CN113951392A - Feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113951392A CN113951392A CN202111263631.9A CN202111263631A CN113951392A CN 113951392 A CN113951392 A CN 113951392A CN 202111263631 A CN202111263631 A CN 202111263631A CN 113951392 A CN113951392 A CN 113951392A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- feed
- powder
- steam
- semi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N L-lysine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009479 steam granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 241000701386 African swine fever virus Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000007407 African swine fever Diseases 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004211 gastric acid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- SPSPIUSUWPLVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1CCCC SPSPIUSUWPLVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCC)=CC=C21 AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004470 DL Methionine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030695 Sparse hair Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003871 intestinal function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007413 intestinal health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2-[[2-[[hydroxy-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphosphoryl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NP(O)(=O)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1O IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002898 threonine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
- A23K10/28—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin from waste dairy products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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Abstract
The invention relates to a feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 300-; 110-130 parts of rice; 120-140 parts of flour; 40-69 parts of biscuit powder; 3-5 parts of soybean oil; 15-25 parts of white sugar; 50-70 parts of puffed soybeans; 90-110 parts of soybean meal; 5-15 parts of fish meal; 35-38 parts of low-protein whey powder; 2-3 parts of sodium chloride; 6-7 parts of monocalcium phosphate; 1-3 parts of zinc oxide; 5-6 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride; 7-8 parts of calcium formate; 2-3 parts of DL-methionine; 3-4 parts of L-threonine; 0.1-0.5 parts of L-tryptophan; 2-3 parts of valine; 0.1-0.3 parts of vitamin E; 0.2-0.4 parts of vitamin C; 0.5-1.5 parts of choline chloride; 2-4 parts of suckling pig compound multivitamin; 1-3 parts of porket multiore; 3-5 parts of montmorillonite; 10-20 parts of citric acid; 0.1-0.3 portion of antioxidant; 0.5-1.5 parts of a mildew inhibitor; 20-30 parts of coconut oil powder; 40-60 parts of cheese powder. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of livestock feed, in particular to feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The feed industry in China is developed rapidly, and remarkable progress is made in both production scale and product quality. However, the African swine fever in 2018 comes, so that the situation that the number of piggery cutrooms in live pigs falls and the price of pork rises newly and highly in history is borne all over the country, and serious influence is caused on national economy. Due to the particularity of the African swine fever virus, no effective vaccine is available at present, and the diffusion of the African swine fever is easily caused in links such as feed raw material transportation, feed transportation, live pig transportation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a feed capable of blocking infection or survival of the African swine fever virus by utilizing the characteristics of acid and heat resistance of the African swine fever virus, and simultaneously the feed can improve the resistance of pigs, thereby reducing the morbidity of the pigs. It is noted that the feed is suitable for pig breeding as well as other poultry breeding.
On one hand, the invention provides a feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
300-;
110-130 parts of rice;
120-140 parts of flour;
40-69 parts of biscuit powder;
3-5 parts of soybean oil;
15-25 parts of white sugar;
50-70 parts of puffed soybeans;
90-110 parts of soybean meal;
5-15 parts of fish meal;
35-38 parts of low-protein whey powder;
2-3 parts of sodium chloride;
6-7 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
1-3 parts of zinc oxide;
5-6 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride;
7-8 parts of calcium formate;
2-3 parts of DL-methionine;
3-4 parts of L-threonine;
0.1-0.5 parts of L-tryptophan;
2-3 parts of valine;
0.1-0.3 parts of vitamin E;
0.2-0.4 parts of vitamin C;
0.5-1.5 parts of choline chloride;
2-4 parts of suckling pig compound multivitamin;
1-3 parts of porket multiore;
3-5 parts of montmorillonite;
10-20 parts of citric acid;
0.1-0.3 portion of antioxidant;
0.5-1.5 parts of a mildew inhibitor;
20-30 parts of coconut oil powder;
40-60 parts of cheese powder.
On the basis of the feed, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts;
step two, respectively carrying out primary crushing treatment on the corn, the expanded soybean, the fish meal and the bean pulp, and then mixing and uniformly mixing the corn, the expanded soybean, the fish meal and the bean pulp to obtain a base material;
step three, performing primary steam granulation on the base material, wherein the temperature of steam is not lower than 90 ℃, so that the base material and the steam are fully mixed and cured;
step four, uniformly mixing the base material cooled to room temperature and the cheese powder, and then performing secondary crushing treatment to obtain a mixture, wherein the cheese powder is added during the secondary crushing treatment so as to effectively avoid excessive volatilization of organic acid in the cheese powder;
step five, uniformly mixing the rest components and the mixture to obtain a semi-finished product, and then performing secondary steam granulation on the semi-finished product, wherein the temperature of steam is 85-90 ℃, and the temperature range can ensure that the base material in the semi-finished product is cured again and simultaneously the African swine fever virus is effectively killed;
and step six, cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature, and drying the semi-finished product to ensure that the moisture content in the semi-finished product is not more than 12.5 percent by weight, so as to obtain the feed, wherein the indexes of malonaldehyde (TBA) of the feed are not more than 2.
Wherein, the first steam granulation and the second steam granulation are both carried out by adopting a ring die particle feed machine, the diameter of a ring film during the first steam granulation is 3.5-5.5mm, and the diameter of the ring film during the second steam granulation is 2.8-3.5 mm.
Wherein, the lower limit value of the grain diameter obtained after the corn and the bean pulp are subjected to primary crushing treatment needs to meet the requirement of carrying out subsequent primary steam granulation.
Preferably, the corn described in the invention is selected from corn growing in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shenyang and Xinjiang, and the corn must be screened by a drum-type cleaning sieve (two-layer sieve) before being subjected to the first crushing treatment to remove crushed grains, unsaturated grains and dust.
Compared with the existing feed applied to pig breeding, the feed provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. the feed provided by the invention adopts the mode that corn, expanded soybean, fish meal, soybean meal and flour are added to provide energy, so that the stress control effect is remarkable; the feed also adopts the biscuit powder and the white sugar to assist in providing energy, and can increase the feed intake and promote the growth speed of piglets;
2. the feed provided by the invention removes high alkaline substances in the existing product, and realizes high acidification by adding organic acidic substances such as calcium formate, citric acid and cheese powder, the organic acidic substances are easier to digest and absorb, the high-acidification feed can block African swine fever virus infection or survive, and the high-acidification feed can increase the digestion rate of pigs, thereby reducing the diarrhea rate;
3. the coconut oil powder and the cheese powder are added into the feed provided by the invention, and the synergistic effect of the coconut oil powder and the cheese powder produces an obvious food calling effect;
4. in order to promote growth and prevent piglets from getting ill, the low-protein whey powder and organic trace elements are added into the feed, so that the growth can be promoted, and the piglets are not easy to get ill;
5. aiming at the physiological characteristics of piglet digestion, incomplete immune system, insufficient acid production in the digestive tract and high pH value, the feed provided by the invention has the advantages that calcium formate is added to replace high-acid stone powder in the existing feed, and calcium biphosphate is added to replace high-acid calcium hydrogen phosphate in the existing feed, so that the consumption of endogenous gastric acid of piglets can be obviously reduced, the diarrhea rate of piglets is reduced, and the digestibility of the feed is improved;
6. according to the preparation method of the feed, the raw materials of the feed are subjected to secondary crushing and secondary steam granulation, so that the African swine fever viruses can be effectively killed, the maturity of the raw materials can be obviously improved, the consumption of endogenous gastric acid of piglets is reduced, the diarrhea rate of the piglets is reduced, and the digestibility of the feed is improved;
7. the curing degree of the feed is closely related to the digestibility, so that the curing degree of the feed can be obviously improved by the feed provided by the invention through secondary steam granulation, and the African swine fever virus can be effectively killed through high temperature in the secondary steam granulation process; the existing feed contains dairy products such as whey powder with high sugar content and the like, and can only be granulated at low temperature (about 65 ℃), so that the improvement of the curing degree of starch raw materials is quite limited, and meanwhile, African swine fever viruses cannot be effectively killed at low temperature (about 65 ℃), which brings potential risks to biological control of live pig breeding; the invention provides the feed, which enables the feed to be subjected to secondary steam granulation through component selection without damaging the nutritional ingredients of the feed;
8. the feed provided by the invention prevents the feed from carrying African swine fever virus through the high acidification design of the feed components and the heat treatment (namely, secondary steam granulation) in the process of preparing the feed;
9. according to the feed provided by the invention, the soybean oil is added, so that the mixture and other components can be promoted to be uniformly mixed in the process of preparing the feed, and premixing before secondary steam granulation is realized; the storage period of the feed can be obviously prolonged by adding the antioxidant and the mildew preventive;
10. the existing feed is suitable for weaned piglets with normal weight and good growth and development, but cannot meet the nutritional requirements of piglets with small birth weight, insufficient milk of sows, weak bodies and poor resistance, the existing feed generally adopts corn and grease to provide energy, the feed is alkaline and easily causes diarrhea of the piglets, so that the growth performance of the piglets is influenced, and the existing feed neutralizes partial acid in stomach of the piglets due to the alkalinity, so that the digestion function of the piglets is reduced, so that the resistance of the piglets is reduced, and the incidence rate of the piglets is increased; the feed provided by the invention is prepared by selecting and matching the components, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: the feed is highly acidified by adding the corn, the puffed soybean, the fish meal, the soybean meal and the flour, the biscuit powder and the white sugar are used for assisting in providing energy, the calcium formate, the citric acid and the cheese powder which are easy to absorb organic acidic substances are added to make the feed highly acidified, the calcium formate and the monocalcium phosphate are added as low-acid-series components, and other components are added to provide organic trace elements and mineral substances, so that the nutritional requirements of piglets which the birth weight is small, the milk water of sows is insufficient, the bodies are weak and the resistance is poor can be met under the condition of meeting the nutritional requirements of normal pigs.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the feed provided by the invention, the organic trace elements are scientifically compatible through optimized raw materials, so that the utilization rate of the trace elements can be improved. The organic acidic substance and the trace elements play a synergistic role, and the high-efficiency utilization of the trace elements is promoted. The feed provided by the invention can block the infection or survival of the African swine fever virus, has good palatability, high absorption rate, no potential heavy metal risk, safety and environmental protection, can obviously improve the average daily gain, obviously reduce the feed weight ratio, the diarrhea rate and the content of trace elements in manure, improve the production performance of piglets, improve the intestinal health, improve the feed conversion rate, and obviously improve the skin color and hair condition.
The trace elements refer to compounds formed by inorganic salts, organic matters and decomposition products thereof. In the invention, the inorganic salt comprises sodium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, zinc oxide and porket polymineral; the organic substances comprise L-lysine hydrochloride, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, valine, vitamin E, vitamin C, choline chloride, and compound vitamins of porket.
The piglet polymineral at least comprises elements such as copper, iron, manganese, selenium and chromium, the sodium chloride is used for providing sodium elements, the monocalcium phosphate is used for providing calcium elements, and the zinc oxide is used for providing zinc elements, so that the combination of the sodium chloride, the monocalcium phosphate, the zinc oxide and the piglet polymineral can meet the nutritional requirements of piglets, and has the nutritional and physiological effects of promoting the growth of pigs, regulating the immune function, effectively preventing anemia, improving skin color and hair conditions and the like.
Wherein, the metabolite generated by the metabolism of the organic matter through the piglet mainly contains small peptide, nucleotide, organic acid, oligosaccharide, amino acid, nucleotide, ester, alcohol, enzyme, vitamin, etc. The organic matter composition in the feed provided by the invention has high biological activity and has obvious effects of regulating the intestinal function of animals, promoting the digestion and utilization of trace elements and guaranteeing the health of the animals.
In order to protect the trace elements in the feed from being oxidized, antioxidant needs to be added. Preferably, the antioxidant is one or a mixture of ethoxyquinoline and dibutyl hydroxy toluene.
The carrier is a feedable substance which can carry trace active ingredients, improve the dispersibility of the active ingredients and have good chemical stability and adsorbability. After the trace active ingredient is carried by the carrier, several physical properties of the trace active ingredient are changed or no longer expressed, and the relevant physical properties (such as fluidity, particle size, etc.) of the obtained mixture basically depend on or are expressed as the characteristics of the carrier, and the requirements of the characteristics of the carrier are as follows: the carrier is an inactive material, has good adsorption capacity on carried trace components and does not damage the activity of the carrier; secondly, the main raw materials in the feed have good mixing characteristics; good chemical stability and no pharmacological activity; fourthly, the price is low. Two types of supports are commonly used, namely organic supports and inorganic supports. The inorganic carrier is calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, silicate, silicon dioxide, salt, pottery clay, talc, vermiculite, zeolite powder, sepiolite powder, etc., and the carrier is mainly used for preparing microelement premix. The carrier in the feed provided by the invention is montmorillonite.
The specific component ratios of the feeds provided in examples 1-3 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The preparation methods of the feeds provided in examples 1-3 all included the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to parts by mass;
step two, respectively carrying out primary crushing treatment on the corn, the expanded soybean, the fish meal and the bean pulp, and then mixing and uniformly mixing the corn, the expanded soybean, the fish meal and the bean pulp to obtain a base material;
step three, performing primary steam granulation on the base material, wherein the temperature of steam is 95 ℃, so that the base material and the steam are fully mixed and cured;
step four, uniformly mixing the base material cooled to room temperature and the cheese powder, and then performing secondary crushing treatment to obtain a mixture, wherein the cheese powder is added during the secondary crushing treatment so as to effectively avoid excessive volatilization of organic acid in the cheese powder;
step five, uniformly mixing the rest components and the mixture to obtain a semi-finished product, and then performing secondary steam granulation on the semi-finished product, wherein the steam temperature is 90 ℃, and the temperature range can ensure that the basic material in the semi-finished product is cured again and simultaneously the African swine fever virus is effectively killed;
and step six, cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature, and drying the semi-finished product to ensure that the moisture content in the semi-finished product is not more than 12.5 percent by weight, so as to obtain the feed, wherein the indexes of malonaldehyde (TBA) of the feed are not more than 2.
To ensure product quality, the feeds provided in examples 1-3 must be produced strictly according to the process flow:
1. protecting and treating raw materials;
2. preparing materials: the types of the raw materials are known before the materials are mixed, and the comprehensive error of the mixed materials in weighing is not more than 0.15-0.2%. Carefully filling ingredient records, regularly checking inventory and checking product consumption;
3. feeding: the batch feeding is started when the variety and the quantity are checked accurately. The specific weight is large firstly and then the specific weight is small, the components are large firstly and then the components are small. Feeding at a constant speed;
4. and (3) crushing treatment: the fed raw materials enter a crusher to be crushed (crushed grains, unsaturated grains and dust must be screened by a drum-type cleaning sieve before the corn is subjected to primary crushing treatment) through a blanking hopper, a lifter, a permanent magnet drum and a storage bin;
5. mixing: the crushed raw materials are conveyed to a mixer through a conveyor, a permanent magnet drum and a storage bin. Adding raw materials from the mixer, and mixing for 3-5 min. The variation coefficient is less than 5 percent, and the stirring uniformity of the mixer is periodically detected;
6. steam granulation: the mixed material is conveyed to a storage bin through a conveyor, a blanking hopper and a lifter, and then enters a ring die particle feed machine through a tempering feeder and a tempering device;
7. and (3) cooling: and (4) after steam granulation, putting into a cooler for cooling for 1-15 min.
Comparison of tests
The test was divided into a test group using the feed provided in example 3 and a control group including a first control group and a second control group. The feed used in the first control group differed in composition from the feed provided in example 3 only in that: the feed used in the first control group did not contain organic acidic substances such as calcium formate, citric acid, and cheese powder. The feed used in the second control group was an existing alkaline feed.
Selecting 30 (half each male and half each female) three-way hybrid piglets with average weight of 15kg, and randomly dividing the three-way hybrid piglets into 3 groups according to the principle of consistent weight and sex, wherein each group comprises 10 pigs. The test group and the control group are based on the nutritional requirement of NRC (2012) pigs, the feed provided by the test group and the control group is used for feeding the test piglets, and the weight of the test piglets reaches 35 kg. The pen house was thoroughly cleaned before the test, rinsed with 2% NaOH solution, then fumigated with formalin and potassium permanganate at a ratio of 2:1 for several hours, and after one week of aeration cleaning, the test was started. Before the beginning of the formal test, a pre-test is carried out for 7 days, and the test pigs are subjected to insect expelling and epidemic prevention during the pre-test period. And (3) feeding powdery materials at a fixed time at 8:00 and 17:00 every day in the normal test period, freely eating and drinking water, observing and recording the health condition of the pigs, and recording the food consumption in the whole period. The test period determination indexes comprise: average daily gain, feed-weight ratio, diarrhea rate, copper, zinc and iron content in pig manure, skin color score and gross condition score.
The index calculation method comprises the following steps:
daily gain (end of test body weight (g) -initial body weight (g))/days of test
Material weight ratio (average daily material consumption (kg/d/head)/average daily gain (kg/d/head)
Diarrhea rate (diarrhea rate pig head/pig total head) 100%
The skin color scoring method comprises the following steps: generally 1 point, 2 points are redder, 3 points are redder and 4 points are very ruddy, and the redder the skin color is, the higher the score is.
The hair condition scoring method comprises the following steps: long and dense 1 point, long and dense 2 points, short and sparse 3 points, short and sparse 4 points, and the shorter and sparse hair scores are higher.
The above indices were averaged and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Daily gain | Material to weight ratio | Rate of diarrhea | Skin color scoring | Gross condition scoring | |
| Test group | 584 | 1.87 | 0 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| First control group | 526 | 2.01 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 |
| Second control group | 534 | 1.98 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.5 |
As can be seen from the test results in table 2, the average daily gain of the test groups was significantly increased, the feed-to-weight ratio was significantly decreased, the diarrhea rate was significantly decreased, and the skin color score and the hair condition score were increased, as compared to the first control group and the second control group. And the indexes of the first control group and the second control group have no significant difference. The results show that the feed provided by the example 3 can obviously improve the average daily gain, obviously reduce the feed-to-weight ratio and the diarrhea rate and obviously improve the skin condition and the hair condition, and the organic acid substances of calcium formate, citric acid and cheese powder in the feed provided by the example 3 can obviously promote the absorption of nutrient elements in the feed by pigs and obviously reduce the diarrhea rate of the pigs.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
300-;
110-130 parts of rice;
120-140 parts of flour;
40-69 parts of biscuit powder;
3-5 parts of soybean oil;
15-25 parts of white sugar;
50-70 parts of puffed soybeans;
90-110 parts of soybean meal;
5-15 parts of fish meal;
35-38 parts of low-protein whey powder;
2-3 parts of sodium chloride;
6-7 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
1-3 parts of zinc oxide;
5-6 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride;
7-8 parts of calcium formate;
2-3 parts of DL-methionine;
3-4 parts of L-threonine;
0.1-0.5 parts of L-tryptophan;
2-3 parts of valine;
0.1-0.3 parts of vitamin E;
0.2-0.4 parts of vitamin C;
0.5-1.5 parts of choline chloride;
2-4 parts of suckling pig compound multivitamin;
1-3 parts of porket multiore;
3-5 parts of montmorillonite;
10-20 parts of citric acid;
0.1-0.3 portion of antioxidant;
0.5-1.5 parts of a mildew inhibitor;
20-30 parts of coconut oil powder;
40-60 parts of cheese powder.
2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
335 parts of corn;
120 parts of rice;
130 parts of flour;
50 parts of a biscuit powder;
4 parts of soybean oil;
20 parts of white sugar;
60 parts of puffed soybeans;
100 parts of soybean meal;
10 parts of fish meal;
37.5 parts of low-protein whey powder;
2.3 parts of sodium chloride;
6.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
2 parts of zinc oxide;
5.5 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride;
7.5 parts of calcium formate;
2.2 parts of DL-methionine;
3.1 parts of L-threonine;
0.4 part of L-tryptophan;
2.3 parts of valine;
0.2 parts of vitamin E;
0.3 part of vitamin C;
1 part of choline chloride;
3 parts of suckling pig compound multivitamin;
2 portions of porket multiore;
4 parts of montmorillonite;
15 parts of citric acid;
0.2 part of antioxidant;
1 part of mildew preventive;
25 parts of coconut oil powder;
50 parts of cheese powder.
3. A method of preparing the feed of claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
firstly, respectively crushing the corn, the expanded soybean, the fish meal and the bean pulp for the first time, and then mixing and uniformly mixing the corn, the expanded soybean, the fish meal and the bean pulp to obtain a base material;
step two, performing primary steam granulation on the base material, wherein the temperature of steam is not lower than 90 ℃;
step three, uniformly mixing the base material cooled to room temperature and the cheese powder, and then performing secondary crushing treatment to obtain a mixture;
step four, uniformly mixing the rest raw materials and the mixture to obtain a semi-finished product, and then performing secondary steam granulation on the semi-finished product, wherein the temperature of steam is 85-90 ℃;
and step five, cooling the semi-finished product to room temperature, and drying the semi-finished product to ensure that the moisture content in the semi-finished product is not more than 12.5% wt, thus obtaining the feed.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the first steam granulation and the second steam granulation are both carried out by adopting a ring die particle feed machine, the diameter of a ring film during the first steam granulation is 3.5-5.5mm, and the diameter of the ring film during the second steam granulation is 2.8-3.5 mm.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the steam for the first steam granulation is 95 ℃ and the temperature of the steam for the second steam granulation is 90 ℃.
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| CN112205530A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-12 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Antibiotic-free feed for improving production performance of weaned piglets and preparation method thereof |
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