CN113396939A - 改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,特别公开了一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法。该改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,其特征为,以陈皮提取物、山楂黄酮、淫羊藿粉、蒲公英粉、鱼腥草提取物、冬虫夏草提取物、羊肚菌粉、人参皂苷、肉苁蓉提取物、蝉蜕提取物、鱼胶原蛋白、蔗糖、硒酵母、双歧杆菌粉、乳酸菌干粉、维生素C粉、保加利亚乳杆菌粉、嗜热链球菌粉为原料,按照一定的重量配比混合经发酵、萃取、制粉制成。本发明原料易得,制备工艺简单,有效减少水中病原微生物和不良藻类,明显增强水生动物的免疫力和抗病性,降低发病率,提高成活率,改善水质,有效避免对水体生态环境的破坏和水生动物的药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,高密度的养殖模式、日益恶化的生态环境正不断威胁着水产养殖动物的健康生长,病害问题一直是制约水产养殖业健康发展的一个重要因素。大量抗生素及一些违禁药物的使用导致的细菌抗药性问题、药物残留问题等已引起了人们的广泛关注与焦虑。现在国内外治疗水产动物病害普遍采用的方法是“以防为主”,其根本目的是提高水产动物自身免疫能力。接种疫苗是水产养殖中预防疾病的有效措施,但是水产动物疫苗研究进展缓慢。适当的使用免疫增强剂可以提高基体的细胞和体液免疫,增强抗病能力。水产动物免疫增强剂的研究开发与应用成为热点。
免疫增强剂是一种添加到饲料中,通过提高水产动物的免疫力,改善水产动物的营养状况,并能够显著增强其对病原微生物的抵抗力的物质。水产动物的生长发育受多种因素的影响,免疫增强剂能够通过提高水产动物的非特异性免疫功能来增强其抗应激、抗感染能力,提高其生产性能。另外,这类物质能增强水产动物抵抗外界病原体侵袭的能力,并减轻外界环境斜坡对养殖动物的免疫抑制作用。免疫增强剂具有性能稳定、作用广泛、安全高效等特点,成为目前解决水产动物病害的重要途径之一。
但是,当前市场上并不存在提高水生动物免疫力和促生长作用明显的免疫增强剂,因此当前水产养殖对于该类产品有很大的需求。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种绿色安全、使用简便、稳定性好的改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,由以下重量份数的原料经发酵、萃取、制粉制成:
陈皮提取物5-8份、山楂黄酮3-5份、淫羊藿粉10-15份、蒲公英粉15-20份、鱼腥草提取物8-10份、冬虫夏草提取物1-2份、羊肚菌粉3-5份、人参皂苷1-2份、肉苁蓉提取物10-12份、蝉蜕提取物0.2-0.3份、鱼胶原蛋白5-6份、蔗糖20-30份、硒酵母2-3份、双歧杆菌粉0.3-0.5份、乳酸菌干粉0.2-0.4份、维生素C粉0.1-0.2份、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.1-0.2份、嗜热链球菌粉0.2-0.3份。
各原料优选的重量配比如下:
陈皮提取物6份、山楂黄酮4份、淫羊藿粉12份、蒲公英粉18份、鱼腥草提取物9份、冬虫夏草提取物1.5份、羊肚菌粉4份、人参皂苷1.5份、肉苁蓉提取物11份、蝉蜕提取物0.25份、鱼胶原蛋白5.5份、蔗糖25份、硒酵母2.5份、双歧杆菌粉0.4份、乳酸菌干粉0.3份、维生素C粉0.15份、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.15份、嗜热链球菌粉0.25份。
本发明根据水生动物生长所需环境,根据植物学和微生物学相生相克的辅助理论,采用植物提取物与硒酵母、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的复合菌群相互作用,提高复合菌群的活性,通过水生动物的饲养和作用于水体,同时改进水体环境及水生动物的免疫性,提高水生动物的机体活性及抗病能力。
本发明中,陈皮提取物含橙皮苷、川陈皮素、柠檬烯、a-蒎烯、B-蒎烯、B-水芹烯等,具有理气健脾、燥湿化痰等功效;
山楂黄酮提取自山楂的成熟果实,具有促进脂肪消化、增加胃消化酶的分泌、扩张冠状动脉、强心、降血压、抗心律失常等功效;
淫羊藿粉含淫羊藿苷、挥发油、蜡醇、植物甾醇、鞣质、维生素E等成分,具有补命门、益精气、强筋骨、补肾壮阳等功效;
蒲公英粉含有丰富的维生素A以及维生素B6,除此之外还含有叶酸以及钙磷铁等微量元素,具有清热解毒、消肿散结、清热利湿、通淋等功效;
鱼腥草提取物是以干燥鱼腥草为原料,经过溶剂提取而制成的提取物,具有清热解毒,消痈排脓,利尿通淋等功效;
冬虫夏草提取物主要活性成分为虫草素和腺苷。具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、保护肾脏、抗氧化、抗衰老、保护心血管系统、降血糖等作用;
羊肚菌粉含粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物等,还含有多种氨基酸,特别是谷氨酸含量高达1.76%,具有补肾、壮阳、补脑、提神等功能;
人参皂苷是一种固醇类化合物,主要存在于人参属药材中,是人参中的活性成分,具有显著的抗肿瘤血管生成作用;
肉苁蓉提取物是从寄生植物肉苁蓉中提取的物质,可用于增强免疫功能和性能力;
蝉蜕提取物含有角蛋白、氨基酸和大量的甲壳质,具有散风热,宣肺,定痉等功效;
鱼胶原蛋白主要是从罗非鱼、鳕鱼新鲜皮、鱼鳞中通过生物酶定向剪切技术提取,主要为I型胶原蛋白,产品富含19种氨基酸,分子量在2000~5000D长度之间,具有很高的消化吸收性;
蔗糖是光合作用的主要产物,广泛分布于植物体内,特别是甜菜、甘蔗和水果中含量极高,是植物储藏、积累和运输糖分的主要形式;
硒酵母是一种有机态硒制剂,具生物利用度高、毒性低、疗效确切等优点,具有保护细胞膜完整性,清除自由基,加快脂质过氧化物分解、抗氧化、增强机体免疫功能、心肌功能等药理作用;
双歧杆菌粉是一种生理性有益菌,对人体健康具有生物屏障、营养作用、抗肿瘤作用、免疫增强作用、改善胃肠道功能、抗衰老等多种重要的生理功能;
乳酸菌干粉一般为冻干粉,采用真空冷冻干燥工艺制备,具有高活菌量、活性高、保存期长等特点;有提供营养物促进集体生长、调节免疫系统等功效;
维生素C粉是一种抗氧剂,具有抗氧化、提高身体抵抗力及促进胶原蛋白合成等作用;
保加利亚乳杆菌粉是保加利亚酸奶中的乳酸菌,在分类上属于乳酸杆菌,因其菌种产地、微生物特性、效能优异等特点而得名,能发酵糖获得能量,产生大量乳酸;
嗜热链球菌粉被认为是“公认安全性”成分,广泛用于生产一些重要的发酵乳制品,其也具有一些功能活性,比如生产胞外多糖、细菌素和维生素。另外,嗜热链球菌也可以作为潜在有益菌。
上述植物发酵提取物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,置于发酵罐;
(3)向发酵罐中加水搅拌均匀,于43-47℃下发酵陈化25-27天;
(4)往发酵罐中加水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.5-2.0Pa·S,之后降温静置,过滤并水洗滤渣;
(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,研磨后喷雾制粉,得到产品。
本发明采用中温发酵、低温萃取、中温制粉的提取工艺,通过将各原料混合发酵,将其中的硒酵母、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌充分进化,得到活性较大的复合菌群,使其作用于水生动物时,提高其自身免疫功能,调节水中溶氧量,提高水生动物的生存活性。
优选的,步骤(2)中,各原料混合粉碎后过30-40目筛,其中,硒酵母、双歧杆菌粉、乳酸菌干粉、保加利亚乳杆菌粉和嗜热链球菌粉用去离子水溶解后随水加入。
优选的,步骤(3)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的3-3.5倍。
优选的,步骤(4)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,之后降温至13-17℃并静置36h,后经80-100筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2-3次。
优选的,步骤(5)中,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为120-150目的糊状流体,之后在70-80℃下喷雾制粉。
本发明通过陈皮提取物、山楂黄酮、淫羊藿粉、蒲公英粉、鱼腥草提取物、冬虫夏草提取物、羊肚菌粉、人参皂苷等多种成分混合发酵作用于复合菌群,使菌群活性增强并产生自主调节功能,得到的产品混合于水生动物的饲料或直接喷洒入水体时,可以调节水体微生态环境,同时水生动物摄取后调节水生动物自身的免疫力。
本发明的产品可通过水生动物进食摄取进入集体,作用直接,利用率高,发酵复合菌体作用发挥彻底,应用效果显著,且绿色无公害,符合国家倡导的健康养殖模式。
本发明原料易得,制备工艺简单,有效减少水中病原微生物和不良藻类,明显增强水生动物的免疫力和抗病性,降低发病率,提高成活率,改善水质,有效避免对水体生态环境的破坏和水生动物的药物残留。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明,以便于对本发明的理解,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,由如下重量配比的原料混合制成:
陈皮提取物5kg、山楂黄酮3kg、淫羊藿粉10kg、蒲公英粉15kg、鱼腥草提取物8kg、冬虫夏草提取物1kg、羊肚菌粉3kg、人参皂苷1kg、肉苁蓉提取物10kg、蝉蜕提取物0.2kg、鱼胶原蛋白5kg、蔗糖20kg、硒酵母2kg、双歧杆菌粉0.3kg、乳酸菌干粉0.2kg、维生素C粉0.1kg、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.1kg、嗜热链球菌粉0.2kg。
上述植物发酵提取物的制备方法如下:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,过30目筛,置于发酵罐,其中,富铁酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入;
(3)向发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌均匀,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的3倍,于43℃下发酵陈化27天,物料状态呈泥糊状,并伴有发酵酵母的气味;
(4)往发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.5Pa·S,之后降温至13℃并静置36h,后经80目筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2次;
(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为120目的糊状流体,之后在70℃下喷雾制粉,得到产品。
实施例2:一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,由如下重量配比的原料混合制成:
陈皮提取物8kg、山楂黄酮5kg、淫羊藿粉15kg、蒲公英粉20kg、鱼腥草提取物10kg、冬虫夏草提取物2kg、羊肚菌粉5kg、人参皂苷2kg、肉苁蓉提取物12kg、蝉蜕提取物0.3kg、鱼胶原蛋白6kg、蔗糖30kg、硒酵母3kg、双歧杆菌粉0.5kg、乳酸菌干粉0.4kg、维生素C粉0.2kg、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.2kg、嗜热链球菌粉0.3kg。
上述植物发酵提取物的制备方法如下:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,过40目筛,置于发酵罐,其中,富铁酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入;
(3)向发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌均匀,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的3.5倍,于47℃下发酵陈化25天,物料状态呈泥糊状,并伴有发酵酵母的气味;
(4)往发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为2.0Pa·S,之后降温至17℃并静置36h,后经100目筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣3次;
(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为150目的糊状流体,之后在80℃下喷雾制粉,得到产品。
实施例3:一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,由如下重量配比的原料混合制成:
陈皮提取物6kg、山楂黄酮4kg、淫羊藿粉12kg、蒲公英粉18kg、鱼腥草提取物9kg、冬虫夏草提取物1.5kg、羊肚菌粉4kg、人参皂苷1.5kg、肉苁蓉提取物11kg、蝉蜕提取物0.25kg、鱼胶原蛋白5.5kg、蔗糖25kg、硒酵母2.5kg、双歧杆菌粉0.4kg、乳酸菌干粉0.3kg、维生素C粉0.15kg、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.15kg、嗜热链球菌粉0.25kg。
上述植物发酵提取物的制备方法如下:
(1)对各原料进行择优选取;
(2)将各原料混合粉碎,过35目筛,置于发酵罐,其中,富铁酵母和硒酵母用去离子水溶解后随水加入;
(3)向发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌均匀,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的3.2倍,于45℃下发酵陈化26天,物料状态呈泥糊状,并伴有发酵酵母的气味;
(4)往发酵罐中加去离子水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.8Pa·S,之后降温至15℃并静置36h,后经90目筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2次;
(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为130目的糊状流体,之后在75℃下喷雾制粉,得到产品。
应用试验:
试验在同一水域的四个间隔的鳜鱼养鱼池进行,上述四个养鱼池均出现死鱼情况,经过外观检查及分离检验,判断为病毒病,且病状相同,四个养鱼池分别标号为A、B、C、D。
将实施例1-3制备得到的植物发酵提取物分别与鱼饲料按照10g:10kg的重量比混合,按照常规的饲养量分别定时喂养养鱼池A、B、C中的鳜鱼,养鱼池D同样定时喂养不混加本发明植物发酵提取物的鱼饲料。
对四个养鱼池的情况进行综合对比,结果如下:
由上表可以看出,三个养鱼池使用本发明的植物发酵提取物1天后死鱼情况即有所改善,且死鱼数量逐日减少,至第五天死鱼情况基本停止;而养鱼池D因未用于,死鱼情况一直存在,并有逐渐严重的趋势。由此可以看出,本申请的植物发酵提取物可以用于提高水生动物的抗病毒能力,免疫功能提高显著。
在上述实施例中,对本发明的最佳实施方式做了描述,很显然,在本发明的发明构思下,仍可做出很多变化。在此,应该说明,在本发明的发明构思下所做出的任何改变都将落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料经发酵、萃取、制粉制成:陈皮提取物5-8份、山楂黄酮3-5份、淫羊藿粉10-15份、蒲公英粉15-20份、鱼腥草提取物8-10份、冬虫夏草提取物1-2份、羊肚菌粉3-5份、人参皂苷1-2份、肉苁蓉提取物10-12份、蝉蜕提取物0.2-0.3份、鱼胶原蛋白5-6份、蔗糖20-30份、硒酵母2-3份、双歧杆菌粉0.3-0.5份、乳酸菌干粉0.2-0.4份、维生素C粉0.1-0.2份、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.1-0.2份、嗜热链球菌粉0.2-0.3份。
2.如权利要求1所述的改善水生动物免疫功能的植物发酵提取物,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料制成:陈皮提取物6份、山楂黄酮4份、淫羊藿粉12份、蒲公英粉18份、鱼腥草提取物9份、冬虫夏草提取物1.5份、羊肚菌粉4份、人参皂苷1.5份、肉苁蓉提取物11份、蝉蜕提取物0.25份、鱼胶原蛋白5.5份、蔗糖25份、硒酵母2.5份、双歧杆菌粉0.4份、乳酸菌干粉0.3份、维生素C粉0.15份、保加利亚乳杆菌粉0.15份、嗜热链球菌粉0.25份。
3.如权利要求1所述植物发酵提取额的制备方法,其特征为,包括如下步骤:(1)对各原料进行择优选取;(2)将各原料混合粉碎,置于发酵罐;(3)向发酵罐中加水搅拌均匀,于43-47℃下发酵陈化25-27天;(4)往发酵罐中加水搅拌,调整发酵物料粘度为1.5-2.0Pa·S,之后降温静置,过滤并水洗滤渣;(5)合并过滤液和洗涤液,研磨后喷雾制粉,得到产品。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,各原料混合粉碎后过30-40目筛,其中,硒酵母、双歧杆菌粉、乳酸菌干粉、保加利亚乳杆菌粉和嗜热链球菌粉用去离子水溶解后随水加入。
5.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,去离子水的添加量是原料总重量的3-3.5倍。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,发酵罐中加入去离子水搅拌,之后降温至13-17℃并静置36h,后经80-100筛过滤,再用去离子水洗涤滤渣2-3次。
7.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,通过胶体磨研磨两遍,得到细度为120-150目的糊状流体,之后在70-80℃下喷雾制粉。
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CN104222674A (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | 一种斑点叉尾鮰用中草药免疫增强剂的制备方法及应用 |
CN107484919A (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-19 | 通化师范学院 | 一种能增强鱼类免疫力的微生物饲料添加剂及其用途 |
CN113044995A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-29 | 北京局气网络技术有限公司 | 一种用于淡水养殖的植物发酵提取物及其制备方法 |
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CN104222674A (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | 一种斑点叉尾鮰用中草药免疫增强剂的制备方法及应用 |
CN107484919A (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-19 | 通化师范学院 | 一种能增强鱼类免疫力的微生物饲料添加剂及其用途 |
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