CN114158508B - Method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites - Google Patents
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- CN114158508B CN114158508B CN202111439425.9A CN202111439425A CN114158508B CN 114158508 B CN114158508 B CN 114158508B CN 202111439425 A CN202111439425 A CN 202111439425A CN 114158508 B CN114158508 B CN 114158508B
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000078703 ectoparasite Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites, which is characterized in that a fermentation product of abutilon stem leaves is added in the crayfish breeding process to effectively prevent the parasitic diseases, and the prevention effect is good. The invention has simple operation, low cost, environment protection and easy industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites.
Background
Crayfish (procambarus clarkii), also known as procambarus clarkii, native north america, south america, and north mexico, are foreign species in our country. The occurrence and the popularity of the crayfish diseases influence the growth and the reproduction of the crayfish, so that the immunity is reduced, the disease resistance is poor, the culture yield is reduced, the quality is smooth, and the development of the crayfish culture industry is restricted. Parasite infections are common diseases of crayfish, and the main parasites include radopholus, polyworm, bell worm, and the like. Crayfish can also cause secondary infections of viral or bacterial diseases after infection with parasites.
At present, the traditional method for preventing and controlling crayfish parasites in production is as follows: (1) Before stocking the shrimp larvae, mixing quicklime, tea seed cakes and the like, cleaning the pond, and sprinkling the mixture in the whole pond to kill pathogens, parasitic ova and other enemies; (2) During stocking, 3% -5% saline solution is used for washing and disinfecting for 5-10 minutes so as to kill bacteria and parasites on the body surface; (3) In the cultivation process, pesticide such as crustacean is splashed in the whole pond regularly. The methods can prevent and treat the parasitic diseases to a certain extent, but the drug resistance of the parasites is improved and the prevention and treatment effect is gradually reduced along with the long-term massive use of pesticide. Accordingly, researchers are continually exploring ways to replace traditional pesticides.
The method for preventing the crayfish from being infected by parasites also adopts special compound feed and a specific feeding method. For example, CN109588582a discloses a special compound feed for crayfish, which can prevent and treat crayfish from being infected by parasites, and is composed of flour, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, cotton pulp, fish meal, meat and bone meal, monocalcium phosphate, zeolite powder, premix for crayfish, soybean oil, bentonite, DDGS, corn, betel nut, verbena, pumpkin seed, bupleurum root, astragalus root, magnolia bark, lobelia, poria cocos, liquorice and other components; the traditional Chinese medicine components are added to promote feeding capacity of the crayfish and improve resistance of the crayfish, so that the crayfish is effectively prevented from being infected by parasites. CN107683810a provides a high-yield pond feeding method capable of preventing and treating parasitic infection of crayfish, by reasonably designing a crayfish breeding pond, matching with a plankton breeding pond and a water well, reasonably planning crayfish seedling throwing time and a breeding method, and adopting special compound feed and plankton as baits for preventing and treating crayfish parasitic infection, the breeding purpose for comprehensively preventing and treating crayfish parasitic infection is achieved. All the modes need to prepare special feed containing traditional Chinese medicine components and special breeding devices, have high cost and are not beneficial to industrialization and industrialized popularization and use. Moreover, these methods can only have a certain control effect on the parasites in the crayfish, while the parasites that are the most harmful to crayfish are actually ectoparasites, such as, for example, gardnerella, bell worm, etc. These parasites attach to the crusta, cheeks, appendages, etc. of the crayfish and do not feed on the crayfish, but when attached in large amounts they affect crayfish ingestion, shelling and growth, and in severe cases cause crayfish death in large amounts. The smaller the crayfish, the more affected.
Therefore, finding a way to replace traditional pesticides and effectively prevent the ectoparasitic disease of crayfish is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for effectively preventing infection of crayfish by parasites.
The technical scheme of the invention mainly comprises the following contents:
a method for effectively preventing crayfish from parasite infection comprises adding fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon into crayfish culture water.
Preferably, the abutilon stem and leaf ferment is obtained by aspergillus fermentation.
Preferably, the aspergillus is aspergillus oryzae.
Preferably, the abutilon stem leaf ferment is prepared by the following method: pulverizing and sieving fresh stem and leaf of Abutilon to obtain crushed Abutilon, mixing the crushed Abutilon, glucose and water to obtain mixture, sterilizing, adding Aspergillus oryzae suspension, fermenting for 40-48 hr, and sterilizing to obtain fermented product.
Preferably, the concentration of the Aspergillus oryzae suspension is 10 7 ～10 8 CFU/mL。
Preferably, the crushed abutilon is: glucose: the water mass ratio is 1:0.03 to 0.05:0.6 to 1.0.
Preferably, the addition amount of the aspergillus oryzae suspension is 3-5% of the mass of the mixture.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃. The pH of the water is 7.5-8.0. The practical result shows that the fermentation is carried out by adding water with pH of 7.5-8.0, the effect of the fermentation product on preventing the crayfish parasites is superior to that of natural pH6.9, and the average parasite number of 20d is obviously lower (P is less than 0.05)
Preferably, the input of the fermentation product of the stem and leaf of the abutilon is 200g/667m 2 。
Preferably, the parasites include gardnerella, polyworm, bell worm.
The invention has the following effects:
the invention inputs the fermentation product of the stem and leaf of the abutilon in the crayfish breeding process to effectively prevent the parasitic disease.
The invention has better effect of preventing the parasitosis of the crayfish fries.
The present invention uses abutilon as material, and the plant is common in Hainan area, and has abundant source and low cost. And the abutilon is usually treated as field weeds, so the invention can realize the effective utilization of resources by using the raw materials.
The invention has simple operation, low cost and easy industrialization.
The invention uses the abutilon fermented product, is environment-friendly, and has no environmental pollution problem.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the following provides specific examples to further illustrate the present invention.
Example 1
A method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites: and (3) adding the chingma stem leaf fermented product into the crayfish culture water body.
Fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon: pulverizing fresh caulis Abutili, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain crushed caulis Abutili, and pulverizing Abutili according to the ratio of Abutili to caulis Abutili: glucose: water (ph 7.8) mass ratio of 1.0:0.05:1.0, mixing to obtain a mixture, sterilizing, and adding 10% of the mixture according to 5% of the mass of the mixture 8 Fermenting CFU/mL Aspergillus oryzae suspension in an incubator at 28-32deg.C, taking out and shaking uniformly every 7-8 h, fermenting for 48h, and sterilizing to obtain fermented product.
Example 2
A method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites: and (3) adding the chingma stem leaf fermented product into the crayfish culture water body.
Fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon: pulverizing fresh caulis Abutili, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain crushed caulis Abutili, and pulverizing Abutili according to the ratio of Abutili to caulis Abutili: glucose: water (ph 7.8) mass ratio of 1.0:0.03:0.6, mixing to obtain a mixture, sterilizing, and adding 10% of the mixture according to the mass of 3% 8 Fermenting CFU/mL Aspergillus oryzae suspension in an incubator at 28-32deg.C, taking out and shaking uniformly every 7-8 h, fermenting for 40h, and sterilizing to obtain fermented product.
Example 3
A method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites: and (3) adding the chingma stem leaf fermented product into the crayfish culture water body.
Fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon: pulverizing fresh caulis Abutili, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain crushed caulis Abutili, and pulverizing Abutili according to the ratio of Abutili to caulis Abutili: glucose: water (ph 7.5) mass ratio of 1.0:0.05:1.0, mixing to obtain a mixture, sterilizing, and adding 10% of the mixture according to 5% of the mass of the mixture 8 CFU/mLAspergillus nigerFermenting the bacterial suspension in an incubator at 28-32 ℃, taking out and shaking uniformly every 7-8 h, fermenting for 48h, and sterilizing to obtain a fermented product.
Example 4
A method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites: and (3) adding the chingma stem leaf fermented product into the crayfish culture water body.
Fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon: pulverizing fresh caulis Abutili, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain crushed caulis Abutili, and pulverizing Abutili according to the ratio of Abutili to caulis Abutili: glucose: water (ph 7.8) mass ratio of 1.0:0.05:1.0, mixing to obtain a mixture, sterilizing, and adding 10% of the mixture according to 5% of the mass of the mixture 7 Fermenting CFU/mL Aspergillus oryzae suspension in an incubator at 28-32deg.C, taking out and shaking uniformly every 7-8 h, fermenting for 48h, and sterilizing to obtain fermented product.
Example 5
A method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites: and (3) adding the chingma stem leaf fermented product into the crayfish culture water body.
Fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon: pulverizing fresh caulis Abutili, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain crushed caulis Abutili, and pulverizing Abutili according to the ratio of Abutili to caulis Abutili: glucose: water (ph 8.0) mass ratio of 1.0:0.05:1.0, mixing to obtain a mixture, sterilizing, and adding 10% of the mixture according to 5% of the mass of the mixture 8 Fermenting CFU/mL Aspergillus oryzae suspension in an incubator at 28-32deg.C, taking out and shaking uniformly every 7-8 h, fermenting for 48h, and sterilizing to obtain fermented product.
Comparative example 1
A method of preventing parasite infestations of crayfish comprising: the crushed stem and leaf of piemarker is put into the crayfish culture water.
Comparative example 2
A method of preventing parasite infestations of crayfish comprising: the water extract of the stem and leaf of the abutilon is put into the crayfish culture water body.
Abutilon stem and leaf water extract: extracting crushed stem and leaf of Abutilon with water for 48 hr to obtain crushed stem and leaf of Abutilon: the water (pH 7.8) is 1g/10ml, and the extract is dried at 50deg.C to remove 90% water to obtain the water extract of stem and leaf of Abutilon.
A small pond with the water depth of 1m is selected, crayfish fries with the age of 30 days and the length of about 4cm are put in, and sterilization and disinsection operations such as spraying quicklime, immersing and washing with saline solution are not carried out before the crayfish fries are put in. After shrimp larvae are put in for 2 days, 200g/667m of experimental group 1 is evenly put in 2 The fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon of example 1, test group 2 was uniformly fed with 200g/667m 2 The fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon of example 3, test group 3 was uniformly fed with 200g/667m 2 Abutilon stem and leaf crushed material of comparative example 1, experiment group 4 was uniformly charged with 200g/667m 2 The water extract of the stem and leaf of Abutilon of comparative example 2. Once every 7 d. Taking the blank group without the materials as a blank control group. No other anti-insect agent was used during the experiment. Other cultivation conditions are carried out in a conventional mode. After 10d and 20d of shrimp larvae cultivation, gill parts of 10 crayfish are randomly taken out from each group, the number of parasites is observed under a microscope (10 times 10), and each group is averaged and the test is repeated three times. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The results show that the fermentation products of the stem and leaf of the abutilon can effectively prevent the crayfish fries from infecting parasites, wherein the fermentation products of the aspergillus oryzae of the experimental group 1 have the best prevention effect. Crayfish grew normally after 20d of culture in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, and had no symptoms of parasitic disease. A large number of parasites are attached to the body surface of the shrimp larvae in the blank control group, so that body surface mucus is increased, brown-like villus is formed on the body surface, and the shrimp larvae are emaciated and have a slow response. The experimental group 4 also showed a certain preventive effect compared to the blank control group, but the effect was inferior to the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2. In addition, according to morphological characteristics of parasites in a blank control group, main parasite types of the crayfish young shrimps are judged to be the gardnerella, the polyworm and the bell worm, wherein the gardnerella and the polyworm have the largest parasitic number. Therefore, the chingma stem leaf fermented product can have a preventive effect on parasitic diseases caused by gardnerella, polyworm, bell worm and the like in the crayfish cultivation process. It is presumed that the preventive effect is probably caused by the active peptide in the fermented product of the stem and leaf of Abutilon.
Through multiple experiments, we determined that the optimal embodiments are:
a method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites: at least 200g/667m of the feed is added into the crayfish culture water body each time 2 The fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon can be added several times in young crayfish stage or in high incidence stage of parasitic disease according to local culture experience, and can be added in adult crayfish stage or low incidence stage of parasitic disease.
Fermented product of stem and leaf of Abutilon: pulverizing fresh caulis Abutili, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain crushed caulis Abutili, and pulverizing Abutili according to the ratio of Abutili to caulis Abutili: glucose: the mass ratio of water (pH 7.5-8.0) is 1.0:0.03 to 0.05:0.6 to 1.0 to obtain a mixture, sterilizing the mixture, and adding the mixture into the mixture according to the concentration of 10 according to the mass of 3 to 5 percent of the mixture 7 ～10 8 Fermenting CFU/mL Aspergillus oryzae suspension in incubator at 28-32deg.C, shaking out every 7-8 hr, fermenting for 40-48 hrAnd (5) post-sterilizing to obtain a fermented product.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for effectively preventing crayfish from being infected by parasites is characterized in that the fermentation product of the stem and leaf of the abutilon is added into crayfish culture water body, and the addition amount of the fermentation product of the stem and leaf of the abutilon is 200g/667m 2 ；
The piemarker stem leaf ferment is prepared by the following method: crushing and sieving fresh abutilon stems and leaves to obtain crushed abutilon, and mixing the crushed abutilon, glucose and water with the pH value of 7.5-8.0 according to the mass ratio of 1:0.03 to 0.05: mixing 0.6-1.0, obtaining a mixture, sterilizing, adding Aspergillus oryzae suspension according to 3-5% of the mass of the mixture, fermenting for 40-48 h, and sterilizing to obtain a fermented product;
the concentration of the Aspergillus oryzae suspension is 10 7 ~10 8 CFU/mL；
The parasites include Verticillium, symphytum, and Toxoplasma gondii.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19920247A1 (en) * | 1999-05-03 | 2000-11-16 | Hassan Jomaa | Drugs containing compounds containing a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle as an active ingredient and their use |
| CN103039751A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-04-17 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Additive for increasing weight and promoting wool yield of sheep |
| CN103583606B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2016-02-17 | 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 | Root knot nematode control agent and its preparation method and application |
| UA126325C2 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2022-09-21 | Споуджен Байотек Інк. | Fusion proteins, recombinant bacteria, and methods for using recombinant bacteria |
| CN104719222B (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2017-01-11 | 宁国市金东坊农业开发有限公司 | Tor brevifilis, grass carp, chub and freshwater shrimp mixed aquaculture method |
| CN106903131A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-30 | 临沧都汇再生资源有限责任公司 | A kind of kitchen garbage fermentation system, method and fermented feed |
| CN108419719A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-08-21 | 平南县德湖种养农民专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of high-quality hilsa herring |
| CN108771012A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-11-09 | 无为县圣达农宝生态养殖有限公司 | A kind of preparation method improving rainy season pig lean meat percentage feed for nursing |
| CN109287867A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-01 | 舞钢市鸿发禽业有限公司 | It is a kind of that compound beneficial microorganism feed is contained based on reduction antibiotic |
| CN110279045A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-09-27 | 清远海贝生物技术有限公司 | A kind of premix and its preparation method and application preventing golden silvery pomfret irritability gill damage |
| CN111937787A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for preventing pelteobagrus fulvidraco from rotting body and application thereof |
| CN112825984A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-25 | 广东海大集团股份有限公司 | Compound traditional Chinese medicine additive, compound feed for preventing 'flower body disease' and preparation method and application thereof |
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2021
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