CN116171148A - 用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的包括2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物的药物组合物 - Google Patents
用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的包括2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括2‑(4‑(1‑羟基丙烷‑2‑基)苯基)异吲哚啉‑1‑酮化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,根据本发明的用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物可以通过成功地穿过血脑屏障(BBB)来增加个体的脑中的PGC‑1α的蛋白质水平。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
背景技术
帕金森氏病(其主要的症状是颤动(发抖)、僵硬、共济失调(运动缓慢)和长期不稳定姿势的疾病)是一种由脑中缺乏被称为多巴胺的神经递质而引起的慢性疾病并且是中枢神经系统中的退行性疾病之一,它开始于中脑中的黑质致密部的改变并且伴有其病理生理症状(诸如脑体积减少和α-突触核蛋白(αSyn)聚集以及步态不完美、手颤动和僵硬行为)。
针对帕金森氏病的大多数治疗策略限于用药物(诸如L-DOPA或多巴胺受体激动剂)和深部脑刺激来管理运动功能的症状。另外,处于目前研究水平的这些治疗方法还未能防止多巴胺能神经元(DA)的逐渐死亡。
最近,另一方面,当涉及细胞的死亡和存活时,已经报道了与过氧化物酶体增殖物-激活受体-γ共激活剂-1α(PGC-1α)的功能和可能由PGC-1α失调引起的各种疾病有关的研究。
神经退行性疾病(诸如阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病和卢伽雷氏病)是由神经元的功能逐渐丧失和死亡引起的,并且这些疾病的总体症状是由于神经元的某些部分的丧失引起的。与在PGC-1α敲除小鼠中观察到的由于神经退行性变而引起的活动过度和在大脑皮质中观察到的较少的受损区域不同,注意到的是,基于在脑纹状体中明显地发现的受损部位,PGC-1α与神经退行性疾病直接相关。
此外,除了这些发现之外,在PGC-1α敲除小鼠中的中枢神经系统中的液泡损伤的鉴定显示出PGC-1α在维持神经元功能中起关键作用。
降低的PGC-1α表达增加了BACE1的表达,从而导致线粒体功能减退和细胞死亡,BACE1通过降解和切割引起阿尔茨海默氏病的淀粉样蛋白的祖蛋白来产生β-淀粉样蛋白并且增加β-淀粉样蛋白的量。PGC-1α基因中的单核苷酸突变与发展帕金森氏病和亨廷顿氏病的风险因素的增加高度地相关,并且被公知为降低患有阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病和亨廷顿氏病的患者中的PGC-1α基因的表达。
最近,对针对帕金森氏病的通过针对PGC-1α的功能机制(其与神经退行性疾病密切相关)而药理学地激活PGC-1α的治疗方法越来越感兴趣。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
(专利文献1)韩国第10-1384642号专利
发明内容
技术目的
本公开的目的是提供一种组合物,因为PGC-1α的表达通过包括2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物而在脑中被增强,所以该组合物能够预防或治疗受试者的帕金森氏病。
技术方案
本公开提供了一种用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括作为有效成分的由以下化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
[化学式1]
另外,药物组合物可以增加过氧化物酶体增殖物-激活受体-γ共激活剂-1α(PGC-1α)的表达。
另外,药物组合物可以具有选自于由溶液、悬浮液、糖浆、乳液、脂质体、散剂、粉末、颗粒、片剂、缓释剂和胶囊组成的组中的剂型。
另外,药物组合物可以是用于口服给药的组合物,并且具有包括脂质体的药物载体或缓释剂的剂型。
另外,药物组合物可以是用于肠胃外给药的组合物,并且具有包括脂质体和超声造影剂的药物载体或缓释剂的剂型。
另外,由化学式1表示的化合物是2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮。
根据本公开的另一方面,提供了用于缓解帕金森氏病的健康功能食品,该健康功能食品包括作为有效成分的由化学式1表示的化合物。
根据本公开的另一方面,可以提供一种预防或治疗帕金森氏病的方法,该方法包括向个体给药包括由化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的组合物。
有益效果
根据本公开的用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物成功地穿过血脑屏障(BBB)并且增加在个体的脑中具有神经保护能力的PGC-1α的表达,从而表现出预防或治疗受试者的帕金森氏病的效果。
附图说明
图1示出了示出根据本公开的2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物的合成方法的反应方案。
图2示出了在合成根据本公开的2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物之后用于鉴定结构的NMR数据。
图3示出了示例2中的示意性化合物筛选实验方法。
图4示出了经由示例2中的荧光素酶检测的针对PGC-1α启动子的活性测量结果图。
图5示出了示出用使PGC-1α启动子的活性增加2.5倍或更多倍的14种药物进行实验的结果的图。
图6示出了在用化合物处理SH-SY5Y细胞系之后来自免疫印迹的蛋白质的图像(示例4)。
图7示出了用化合物喂养的小鼠的黑质(SN)中的PGC-1α蛋白质的免疫印迹(示例4)。
图8示出了用包括化合物的饮食喂养的帕金森氏病模型小鼠的脑组织中的免疫组织化学和免疫印迹(示例5)。
图9示出了用包括化合物的饮食喂养的帕金森氏病模型小鼠的爬杆实验(示例6)。
图10示出了用包括化合物的饮食喂养的帕金森氏病模型小鼠中的PGC-1α和PGC-1α的主要靶基因的表达(示例7)。
具体实施方式
由于本公开可以进行各种修改并且具有各种示例实施例,因此将在附图中示出并且详细描述具体的示例实施例。然而,这并不旨在将本公开限制于具体的示例实施例,并且本公开应被理解为包括包含在本公开的精神和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代物。在描述本公开时,当确定相关已知技术的详细描述可能混淆本公开的主旨时,将省略其详细描述。
本公开提供了一种用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括作为有效成分的由以下化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
[化学式1]
在下文中,将更详细地描述根据本公开的具体实施例的用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物。
针对帕金森氏病的常规治疗策略已经限于使用药物(诸如L-DOPA或多巴胺受体激动剂)和深部脑刺激来管理运动功能的症状,这还未能防止多巴胺能神经元(DA)的逐渐死亡。
因此,本发明人通过确定当给药特定的衍生化合物时该化合物成功地穿过BBB以增加PGC-1α启动子的活性以及PGC-1α在脑中的蛋白质表达水平而完成了本公开。
本公开提供了一种用于预防或治疗帕金森氏病的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括作为有效成分的2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
PGC-1α是线粒体功能的关键调节因子,以共调节针对线粒体生物来说是重要的并且保护线粒体免受氧化应激影响的转录程序。这种PGC-1α水平在患有帕金森氏病的患者中降低,并且帕金森氏病中的PGC-1α水平的下降被认为是由于PGC-1α启动子上的甲基化而引起的。
另一方面,PGC-1α敲除小鼠对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)(帕金森氏病神经毒素)的退行性作用更敏感,PGC-1α的过表达被已知为对N-甲基-4-苯基吡啶鎓离子(MPP+)毒素(MPTP的活性代谢产物)具有保护作用,PGC-1α的过表达还被已知为对α-突触核蛋白、MPTP、氧化应激和鱼藤酮诱导的退化表现出保护作用。
PGC-1α反应基因在衍生自患有帕金森氏病的患者的多巴胺能神经元中下调,这被认为暗示了PGC-1α在帕金森氏病的病因中起重要作用;并且,当作为帕金森氏病的致病蛋白质的PARIS(Parkin的底物)过表达时,多巴胺神经元的损失受到PGC-1α过表达的抑制,这被认为显示出PGC-1α是多巴胺能神经退行性变中的Parkin的主要靶标。
因此,PGC-1α信号传导的缺陷已经成为帕金森氏病中的多巴胺能退化的重要原因,并且由于Parkin的功能障碍而引起的PGC-1α的减少可以是用于帕金森氏病的预防或治疗的主要目标。
在本公开的示例2中,示出了通过荧光素酶检测的PGC-1α的启动子的活性测量结果(图4),并且示出了用使PGC-1α启动子的活性增加2.5倍或更多倍的14种药物进行的实验的结果,其中,作为由化学式1表示的化合物2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮的活性是最高的(图5)。
另外,在本公开的示例4中,根据在用各种浓度的化合物(0μM、0.01μM、0.1μM、1.0μM、10μM,48小时)处理SH-SY5Y细胞系之后进行的免疫印迹的图像分析,发现的是即使在低浓度下,2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮也增加了PGC-1α蛋白质的量(图6)。
另外,如用食物、吲哚布洛芬或YPD-01(2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮)饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养的小鼠的SN中的针对PGC-1α蛋白质的免疫印迹中所示的,发现的是2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮成功地穿过BBB并且在统计学上显著地增加小鼠的SN中的PGC-1α的蛋白质表达(示例4,图7)。
另外,在本公开的示例5中,在用食物或YPD-01饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养帕金森氏病模型小鼠然后在收集脑之后使用切片机将脑切片之后,AAV-PARIS注射明显地杀死了被YPD-01饮食的给药显著地抑制的多巴胺神经元(图8)。
另外,在本公开的示例6中,作为在用食物或YPD-01饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养帕金森氏病模型小鼠之后进行爬杆实验的结果,AAV-PARIS8注射小鼠从杆的顶部落下所需的时间比AAV-GFP注射小鼠长两倍,并且发现的是由于YPD-01给药而引起的行为异常消失(图9)。
另外,在本公开的示例7中,作为在用食物或YPD-01饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养帕金森氏病模型小鼠之后测量PGC-1α和PGC-1α的靶基因的表达的结果,AAV-PARIS对PARIS的过表达导致了PGC-1α表达的抑制及其靶基因的表达的降低。发现的是在用YPD-01饮食喂养的小鼠的黑质中PARIS对PGC-1α和PGC-1α的主要靶基因(NRF-1,Tfam)的表达的抑制显著地恢复(图10)。
另一方面,由以下化学式1表示的化合物是2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮。
[化学式1]
图1是2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮化合物的合成反应方案,图2是在合成化合物之后鉴定结构的NMR数据。
在本公开的药物组合物中,有效成分是化学式I的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物。
如在此所使用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”指诱导期望药理学作用(即,PGC-1α的表达)的化合物的盐。这些盐可以通过使用无机酸(诸如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐和氢碘酸盐)和有机酸(诸如乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯硫酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、氨基磺酸盐、硫酸盐、萘酸盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡庚酸盐(glucoheptanoate)、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、2-羟基乙烷硫酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、草酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和十一酸盐)来形成。如在此所使用的术语“药学上可接受的水合物”指具有期望药理学作用的化合物的水合物,并且如在此所使用的术语“药学上可接受的溶剂化物”指具有期望药理学作用的化合物的溶剂化物。水合物和溶剂化物也可以使用上述酸制备。
另一方面,还可以包括通常用于制备药物组合物的合适的载体、赋形剂和稀释剂。另外,可以根据常规方法将其制剂为口服剂型(诸如散剂、颗粒、片剂、胶囊、悬浮液、乳液、糖浆和气溶胶)以及外用剂、栓剂和无菌注射溶液的形式。
可以包括在组合物中的载体、赋形剂和稀释剂是乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、藻酸盐、明胶、磷酸钙、硅酸钙、纤维素、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和矿物油。当制剂组合物时,其可以使用通常使用的稀释剂或赋形剂(诸如填充剂、增量剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、表面活性剂等)来制备。
根据本公开的药物组合物可以以药学有效量给药。如在此所使用的术语“药学有效量”指足以以可适用于医学治疗的合理益处/风险比治疗疾病的量。患者的疾病类型、严重程度、药物活性、对药物的敏感性、给药时间、给药途径、排泄速率、治疗期、包括伴随药物的因素和医学领域中公知的其它因素可以确定有效剂量水平。
根据本公开的药物组合物可以优选地与伴随药物同时、分开或顺序地给药以便增强治疗效果,并且可以通过单剂量或多剂量给药。考虑到上述所有因素,重要的是以可以得到最大效果而没有副作用的最小量的量给药,这可以由本领域技术人员容易地确定。具体地,根据本公开的药物组合物的有效量可以根据患者的年龄、性别、状况和体重、有效成分在体内的吸收、无活性率和排泄率、疾病类型以及伴随药物而变化。
本公开的药物组合物可以通过各种途径给药到个体。所有给药方式(包括例如口服给药、鼻内给药、经支气管给药、动脉注射、静脉内注射、皮下注射、肌内注射或腹膜内注射)都是可预测的。
本公开的药物组合物根据作为有效成分的药物类型以及各种相关因素(诸如待治疗的疾病、给药途径、患者的年龄、性别、体重和疾病的严重程度)来确定。
在本公开的另一方面,本公开提供了一种包括向个体给药药物组合物的抑制神经炎症的方法。如在此所使用的术语“个体”指需要治疗疾病的受试者,更具体地,人或非人灵长目动物以及哺乳动物(诸如小鼠、狗、猫、马和牛)。
另外,根据本公开的示例实施例的药物组合物可以是选自于由溶液、悬浮液、糖浆、乳液、脂质体、散剂、粉末、颗粒、片剂、缓释剂和胶囊组成的组中的剂型。
此外,组合物可以是用于口服给药的组合物,并且具有包括脂质体的药物载体或缓释剂的剂型。另外,组合物可以是用于肠胃外给药的组合物,并且具有包括脂质体和超声造影剂的药物载体或缓释剂的剂型。
本公开的药物组合物可以被包封在脂质体中,以在用于药物递送的剂型中提供稳定性。在此所使用的脂质体可以通过多元醇、表面活性剂、磷脂、脂肪酸和水的混合物来制备。
用在脂质体中的多元醇没有特别限制,并且优选地包括丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘油、甲基丙二醇、异戊二醇、戊二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇和山梨糖醇,但是最优选地是丙二醇。
本领域已知的任何表面活性剂可以用于制备脂质体,诸如可以使用阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂,优选地使用阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂的具体示例包括酰基谷氨酸烷基酯、磷酸烷基酯、乙酰化烷基酯、磷酸二烷基酯和磷酸三烷基酯。非离子表面活性剂的具体示例包括烷氧基化烷基醚、烷氧基化烷基酯、烷基聚糖苷、聚甘油酯和糖酯。
包括天然磷脂和合成磷脂的磷脂(优选地,卵磷脂)(用在脂质体的制备中的另一组分)被用作两亲脂质。用在脂质体制备中的脂肪酸是高级脂肪酸,优选地是C12-C22烷基链的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸,包括例如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸。用于脂质体的制备的水通常是去离子蒸馏水。
脂质体的制备可以通过本领域已知的各种方法进行,但是最优选地是通过将包括组分的混合物施涂到高压均化器来进行制备。由此制备的脂质体系统具有溶解各种类型的难溶物质并且使不稳定物质稳定的优点,从而使药物递送最大化。
本公开的药物组合物可以被制备为缓释剂,以通过连续维持有效成分的有效血液浓度来减少药物的剂量数来增加药物依从性。
除了本公开的有效成分之外,通过包括缓释载体和其它佐剂来制备缓释剂。本领域已知的各种缓释载体可以用于在此可以使用的缓释载体,但是优选地是聚环氧乙烷。
除了其它佐剂之外,还可以包括通常用于药物领域中的稀释载体。用于这种目的的稀释载体的示例包括乳糖、糊精、淀粉、微晶纤维素、磷酸一氢钙、碳酸钙、糖和二氧化硅,并且可以包括其它助流剂(诸如硬脂酸锌或镁)以增加流动性,或者可以包括在药学领域中可用的其它佐剂。
本公开的组合物可以用于向其中过氧化物酶体增殖物-激活受体-γ共激活剂-1α(PGC-1α)的表达降低的受试者给药。
根据本公开的另一个方面,可以提供一种用于改善帕金森氏病的健康功能食品,该健康功能食品包括作为有效成分的由化学式1表示的化合物。
当本公开的组合物被制备为食品组合物或功能食品组合物时,其不仅可以包括作为有效成分的化学式I的化合物,而且可以包括在食品制备期间通常添加的组分,包括例如蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、营养素、调味剂和增味剂。上述碳水化合物的示例包括:单糖,诸如葡萄糖和果糖;二糖,诸如麦芽糖、蔗糖和寡糖;以及多糖,诸如常规糖(如糊精和环糊精);以及糖醇,诸如木糖醇、山梨糖醇和赤藓糖醇。作为增味剂,可以使用天然增味剂和合成增味剂(糖精、阿斯巴甜等)。另外,当本公开的食物组合物被制备为饮料时,除了本公开的化学式I的化合物之外,还可以包括柠檬酸、液体果糖、糖、葡萄糖、乙酸、苹果酸、果汁、杜仲树皮提取物、枣提取物、甘草提取物等。
根据本公开的另一方面,提供了一种预防或治疗帕金森氏病的方法,该方法包括向受试者给药包括由化学式1表示的化合物的制剂。
用于实施发明的方式
在下文中,将参照附图详细描述本公开的优选示例实施例。然而,这些示例实施例仅旨在示出本公开,并且本公开的范围不将被解释为受到这些示例实施例的限制。
示例1:报告细胞系和人细胞系的制备
为了制备用于稳定报告SH-SY5Y细胞(SH-PGC-1α-Luc)的制备的慢病毒,将1-kbpGL3-PGC-1α启动子-荧光素酶克隆到pGreenFire(System Biosciences),首先制备慢病毒构建体(由来自日本的筑波大学(University of Tsukuba)的Akyosi Fukamizu提供)。
用32μg的pGreenFire载体、9μg的VSVg包膜、6.25μg的Prev和12.5μg的pMDL对培养在15cm培养皿中的HEK293T细胞进行转染。
在48小时之后,收集病毒上清液并且使用超速离心法对其进行浓缩,用PBS溶解病毒小球。用浓缩的病毒对SH-SY5Y细胞进行处理并且在一天后用嘌呤霉素(1μg/mL)对其进行筛选。
为了培养人成神经细胞SH-SY5Y细胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA),使用10% FBS(vol/vol,Welgene Gold Serum,cat#S 001-07)和包括抗生素的DMEM(Welgene fresh mediaDMEM,cat#LM 001-05),其中,在5%二氧化碳存在下在37℃下的培养箱(Forma DirectHeat CO2培养箱,Thermo Scientific)中进行培养。
示例2:化合物筛选和数据分析以确定增加PGC-1α的表达的化合物
考虑到药物的性质,从230,000种药物中分类出8,320种化合物的库(韩国化学库,Daegeon),该库是6,000种药物和2,320种光谱采集(Microsource,https://www.msdiscovery.com/spectrum.html)的组合库,其质量是通过液相色谱质谱(LC-MS)可控制的(60%的临床批准的药物,25%的天然产物,15%的生物活性药物)。
为了确定该实验对于高通量筛选(HTS)的适用性,测量了标准参数(包括信号-背景(S/B)比、每日变化率和针对每个板的变化率)以及Z'因子和变异系数(CV)。
所有HTS实验遵循NIH指南(High-Throughput Screening Assay GuidanceCriteria,
https://www.ncats.nih.gov/research/reengineering/ncgc/assay/criteria/criteria.html)。
将SH-PGC-1α-Luc分配在白色平底96孔板中,其中,进行培养以每孔在100μL的DMEM(10% FBS+青霉素/链霉素(P/S))中容纳10,000个细胞,并且在5% CO2存在下在37℃下的培养箱中使细胞稳定12小时。
第二天,将每种药物加入到50μL的温热的DMEM至最终浓度为20μM,然后从含细胞的板取出50μL的DMEM,并且加入50μL的含药物的DMEM(最终浓度是10μM)。然后将细胞暴露于药物48小时,并且使用SteadyGlo试剂(Promega)测量荧光素酶活性。
每个板具有三个内部对照,大豆苷元(阳性对照,10μM)和两个阴性对照(用DMSO处理和未用DMSO处理)。针对每个孔的荧光素酶测量值以基于未处理对照的平均值的比例显示。
该实验的Z'因子显示出0.5与1之间的值。通过比较对照的变化来测量每个孔、板和实验日之间的差异。还检查DMSO抗性、试剂的稳定性和实验条件以证明有效性。
经由荧光素酶检测的针对PGC-1α启动子的活性测量结果显示在图4中。通过读取第一数据测量荧光素酶活性,其中,基于DMSO进行比较,并且图4中的蓝色正方形框表示大于1.5倍活化的药物。
用使PGC-1α启动子的活性增加2.5倍或更多倍的14种药物进行的实验结果显示在图5中(图5中的YPD-01是作为由在此的化学式1表示的化合物的2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮,YPD-02是2-[4-(3-氧代-1H-异吲哚-2-基)苯基]丙酸,YPD-03是2-(4-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)苯基)丙酸异丙酯)。
示例3:用于免疫印迹的SH-SY5Y细胞和组织取样
将RIPA缓冲液加入到SH-SY5Y细胞和C57L/6N小鼠的SN,然后用均化器进行均化。此后,重复冷冻和融化过程三次,并且使用基于BSA的BCA试剂盒进行定量以检查蛋白质的总量。
通过加入2×SDS样品缓冲液,在95℃加热10分钟来进行免疫印迹,然后用抗体处理期望蛋白质来确定溶解物。
在免疫印迹实验中,使用ImageJ(NIH,Bethesda,MO,USA,https://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/)程序测量条带的暗度,并且使用与上样对照成比例的蛋白质条带的暗度进行统计学分析。使用GraphPad Prism版本7(GraphPad Software)程序进行统计学分析。对于数据,应用非配对双尾学生t检验,其中,p<0.05表示统计学显著性。
在下面的示例4中,当样品通过学生t检验与对照相比显示出统计学显著性时,用星号标记(*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001)。
示例4:2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮在SH-SY5Y细胞系和小鼠脑中的作用
如示例3中所示,图6中示出了在用化合物(10μM,48小时)处理SH-SY5Y细胞系之后进行的免疫印迹的图像。
如图6中所示,发现的是YPD-02(2-[4-(3-氧代-1H-异吲哚-2-基)苯基]丙酸)和YPD-03(2-(4-(1-氧代异吲哚啉-2-基)苯基)丙酸异丙酯)随着药物浓度的增加(0.01μM、0.1μM、1μM、10μM)而增加了PGC-1α蛋白质的量,而YPD-01(2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮)与浓度无关的增加了PGC-1α蛋白质的量。
在图7中,示出了针对衍生自用食物、YPD-02(2-[4-(3-氧代-1H-异吲哚-2-基)苯基]丙酸)或YPD-01(2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮)饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养1周的小鼠的SN的蛋白质的免疫印迹(用β-肌动蛋白定量的定量图/数据被表示为平均值±SEM/通过应用非配对双尾学生t检验测量统计学显著性,*p<0.05,**p<0.01.)。
通过图7中的结果,发现的是YPD-01(2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮)成功地穿过BBB并且增加了小鼠的SN中的PGC-1α的蛋白质水平。
示例5:YPD-01对帕金森氏病模型小鼠中的多巴胺神经元的死亡的抑制作用
为了制备帕金森氏病模型小鼠,将AAV-PARIS立体定向地注射到黑质区域中。用食物或YPD-01(2-(4-(1-羟基丙烷-2-基)苯基)异吲哚啉-1-酮)饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养小鼠4周,然后收集脑并且使用切片机进行切片。通过使用TH抗体、神经元多巴胺标记物在被切成35um切片的小鼠脑组织中进行反应然后将其暴露于维司它汀(Vectastine)ABC(Vectorbiolabs)和DAB(Sigma)溶液来显现多巴胺能神经元。在每个实验中使用六只大鼠。
-经由立体定位注射引入腺相关病毒(AAV)
将100μL戊巴比妥(10mg/mL)注射到8周龄小鼠的腹部中进行麻醉,剥离小鼠颅骨膜,然后基于前囟标记左脑(X:1.2,Y:-3.2,Z:-4.5)和右脑(X:1.2,Y:3.2,Z:-4.5)区域。将标记部分钻孔,并且通过注射器缓慢地注射病毒(每0.2μL 30秒)。在将病毒注射到左脑中然后等待2分钟之后,在另一侧进行相同的程序。在手术缝合之后,小心地监测小鼠,并且随后在笼中繁殖直至恢复。
-免疫印迹(蛋白质印迹,WB)
收集其中立体定位地注射有AAV-PARIS并且用食物或YPD-01饮食(0.5%w/w)喂养4周的小鼠的中脑,并且用RIPA溶解缓冲液提取蛋白质。通过BCA验证方法将蛋白质的浓度调节至4mg/mL。通过与2x Laemmli样品缓冲液混合,在7%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中进行电泳。在转移之后,将一抗和HRP结合的二抗进行附着,然后使用ECL溶液进行显色。AAV-GFP用作AAV-PARIS的对照。
-免疫组织化学
将切成35um冰切片的小鼠脑组织与酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)抗体(神经元多巴胺标记物)在4℃下反应过夜,第二天使用生物素结合的二抗进行反应,然后通过暴露于维司它汀ABC(Vector Biolabs)和DAB(Sigma)溶液使多巴胺神经元的形状发育。将发育的脑组织放置在载玻片上并且在显微镜下检查。
如图8中所示,AAV-PAIS注射明显地杀死了多巴胺神经元,并且在用YPD-01饮食喂养的小鼠中,多巴胺神经元的死亡被有目的地抑制。与免疫组织化学中显示的结果一致,作为使用TH抗体在小鼠的黑质中进行免疫印迹的结果,多巴胺神经元标志物(用β-肌动蛋白定量的定量图/数据被表示为平均值±SEM/通过应用单向ANOVA测量统计学显著性,*p<0.05,***p<0.001),重新确定了AAV-PARIS对多巴胺神经元的死亡被YPD-01抑制,如通过免疫组织化学中发现的结果所证实的。
示例6:YPD-01对帕金森氏病的行为异常的抑制作用
为了确定YPD-01是否有效抑制帕金森氏病模型中的多巴胺神经元的死亡和帕金森氏病样行为异常,如在上面示例5中所示,进行了爬杆实验,这是最可靠的行为实验。
-爬杆测试
为了研究行为异常,将帕金森氏病模型小鼠转移到爬杆实验笼,以使小鼠适应3分钟,然后将小鼠尾部抬起并且放置在竖直地直立的杆的尖端上。测量从小鼠从杆的尖端取下其后足的时刻直到小鼠向下到达地板的时间。
如图9中所示,由于潜在的AAV-PARIS诱导的多巴胺神经元的死亡,注射有AAVPARIS的小鼠从杆的顶部下降所需的时间比注射有(用作对照的)AAV-GFP的小鼠从杆的顶部下降所需的时间长约两倍。通过YPD-01摄入,行为异常的症状消失,与以上示例5中所描述的多巴胺神经元的死亡的抑制一致(数据被表示为平均值±SEM/通过应用单向ANOVA测量统计学显著性,*p<0.05)。
示例7:证实YPD-01增加了帕金森氏病模型小鼠中的PGC-1α的表达
在如示例5中设定的动物模型实验中,通过RT-qPCR方法测量PGC-1α和PGC-1α的主要靶基因(NRF-1,Tfam)的表达是否由于YPD-01摄入而增加。
-逆转录定量实时聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)
收集其中立体定位地注射有AAV-PARIS并且用食物或YPD-01饮食喂养4周的小鼠的中脑,并且使用总RNA提取试剂盒(Intron Biotechnology)提取RNA。使用cDNA合成试剂盒(Enzynomics)和来自提取的RNA的寡聚dT合成cDNA。使用用于待分析基因的引物和SYBRgreen(Qiagen)试剂,经由qPCR定量转子基因Q(Qiagen)中的基因表达。
如图10中所确定的,AAV-PARIS对PARIS的过表达导致PGC-1α表达的抑制及其靶基因的表达的降低。PARIS诱导的PGC-1α和PGC-1α的主要靶基因(NRF-1、Tfam)的表达的抑制在用YPD-01喂养的小鼠的黑质中显著地恢复(用β-肌动蛋白定量的定量图/数据被表示为平均值±SEM/通过应用单向ANOVA测量统计学显著性,*p<0.05,**p<0.01;ns,不显著)。
由于以上详细描述了本公开的具体部分,因此对于本领域技术人员来说将明显的是,这些具体技术仅是优选实施例,并且本公开的范围不限于此。因此,本公开的实质范围将由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物增加过氧化物酶体增殖物-激活受体-γ共激活剂-1α(PGC-1α)的表达。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物具有选自于由溶液、悬浮液、糖浆、乳液、脂质体、散剂、粉末、颗粒、片剂、缓释剂和胶囊组成的组中的剂型。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物是用于口服给药的组合物,并且具有包括脂质体的药物载体或缓释剂的剂型。
5.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物是用于肠胃外给药的组合物,并且具有包括脂质体和超声造影剂的药物载体或缓释剂的剂型。
6.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物被给药到其中过氧化物酶体增殖物-激活受体-γ共激活剂-1α(PGC-1α)的表达降低的受试者。
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