为准。下面是本发明所用多种术语的定义,这些定义适用于本申请整个说明书中所用的术语,除非在具体情况中另作说明。
如本申请所用,术语“共晶体”是指由本发明化合物与适合的共晶体形成剂(co-crystal former)通过氢键等形成的复合物。所述共晶体优选为生理学上可接受的共晶体。所述共晶体形成剂可以为有机胺,例如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺、氯代普鲁卡因、胆碱、N-甲基葡糖胺、普鲁卡因、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二环己基胺、二甲基氨基乙醇、精氨酸、赖氨酸或乙二胺。所述共晶体形成剂可以为有机弱酸,例如富马酸。这些共晶体可以通过已知的共晶体形成方法制备,包括研磨、加热、共升华、共熔化或在结晶条件下在溶液中使本发明化合物与共晶体形成剂接触以及分离由此形成的共晶体。
本发明的化合物可以两种或更多种处于快速平衡的结构不同的形式的混合物(通常称作互变异构体)存在。互变异构体的代表性实例包括酮-烯醇互变异构体、苯酚-酮互变异构体、亚硝基-肟互变异构体、亚胺-烯胺互变异构体等。要理解,本申请的范围涵盖所有这样的以任意比例(例如60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%)的异构体或其混合物。
本申请涵盖所述化合物的所有可能的结晶形式或多晶型物,其可为单一多晶型物或多于一种多晶型物的任意比例的混合物。
本申请的化合物可以溶剂合物(如水合物)的形式存在,其中本申请的化合物包含作为所述化合物晶格的结构要素的溶剂,例如水、甲醇或乙醇。所述溶剂的量可以化学计量比或非化学计量比存在。
如本申请所用,术语“前药”是指可以在生物学条件(体外或体内)下水解、氧化或进行其他反应以提供本发明所述化合物的衍生物。前药仅在生物学条件下经过该反应成为活性化合物,或者它们在它们不反应的形式中不具有或仅具有较低活性。通常可以使用公知的方法制备前药,例如Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and DrugDiscovery(1995)172-178,949-982(Manfred E.Wolff编,第5版)中描述的那些方法。
如本申请所用,术语“同位素标记化合物”是指化合物中一个或多个原子用相同原子数但原子质量或质量数不同于自然界中占优势原子质量或质量数的原子替换。适于包含入本发明化合物的同位素的实例包括但不限于氢同位素比如2H,3H;碳同位素比如11C,13C和14C;氯同位素比如36Cl;氟同位素比如18F;碘同位素比如123I和125I;氮同位素比如13N和15N;氧同位素比如15O,17O和18O;和硫同位素比如35S。
如本申请所用,术语“药学可接受的”或者与其可互换使用的“可药用的”,例如在描述“药学可接受的盐”时,表示该盐其不但可指受试者生理学上可接受,而且还可指在药学上有使用价值的合成物质,例如在为进行手性拆分时所形成的作为中间体的盐,虽然这种中间体的盐并不能直接给予受试者,但该盐可在为获得本发明终产物中起作用。
如本申请所用,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指在制药上可接受的并且具有母体化合物的所需药理学活性的本发明化合物的盐。这类盐包括:与无机酸或与有机酸形成的酸加成的盐,例如与酒石酸、柠檬酸、扑酸、丙二酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、对甲苯磺酸、乙磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、苯磺酸、羟基萘甲酸、氢碘酸、苹果酸、硬脂酸、鞣酸形成的盐。其它的酸,如草酸,虽然其本身并非药学上可接受的,但可以用于制备用作中间体的盐,以获得本发明化合物及其药学上可接受的盐。或者,在母体化合物上存在的酸性质子被金属离子,例如碱金属离子或碱土金属离子取代时形成的盐,例如形成钠盐、钾盐、镁盐或钙盐。或者,与有机碱形成的配位化合物,所述的有机碱诸如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺或N-甲基葡糖胺等,例如形成铵盐。
如本申请所用,术语“任选被取代”表示可以被取代,也可以不被取代。
如本申请所用,术语“(C1-C6)烷基”是指具有1至6个碳原子,如1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的直链或支链一价饱和烃基基团。(C1-C6)烷基包括(C1-C5)烷基、(C1-C4)烷基、(C1-C3)烷基等,具体的例子包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基等。
如本申请所用,术语“(C6-C10)芳基”是指具有单环或两个稠合环的由6至10个(如6、7、8、9或10个)碳原子组成的具有共轭π电子体系的不饱和基团。具体的例子包括但不限于苯基和萘基。
如本申请所用,术语“(5-9元)杂芳基”是指由5至9个(如5、6、7、8、9个)环原子组成的具有共轭π电子体系的基团,包括单环杂芳族环和多环芳族环,其中1、2、3或4个环原子为杂原子,其余为碳原子;优选地所述杂原子选自N、O或S,其中氮原子任选地被季铵化,氮和硫杂原子可任选被氧化。(5-9元)杂芳基包括5-9元、6-9元、5-6元、5元、6元杂芳基等,具体的例子包括但不限于咪唑基、噻唑基、吡啶基、噻吩基或呋喃基等。
如本申请所用,术语“药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂”指在药理学和/或生理学上与受试者和活性成分相容的载体和/或赋形剂,其是本领域公知的(参见例如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.Edited by Gennaro AR,19th ed.Pennsylvania:MackPublishing Company,1995)。药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂包括但不限于:pH调节剂,表面活性剂,离子强度增强剂,稀释剂,维持渗透压的试剂,延迟吸收的试剂,防腐剂,稳定剂。例如,pH调节剂包括但不限于磷酸盐缓冲液。表面活性剂包括但不限于阳离子,阴离子或者非离子型表面活性剂,例如Tween-80。离子强度增强剂包括但不限于氯化钠。防腐剂包括但不限于各种抗细菌试剂和抗真菌试剂,例如对羟苯甲酸酯,三氯叔丁醇,苯酚,山梨酸等。维持渗透压的试剂包括但不限于糖、NaCl及其类似物。延迟吸收的试剂包括但不限于单硬脂酸盐和明胶。稀释剂包括但不限于水,水性缓冲液(如缓冲盐水),醇和多元醇(如甘油)等。防腐剂包括但不限于各种抗细菌试剂和抗真菌试剂,例如硫柳汞,2-苯氧乙醇,对羟苯甲酸酯,三氯叔丁醇,苯酚,山梨酸等。稳定剂具有本领域技术人员通常理解的含义,其能够稳定药物中的活性成分的期望活性,包括但不限于谷氨酸钠,明胶,SPGA,糖类(如山梨醇,甘露醇,淀粉,蔗糖,乳糖,葡聚糖,或葡萄糖),氨基酸(如谷氨酸,甘氨酸),蛋白质(如干燥乳清,白蛋白或酪蛋白)或其降解产物(如乳白蛋白水解物)等。
如本申请所用,如未特别指明,“%”是指重量/重量的百分比,特别是在描述固体物质的情况下。当然,在描述液体物质时,该“%”可以指重量/体积的百分比(对于固体溶于液体的情形),或者可以指体积/体积百分比(对于液体溶于液体的情形)。
如本申请所用,术语“有效量”是指可在受试者中实现治疗和/或预防本发明所述疾病或病症的剂量。如本文所述的,术语“受试者”可以指患者或者其它接受本发明式I化合物或其药物组合物以治疗和/或预防本发明所述疾病或病症的动物,特别是哺乳动物,例如人、狗、猴、牛、马等。
如本申请所用,术语“药物组合物”,其还可以是指“组合物”,其可用于在受试者特别是哺乳动物中实现治疗和/或预防本发明所述疾病或病症。
如本申请所用,术语“治疗”目的是缓解、减轻、改善或消除所针对的疾病状态或病症。如果受试者按照本文所述方法接受了治疗量的所述配体偶联药物或其消旋体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、可药用盐,或前述形式的混合物,该受试者一种或多种指征和症状表现出可观察到的和/或可检测出的降低或改善,则受试者被成功地“治疗”了。还应当理解,所述的疾病状态或病症的治疗不仅包括完全地治疗,还包括未达到完全地治疗,但实现了一些生物学或医学相关的结果。
如本申请所用,术语“预防”目的是避免、减少、阻止或延迟疾病或疾病相关症状的出现,并且在相关药物给药前这种疾病或疾病相关症状的还没有出现。“预防”并非需要完全阻止疾病或疾病相关症状的出现,例如,在相关药物给药后可以减小受试者出现特定疾病或疾病相关症状的风险,或者减弱后来出现的相关症状的严重程度,均可认为是“预防”了该疾病的出现或发展。
如本申请所用,术语“疾病和/或病症”是指所述受试者的一种身体状态,该身体状态与本发明所述疾病和/或病症有关。例如,本发明所述疾病和/或病症既可以指一种身体状态,例如呈较高血压的身体状态。
附图说明
图1.sGC003对小鼠高原环境诱导急性肺水肿的影响;
图2.sGC003对小鼠LPS诱导急性肺水肿的影响;
图3.sGC003对高原环境诱导肺水肿小鼠肺组织病理学影响;
图4.sGC003对LPS诱导肺水肿小鼠肺组织病理学影响;
图5.sGC003对LPS诱导肺水肿小鼠肺组织炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的影响;
图6.sGC003对低氧复合LPS诱导急性肺水肿小鼠的影响。
注:如无其他说明,图1、2、5、6中,与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001;模型组与空白组比较,或sGC003组与利奥西呱组、地塞米松组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。本发明所述式(I)所示化合物,例如化合物(Ia)、(Ib)、(Ic)、(Id),可以根据现有技术以及普通化学知识制备获得。
下面示例性地给出化合物(Id)的制备例:
实施例1A:氰基丙酮酸乙酯钠盐
将反应瓶置于冰浴下,温度降至0℃左右,将草酸二乙酯10.7g(0.073mol)和5mL无水乙醚溶液滴加至20mL乙醇钠-乙醇溶液(质量分数20%)中,滴毕,继续搅拌30分钟。滴加2.9g(0.071mol)乙腈和5mL无水乙醚溶液,30℃搅拌24小时。停止反应,抽滤,滤饼用叔丁基甲基醚10mL洗涤3次,得10.7g标题化合物(收率89.6%)。ESI-MS(m/z):140.2[M-Na]-。
实施例2A:3-氟-2-噻吩甲醇
取9.0g(0.062mol)3-氟-2-噻吩甲酸溶于90mL无水THF中,缓慢滴至3.9g(0.103mol)硼氢化钠和90mL无水THF中,反应产生大量气泡,滴毕,继续搅拌30min至不再产生气泡。然后滴加11.0g(0.0433mol)碘和120mL无水THF溶液,于50℃反应8h。用水淬灭反应,乙醚(150mL×3)萃取,饱和食盐水50mL洗涤,减压浓缩除去乙醚,得7.28g标题化合物(收率89.5%)。GC-MS(m/z):M+(132.0)。中间体直接进行下一步反应。
实施例3A:2-氯甲基-3-氟噻吩
取30mL浓盐酸,加至实施例2A制备的3-氟-2-噻吩甲醇中,搅拌15min。补加70mL水,用乙醚(50mL×4)萃取,用稀的碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,然后用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩除去乙醚,得7.46g标题化合物(收率90%)。GC-MS(m/z):150.0(100%),152.0(36%),中间体直接进行下一步反应。
实施例4A:3-氟-2-(肼甲基)噻吩
在反应瓶中,将实施例3A制备的2-氯甲基-3-氟噻吩溶解于无水乙醇,再将反应瓶置于冰浴下,温度降至0℃左右,氮气保护下,将85%水合肼15g滴加至反应体系中,滴毕,升温至回流6小时。减压浓缩除去溶剂,残余物中加入二氯甲烷50mL,0℃下滴加50mL饱和碳酸钠水溶液,萃取,水相再用二氯甲烷(50mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水碳酸钾干燥,抽滤,将有机相浓缩,得产物6.15g(收率85%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-D6)δ7.61–7.53(m,1H),7.00(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.15(s,2H)。
实施例5A:2-氨基-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯
取6.0g(0.043mol)实施例1A制备的氰基丙酮酸乙酯钠盐溶于150mL的1,4-二氧六环中,氮气保护下,室温下,加入4.87g(0.043mol)三氟乙酸。搅拌0.5小时后,加入6.15g(0.042mol)实施例4A的3-氟-2-(肼甲基)噻吩。回流18小时后,减压浓缩除去1,4-二氧六环,加水60mL,用乙酸乙酯(60mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,用饱和食盐水50mL洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后,柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3)洗脱,得黄色固体5.1g(收率45.1%)。ESI-MSm/z 270.05[M+1]+。
实施例6A:5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯
取5.0g(0.0186mol)实施例5A制备的2-氨基-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯,溶于50mL的1,4-二氧六环中,室温下加入3.3g(0.0278mol)3-二甲氨基-2-氟丙烯醛,3.2g(0.0278mol)三氟乙酸,在100℃密闭瓶中反应3天。减压浓缩,加入水50mL,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,减压浓缩后,柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2)洗脱,得2.5g标题化合物(收率41.6%)。ESI-MS m/z 324.04[M+1]+。
实施例7A:5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺
取2.5g实施例6A制备的5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯,溶于30mL氨-甲醇溶液(7N),于密闭瓶中室温搅拌过夜,减压浓缩除去溶剂,得到2.27g标题化合物(收率100%)。
实施例8A:5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲腈
取2.20g(7.5mmol)实施例7A制备的5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰胺,溶于30mL无水四氢呋喃中,加入1.47g(18.7mmol)吡啶,缓慢滴入3.93g(18.7mmol)三氟乙酸酐,室温搅拌过夜。加入冰水50mL,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,有机相用1N盐酸20mL和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液20mL酸碱洗涤,饱和氯化钠水50mL洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩除去溶剂,得2.03g标题化合物(收率98.3%),为淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z277.04[M+1]+。
实施例9A:5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲酰亚胺酸甲酯
取3.43g(0.0124mol)实施例8A制备的5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲腈,溶于150mL无水甲醇中,加入2.68g(0.0496mol)甲醇钠,室温搅拌4小时后,直接投入下一步反应。
实施例10A:5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲脒盐酸盐
取2.98g(0.0496mol)冰醋酸和0.96g(0.0179mol)氯化铵加至实施例9A获得的最终反应液中,氮气保护下,回流12小时。减压浓缩除去溶剂,向残余物中加入5mL丙酮,搅拌,抽滤,固体溶于碳酸钠水溶液(3g溶于50ml水中),搅拌0.5小时后,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩除去2/3溶剂。加入15mL盐酸-乙酸乙酯溶液,冰浴冷却下过夜析晶,减压浓缩除去溶剂,得3.1g标题化合物(以上两步总收率75.8%),为类白色固体。ESI-MS(m/z):294.04[M+1]+。
实施例11A:2-[5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4,b]吡啶-3-基]-5-[(E)-苯基二氮烯基]嘧啶-4,6-二胺
取3.1g(0.0106mol)实施例10A制备的5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-甲脒盐酸盐,溶于100mL无水DMF中,然后加入0.69g(0.0127mol)甲醇钠,2.15g(0.0127mol)苯基偶氮丙二腈,氮气保护下,于110℃反应12小时。冷却至室温后,减压浓缩,抽滤,得到的固体加入到5mL乙醇和50mL水中,搅拌打浆1小时后,抽滤,滤饼依次用水50mL、乙醇10mL洗涤洗固体,得2.9g标题化合物(收率66.7%),为棕色固体。ESI-MS(m/z):464.08[M+1]+。
实施例12A:2-[5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4,b]吡啶-3-基]-嘧啶-4,5,6-三胺
取2.9g(6.24mmol)实施例11A制备的2-[5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4,b]吡啶-3-基]-5-[(E)-苯基二氮烯基]嘧啶-4,6-二胺,1.0g T-1型Raney-Ni(湿重),加入到150mL DMF中,于65℃,65bar压力下氢化12小时。用硅藻土过滤除去催化剂,减压浓缩除去溶剂,降温至室温后加入水(50mL)-乙醇(5mL)混合溶剂,搅拌3小时。抽滤,滤饼用水(50mL)-乙醇(5mL)混合溶剂洗涤,再用5mL乙醇洗涤,50℃烘干得棕色产物2.05g(收率87.6%)。ESI-MS(m/z):375.09[M+1]+。
实施例13A:4,6-二氨基-2-[5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)甲基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-基]-5-嘧啶基氨基甲酸甲酯(化合物(Id))
取2.05g(5.47mmol)实施例12A制备的2-[5-氟-1-(3-氟噻吩-2-基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4,b]吡啶-3-基]-嘧啶-4,5,6-三胺,溶于30mL无水四氢呋喃,室温下,加入0.77g(8.21mmol)氯甲酸甲酯。氮气保护下,60℃反应3小时后,降温至室温,加入水2mL,搅拌30min。抽滤,将所得滤饼加入20mL饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,搅拌1小时。抽滤,将所得滤饼用水20mL洗涤。柱层析分离,梯度洗脱,洗脱剂依次为二氯甲烷:甲醇=50:1~10:1,得1.2g标题化合物,为淡黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:8.89(dd,J=8.9,2.7Hz,1H),8.70(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.49(dd,J=5.5,4.3Hz,1H),6.98(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),6.28(s,4H),5.83(s,2H),3.35(s,3H)。ESI-MS(m/z):433.09[M+1]+。
本发明实验中所使用的细菌内毒素脂多糖(LPS,297-473-0),购自Sigma-Aldrich公司,地塞米松(HY-14648A),购自MedChemExpress公司,利奥西呱(即式(Ia)所示化合物)和sGC003(即式(Ib)所示化合物)根据文献(例如CN102485724A、CN1665811A)记载的方法制备,纯度大于99.5%。
实施例1:高原环境诱导急性肺水肿模型评价抗肺水肿作用
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,18-22g,购自斯贝福北京实验动物科技有限公司。
受试样品:sGC003、利奥西呱,分别用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配置,供灌胃。
实验仪器:低压低氧环境实验舱,贵州风雷公司。
实验方法:通过模拟高原环境的方法建立急性肺水肿模型,将小鼠放置于模拟7000m海拔低压氧舱内,6h即造模成功。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、给药组(分别为利奥西呱组、sGC003低剂量组、sGC003高剂量组),每组8只。给药组分别灌胃给予利奥西呱(10mg/kg),sGC003(5mg/kg),sGC003(10mg/kg);空白组和模型组小鼠分别灌胃给予等量生理盐水。造模前预防给药7天,每天给药1次,造模成功后,检测各组肺水肿程度。
实验结果:见图1。
通过检测肺水肿模型小鼠肺组织湿干质量比(W/D)评价药物抗肺水肿作用。结果显示,与模型组相比,利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组肺湿干质量比明显降低(#P<0.05);sGC003(5mg/kg)与sGC003(10mg/kg)给药均显著降低了肺湿干质量比(##P<0.01,###P<0.001),且sGC003(10mg/kg)组肺湿干质量比显著低于利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组(*P<0.05)。以上结果表明,sGC003能够显著改善高原环境诱导的肺水肿,且其作用优于利奥西呱。
实施例2:在LPS诱导小鼠急性肺水肿模型上评价抗肺水肿作用
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,18-22g,购自斯贝福北京实验动物科技有限公司。
受试样品:sGC003、利奥西呱分别用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配置,供灌胃。
实验方法:气道内滴注细菌内毒素脂多糖(LPS)建立急性肺水肿模型。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、给药组(分别为利奥西呱组、sGC003低剂量组、sGC003高剂量组),每组8只。给药组分别灌胃给予利奥西呱(10mg/kg),sGC003(5mg/kg),sGC003(10mg/kg);空白组和模型组小鼠分别灌胃给予等量生理盐水。造模前预防给药7天,每天给药1次,造模成功后,检测各组肺水肿程度。
实验结果:见图2。
通过检测肺水肿模型小鼠肺组织湿干质量比(W/D)评价药物抗肺水肿作用。结果显示,与模型组相比,利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组肺湿干质量比明显降低(#P<0.05);sGC003(5mg/kg)与sGC003(10mg/kg)给药均显著降低了肺湿干质量比(##P<0.01,###P<0.001),且sGC003(10mg/kg)组肺湿干质量比显著低于利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组(*P<0.05)。以上结果表明,sGC003能够显著改善LPS诱导的肺水肿,且其作用优于利奥西呱。
实施例3:sGC003对高原环境诱导肺水肿小鼠肺组织病理学的影响
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,18-22g,购自斯贝福北京实验动物科技有限公司。
受试样品:两受试样品sGC003、利奥西呱分别用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配置,供灌胃。
实验仪器:奥林巴斯全玻片扫描系统。
实验方法:模拟高原环境的方法建立急性肺水肿模型。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、给药组(分别为利奥西呱组、sGC003低剂量组、sGC003高剂量组)。给药组分别灌胃给予利奥西呱(10mg/kg),sGC003(5mg/kg),sGC003(10mg/kg);空白组和模型组小鼠分别灌胃给予等量生理盐水。造模前预防给药7天,每天给药1次,造模成功后,取各组小鼠右肺上叶,放至40%多聚甲醛中固定,石蜡包埋,进行HE染色,树胶封片,镜下观察肺组织形态变化。
实验结果:见图3。
染色结果显示,高原环境诱导的肺水肿模型小鼠可见明显肺泡壁增厚且厚度不均一,肺泡腔缩小,局部支气管管腔狭窄变形,管腔内可见大量炎性细胞浸润和黏液分泌。与模型组比较,利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组肺泡腔变大,肺泡壁增厚,炎性细胞减少。sGC003(5mg/kg)组与sGC003(10mg/kg)组肺泡腔明显变大,肺泡壁增厚,炎性细胞浸润显著减少,且sGC003对肺组织病理损伤改善程度较利奥西呱更优。
实施例4:sGC003对LPS诱导肺水肿小鼠肺组织病理学的影响
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,18-22g,购自斯贝福北京实验动物科技有限公司。
受试样品:两受试样品sGC003、利奥西呱分别用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配置,供灌胃。
实验仪器:奥林巴斯全玻片扫描系统。
实验方法:气道内滴注LPS建立急性肺水肿模型。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、给药组(分别为利奥西呱组、sGC003低剂量组、sGC003高剂量组)。给药组分别灌胃给予利奥西呱(10mg/kg),sGC003(5mg/kg),sGC003(10mg/kg);空白组和模型组小鼠分别灌胃给予等量生理盐水。造模前预防给药7天,每天给药1次,造模成功后,取各组小鼠右肺上叶,放至40%多聚甲醛中固定,石蜡包埋,进行HE染色,树胶封片,镜下观察肺组织形态变化。
实验结果:见图4。
染色结果显示,LPS诱导的肺水肿模型小鼠可见明显肺泡壁增厚且厚度不均一,肺泡腔缩小,局部支气管管腔狭窄变形,管腔内可见大量炎性细胞浸润和黏液分泌。与模型组比较,利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组肺泡腔变大,肺泡壁增厚,炎性细胞减少。sGC003(5mg/kg)组与sGC003(10mg/kg)组肺泡腔明显变大,肺泡壁增厚,炎性细胞浸润显著减少,且sGC003对肺组织病理损伤改善程度较利奥西呱更优。
实施例5:sGC003对LPS诱导肺水肿小鼠肺组织炎症的改善作用
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,18-22g,购自斯贝福北京实验动物科技有限公司。
受试样品:两受试样品sGC003、利奥西呱用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配置,供灌胃。
实验仪器:酶标仪。
实验方法:气道内滴注LPS建立急性肺水肿模型。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、给药组(分别为利奥西呱组、sGC003低剂量组、sGC003高剂量组),每组6只。给药组分别灌胃给予利奥西呱(10mg/kg),sGC003(5mg/kg),sGC003(10mg/kg);空白组和模型组小鼠分别灌胃给予等量生理盐水。造模前预防给药7天,每天给药1次,造模成功后,取小鼠右肺下叶,检测炎症因子变化。
实验结果:见图5。
实验结果显示,与模型组相比,利奥西呱(10mg/kg)可以显著降低TNF-α含量(#P<0.05),sGC003(5mg/kg)组与模型组比较无明显差异;sGC003(10mg/kg)组与模型组比较,TNF-α含量显著降低(###P<0.001),且sGC003(10mg/kg)组TNF-α含量显著低于利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组(*P<0.05)。利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组和sGC003(5mg/kg)组IL-6含量与模型组比较均无明显差异;与模型组比较,sGC003(10mg/kg)能够显著降低IL-6含量(##P<0.01),且sGC003(10mg/kg)组IL-6含量显著低于利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组(*P<0.05)。以上结果表明,sGC003能够显著降低急性肺水肿小鼠肺组织炎症,且其作用优于利奥西呱。
实施例6:sGC003对急性低氧复合LPS诱导急性肺水肿的抗肺水肿作用实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,18-22g,购自斯贝福北京实验动物科技有限公司。
受试样品:受试样品sGC003、利奥西呱、地塞米松用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解配置,供灌胃。
实验仪器:低压低氧环境实验舱,贵州风雷公司。
实验方法:通过模拟急性高原缺氧复合LPS气道内滴注的方法建立急性肺水肿模型。小鼠气道内滴注LPS(2.5mg/mL,50μL/25g)后,将小鼠放置于模拟6000m海拔低压氧舱内,24h即造模成功。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、给药组(分别为利奥西呱组、sGC003组)、阳性药组,每组8只。给药组分别灌胃给予利奥西呱(10mg/kg),sGC003(10mg/kg),阳性药组给予地塞米松(4mg/kg);空白组和模型组小鼠分别灌胃给予等量生理盐水。地塞米松分别在造模前、取材前给药,共2次;利奥西呱组和sGC003组在造模前连续给药1周,每天给药1次,造模后检测肺水肿程度。
实验结果:见图6。
通过检测急性低氧复合LPS诱导的肺水肿模型小鼠肺组织湿干质量比(W/D)评价药物抗肺水肿作用。结果显示,与模型相比,sGC003(10mg/kg)可以显著降低肺湿干质量比(###P<0.001),其作用与地塞米松相当;利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组与模型组比较也具有显著性差异(#P<0.05),同时sGC003(10mg/kg)组肺湿干质量比显著低于利奥西呱(10mg/kg)组(*P<0.05)。以上结果表明,sGC003在治疗低氧复合LPS肺水肿模型中,其抗肺水肿作用优于利奥西呱,且与地塞米松作用相当。
按照实施例1-6记载的方法,用式(Id)所示化合物代替化合物sGC003进行相同的实验,结果显示:式(Id)所示化合物与化合物sGC003具有类似的活性,能够显著降低了肺湿干质量比,显著改善高原环境诱导的肺水肿以及LPS诱导的肺水肿;经式(Id)所示化合物处理后,高原环境诱导的肺水肿小鼠或者LPS诱导的高原肺水肿小鼠的组肺泡腔明显变大,肺泡壁增厚,炎性细胞浸润显著减少;式(Id)所示化合物能够显著降低急性肺水肿小鼠肺组织炎症;对急性低氧复合LPS诱导的急性肺水肿具有治疗作用。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制;尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换;而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神,其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.式(I)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者包含式(I)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗高原肺水肿的药物中的应用,
其中:
R1选自氢和(C1-C4)烷基;
R2为(C1-C6)烷基;
R3选自氢和卤素;
Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被1个选自氟、氯和溴的基团取代。
2.权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于以下特征中的一项或多项:
i)R1选自氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基;
ii)R2为(C1-C4)烷基;
iii)R3选自氢、氟、氯和溴。
3.权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于以下特征中的一项或多项:
i)R1选自氢和甲基;
ii)R2选自甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基;
iii)R3选自氢和氟。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于以下特征中的一项或多项:
i)R2选自甲基;
ii)Ar为噻吩基,所述噻吩基任选被1个氟取代。
5.权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其中,所述结构单元为
6.权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其中,Ar为
7.权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其中,式(I)所示化合物选自:
8.权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用,其中,所述载体选自稀释剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体和润滑剂。
9.权利要求8所述的应用,其中,所述药物为片剂、胶囊剂、泡腾片、颗粒剂、散剂、分散片、口服液、丸剂和注射剂。
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