CN115530165B - 一种异色瓢虫引诱剂、其制剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种异色瓢虫引诱剂、其制剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种异色瓢虫引诱剂、其制剂及制备方法和应用,属于害虫的生物防治领域。引诱剂由下列重量份的原料组成:香紫苏醇5‑8份、松油醇5‑8份、桉叶油醇5‑8份和壬醛75‑85份。引诱剂的制备方法是将上述原料混合搅拌均匀后即得引诱剂。引诱制剂由引诱剂和稀释剂组成,引诱剂与稀释剂的质量比为1:(1‑10)。引诱制剂的制备方法是将上述引诱剂原料直接添加到稀释剂中,搅拌均匀即得引诱制剂。引诱剂和引诱制剂在制备吸引异色瓢虫药物中的应用。本发明具有以下优点:引诱剂及其制剂对异色瓢虫有很好的引诱作用,且对其他天敌无害,是环境友好型的防治技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于害虫的生物防治领域,具体涉及一种异色瓢虫引诱剂、其制剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
虫害诱导挥发物HIPVs作为特殊化学信号介导植物-昆虫群落之间的相互作用,影响昆虫的行为。HIPVs主要分为萜烯类化合物和绿叶挥发物green leaf volatile,GLV,以及含氮、硫等物质。萜烯类化合物是植物挥发物中最丰富的一种,也是虫害后诱导产生最常见的化合物,其中单萜、二萜等挥发性物质在害虫危害后释放并直接参与植物防御,如吸引天敌昆虫。
异色瓢虫属鞘翅目、瓢虫科,在我国广泛分布,可有效控制木虱、蚜虫等害虫,也是农林生态系统中的主要捕食性天敌。
在以往天敌引诱剂配方的研究中,互利素是其主要有效组成成分,互利素为虫害诱导的植物挥发物,其效果受到物质种类和浓度配比的限制。因此,需要进一步改良。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于公开了一种异色瓢虫引诱剂以及引诱制剂。
本发明的另一个目的在于公开了异色瓢虫引诱剂和引诱制剂的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于公开了异色瓢虫引诱剂和引诱制剂的应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种异色瓢虫引诱剂,其中,所述引诱剂由下列重量份的原料组成:香紫苏醇5-8份、松油醇5-8份、桉叶油醇5-8份和壬醛75-85份。
上述技术方案所述的异色瓢虫引诱剂,其中,各原料的重量份为:香紫苏醇7.7份、松油醇7.7份、桉叶油醇7.7份和壬醛76.9份。
上述技术方案所述的异色瓢虫引诱剂的制备方法,其中:称取所述重量份的香紫苏醇、松油醇、桉叶油醇和壬醛,混合搅拌均匀后即得异色瓢虫引诱剂。
一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂,其中:所述制剂由有效成分和稀释剂组成,所述有效成分为上述技术方案所述的引诱剂;所述有效成分与稀释剂的质量比为1:(1-10)。
上述技术方案所述引诱制剂,其中:所述有效成分与稀释剂的质量比为1:(5-10)。
上述技术方案所述引诱制剂,其中:所述稀释剂为液体石蜡。
上述技术方案所述的引诱制剂的制备方法,其中:将所述重量份的香紫苏醇、松油醇、桉叶油醇和壬醛直接添加到稀释剂中,搅拌均匀即得引诱制剂。
上述技术方案所述的异色瓢虫引诱剂或上述技术方案所述的引诱制剂在制备吸引异色瓢虫药物中的应用。
上述技术方案所述的应用,其中:所述应用是指在果园中蚜虫夏季发生高峰期为5-6月份之前,将所述引诱制剂填充到缓释材料中,悬挂于果园区域内。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
虫害诱导挥发物一般都是在害虫侵染之后,植物为应对外界胁迫额外释放的挥发性气味物质,其中的一些挥发性物质会对天敌昆虫表现出吸引作用,这是现在研究的常用体系。本发明的方案在研究的过程中,选择中国北方地区常见的乡土植物--荆条,提取棉蚜危害的荆条挥发物,因此引诱剂对异色瓢虫有很好的引诱作用,且对其他天敌无害,是环境友好型的防治技术。
附图说明
、图1为5种不同实施例对异色瓢虫的嗅觉吸引效果。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案便于理解,以下结合具体实施例对本发明一种异色瓢虫引诱剂、其制剂及制备方法和应用作进一步的说明。
实施例1:一种异色瓢虫引诱剂:
称取香紫苏醇7.7mg、松油醇7.7mg、桉叶油醇7.7mg和壬醛76.9mg,将上述原料混合搅拌均匀后即得引诱剂。
实施例2:一种异色瓢虫引诱剂:
称取香紫苏醇5mg 、松油醇5mg、桉叶油醇8mg和壬醛85mg,将上述原料混合搅拌均匀后即得引诱剂。
实施例3:一种异色瓢虫引诱剂:
称取香紫苏醇8mg 、松油醇8mg、桉叶油醇5mg和壬醛75mg,将上述原料混合搅拌均匀后即得引诱剂。
实施例4:一种异色瓢虫引诱剂:
称取香紫苏醇5mg 、松油醇8mg、桉叶油醇7mg和壬醛70mg,将上述原料混合搅拌均匀后即得引诱剂。
实施例5:一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂:
1、称取香紫苏醇7.7mg、松油醇7.7mg、桉叶油醇7.7mg和壬醛76.9mg;
2、称取液体石蜡100mg;
3、将步骤1中的香紫苏醇、松油醇、桉叶油醇和壬醛直接添加到步骤2中的液体石蜡中,搅拌均匀即得引诱制剂。
实施例6:一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂:
本实施例与实施例5相同,区别仅在于液体石蜡的含量为200mg。
实施例7:一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂:
本实施例与实施例5相同,区别仅在于液体石蜡的含量为500mg。
实施例8:一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂:
本实施例与实施例5相同,区别仅在于液体石蜡的含量为1000mg。
实施例9:一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂:
本实施例与实施例5相同,区别仅在于液体石蜡的含量为2000mg。
以下通过具体试验例来说明本发明所具有的有益效果。
试验例1:嗅觉方法:
在昆虫行为观察箱内利用Y型嗅觉仪测试异色瓢虫成虫对实施例5~实施例9的选择偏好行为。
混合溶质成分及比例为香紫苏醇:松油醇:桉叶油醇:壬醛=7.7:7.7:7.7:76.9,混合溶质:溶剂=1:1-10,液体石蜡(石蜡油)作为溶剂。
试验选用Y型昆虫嗅觉仪,Y型管主臂长15 cm,2个管臂长10 cm,连接上250 mL的锥形瓶,大气采样仪输送空气进入活性炭管,经过装有蒸馏水的长颈蒸馏瓶,空气通过橡胶管进入嗅觉仪,气流流速设定为400 mL/min。取10μL溶液滴加到长方形滤纸上(2 cm×1cm)并放入味源瓶中,另一个气味瓶中的滤纸上滴加10 μL石蜡油溶液,每小时更换一次滤纸。试验前对异色瓢虫成虫饥饿处理24 h,将单头异色瓢虫成虫放入Y型管主臂,观察异色瓢虫的行为反应。当瓢虫处于主臂管中心处开始计时,当瓢虫越过Y型管两臂1/2处且在此区域内停留时间在5s以上时,记为做出选择反应;当放入瓢虫在5 min内无明显选择趋向,则记为无反应。试验中每头瓢虫只测试1次,每测试1头瓢虫需交换两臂位置,每测试5头更换Y型管,每组雌雄成虫各测试60头。
异色瓢虫对不同试验例的嗅觉选择结果采用卡方检验,首先对选择两臂的瓢虫数量原始数据进行加权处理,然后选用非参数检验中的卡方检验进行比较分析。
嗅觉测试结果如图1所示,图1为实施例5~实施例9对异色瓢虫的嗅觉吸引效果,其中横轴代表瓢虫的选择率,选择左边实施例和对照石蜡油的比例。
嗅觉测试结果表明实施例5、6、7、8对异色瓢虫(x 2=4.282,P=0.039;x 2=9.309,P=0.002;x 2=6.813,P=0.009;x 2=4.654,P=0.031)都具有显著的引诱作用,而实施例9对异色瓢虫无显著影响(x 2=0.835,P=0.361)。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上和实质上的限制,凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容,而作出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对以上实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种异色瓢虫引诱剂,其特征在于,所述引诱剂由下列重量份的原料组成:香紫苏醇7.7份、松油醇7.7份、桉叶油醇7.7份和壬醛76.9份。
2.权利要求1所述的异色瓢虫引诱剂的制备方法,其特征在于:称取所述重量份的香紫苏醇、松油醇、桉叶油醇和壬醛,混合搅拌均匀后即得异色瓢虫引诱剂。
3.一种异色瓢虫引诱制剂,其特征在于:所述制剂由有效成分和稀释剂组成,所述有效成分为权利要求1所述的引诱剂;所述有效成分与稀释剂的质量比为1:(1-10)。
4.根据权利要求3所述引诱制剂,其特征在于:所述有效成分与稀释剂的质量比为1:(5-10)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述引诱制剂,其特征在于:所述稀释剂为液体石蜡。
6.权利要求3-5中任一权利要求所述的引诱制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:将所述重量份的香紫苏醇、松油醇、桉叶油醇和壬醛直接添加到稀释剂中,搅拌均匀即得引诱制剂。
7.权利要求1所述的异色瓢虫引诱剂或权利要求3-5中任一权利要求所述的引诱制剂在制备吸引异色瓢虫药物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述应用是指在果园中蚜虫夏季发生高峰期为5-6月份之前,将所述引诱制剂填充到缓释材料中,悬挂于果园区域内。
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CN103271034B (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-04-30 | 福建农林大学 | 一种小菜蛾绒茧蜂的引诱剂及其配制方法 |
WO2017038801A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | アース製薬株式会社 | 飛翔害虫誘引剤 |
CN110583645A (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-20 | 中国计量大学 | 一种异色瓢虫植物源引诱剂及其应用 |
CN111781313B (zh) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-09-09 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | 一种核桃小吉丁植物源引诱剂原料获取方法及其配方 |
CN112889832A (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 兰州大学 | 一种含有白叶藤碱类似物和小分子萜烯类化合物的组合物在防治植物病害中的用途 |
CN113892379B (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-01-31 | 信阳农林学院 | 油茶煤污病的防治方法 |
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