CN113088662B - DX gas carbon potential control method in bearing steel pipe anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process - Google Patents
DX gas carbon potential control method in bearing steel pipe anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 methane or propane Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling DX gas carbon potential in a bearing steel tube anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process, wherein the production process of the bearing steel tube comprises a capillary spheroidizing annealing process and a finished product tube stress relief annealing process, in the capillary spheroidizing annealing process and the finished product tube stress relief annealing process, the carbon potential in a furnace is measured by a carbon potential meter, the proportion of natural gas and air in a DX gas generator is adjusted, and the carbon potential is controlled in a preset range; wherein the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00-1.05% in the capillary spheroidizing annealing process, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00-1.05% in the finished product pipe stress relief annealing process. By adopting the carbon potential control method, the technical requirement that the total decarburized layer is less than or equal to 0.15mm can be met, so that the surface decarburization of the carbon atoms on the surface of the bearing steel pipe cannot be caused by oxidation, and the problem of full decarburization of the bearing steel pipe during oxygen-free annealing is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing steel pipe manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for controlling DX gas carbon potential in an anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process of a bearing steel pipe.
Background
With the realization of nitrogen protection anaerobic annealing in steel pipe spheroidization and annealing, the weakness of nitrogen protection begins to be displayed, which mainly shows that the surface of the anaerobic annealing steel pipe has full decarburization phenomenon, so that decarburized layer can not be completely eliminated during bearing turning, and finally the surface hardness of the bearing can not meet the requirement.
The main causes of the full decarburized layer are: although the protection of nitrogen is adopted, oxygen always enters the furnace at the furnace inlet and furnace outlet, and under the condition of long-time heat preservation in the spheroidizing furnace, the oxygen continuously oxidizes carbon atoms on the surface of the steel pipe, but the amount of the oxygen is not enough to form a surface oxidation layer, so that a decarburized layer falls off along with the oxidation layer, and the surface of the steel pipe is completely decarburized, which is shown in a metallographic picture of figure 1.
Due to the existence of the full decarburized layer, the blank bearing has the condition that individual points are not turned completely, and the decarburized layer is thickened due to diffusion of carbon atoms during subsequent quenching and heating of the bearing, so that the surface decarburized layer cannot be completely ground during fine grinding, and the surface hardness of the bearing cannot meet the design requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the carbon potential of DX gas in an anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process of a bearing steel pipe, which can achieve that the total decarburized layer is less than or equal to 0.15mm, so that carbon atoms on the surface of the bearing steel pipe cannot be decarburized due to oxidation, and the problem of full decarburization of the bearing steel pipe during anaerobic annealing is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling DX gas carbon potential in a bearing steel pipe anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process comprises a capillary spheroidizing annealing process and a finished pipe stress-relief annealing process,
in the blank tube spheroidizing annealing process and the finished tube destressing annealing process, the carbon potential in the furnace is measured by a carbon potential meter, the ratio of natural gas to air in a DX gas generator is adjusted, and the carbon potential is controlled in a preset range;
wherein the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00-1.05% in the capillary spheroidizing annealing process, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00-1.05% in the finished product pipe stress relief annealing process.
As one example, the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00% in the capillary spheroidizing annealing process, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00% in the finished pipe stress-relief annealing process. The specific process comprises the following steps: in the process of spheroidizing the hollow billet, the furnace temperature is 790 ℃, the oxygen probe outputs 1118mv, and the heat preservation time is 11.5h; in the finished product tube stress relief annealing process, the furnace temperature is 730 ℃, the oxygen probe outputs 1103mv, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h.
As another example, the carbon potential in the capillary spheroidizing annealing process is controlled to be 1.05%, and the carbon potential in the finished product tube stress-relief annealing process is controlled to be 1.05%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the carbon potential control method, the technical requirement that the total decarburized layer is less than or equal to 0.15mm can be met, so that the surface decarburization of carbon atoms on the surface of the bearing steel pipe cannot be caused by oxidation, and the problem of full decarburization of the bearing steel pipe during oxygen-free annealing is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph showing the total decarburization of the surface of a steel pipe;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of the total decarburized layer of a DX gas-protected oxygen-free spheroidized capillary;
figure 3 is a metallographic photograph of the total decarburized layer of a DX gas protected oxygen free annealed article.
Detailed Description
DX gas is a natural gas such as methane or propane, which is mixed with air at normal temperature and is insufficiently combusted to be decomposed into a mixed gas containing nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The gas can be widely used for related treatment processes of non-oxidation annealing, anti-oxidation protection and the like of metal materials. However, the applicant finds that the full decarburization phenomenon still exists in the oxygen-free spheroidizing annealing process of the bearing steel pipe, so that the decarburized layer can not be completely eliminated during the bearing turning process, and finally the surface hardness of the bearing can not meet the requirement. The applicant has studied this phenomenon to search for the cause of the occurrence of this phenomenon and a solution to the problem, and found that this problem can be solved by reasonably controlling the carbon potential of DX gas. Therefore, the applicant develops and applies a carbon potential control method for the DX protective gas steel tube anaerobic annealing process.
The working principle of DX gas is as follows: the natural gas is mainly methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are formed under the condition of incomplete combustion, the carbon potential in the furnace is measured by a carbon potential meter, the ratio of the natural gas to air in a DX gas generator is adjusted, the carbon potential is controlled in a reasonable range, carbon atoms on the surface of the steel pipe cannot be subjected to surface decarburization caused by oxidation, and the problem of full decarburization of the steel pipe during oxygen-free annealing can be solved.
The production and inspection paths of the bearing steel pipe are generally as follows:
(1) Heating and perforating the tube blank to obtain a tubular billet;
(2) Annealing the capillary tube to obtain an annealing tube, discharging the annealing tube from a furnace, air cooling, and performing hardness inspection and metallographic structure inspection;
(3) Cold drawing and cold rolling the annealing pipe to obtain a finished product pipe;
(4) Performing stress relief annealing on the finished product pipe, discharging the finished product pipe from the furnace, performing air cooling, and performing hardness inspection and metallographic structure inspection;
(5) And (4) finishing (straightening, head and tail cutting and the like) the finished pipe after annealing, and carrying out flaw detection and size inspection.
And (3) carrying out bearing steel pipe production tests according to the production and inspection paths, wherein the comparison of the adjustment test and the detection result in the actual operation is as follows:
table one: DX gas protection anaerobic spheroidizing annealing oxygen probe output voltage and carbon potential comparison table
| The carbon potential Cp% | Furnace temp. 790 deg.C voltage mv | Holding time h |
| 1.05 | 1121 | 11.5 |
| 1.00 | 1118 | 11.5 |
| 0.95 | 1115 | 11.5 |
Six un-spheroidized capillaries are sampled, the original total decarburized layers are all 0.12mm without full decarburizing after being checked, two capillary samples are extracted, spheroidizing annealing is carried out under the control of one carbon potential in a table, the thickness of the maximum total decarburized layer detected in two groups is respectively selected to be 0.127mm, 0.128mm and 0.134mm, the full decarburizing phenomenon does not occur, and the requirements that the decarburized layer is less than or equal to 0.15mm in technical protocols of high-end customers (such as SKF manufacturers, NSK manufacturers and the like) are met, and the metallographic picture shown in the attached figure 2 is included; however, the decarburized layer with 0.95 percent of carbon potential is close to the upper limit and has unqualified risk, and the decarburized layer with the carbon potential controlled at 1.00 percent and 1.05 percent meets the requirement. Considering that the higher the carbon potential, the higher the cost of DX gas, 1.00% of the carbon potential was selected for the capillary spheroidizing annealing process.
Table two: DX gas protection oxygen-free stress relief annealing oxygen probe output voltage and carbon potential comparison table
| Carbon potential Cp% | Furnace temp. 730 deg.C voltage mv | Holding time h |
| 0.95 | 1100 | 3.5 |
| 1.00 | 1103 | 3.5 |
| 1.05 | 1106 | 3.5 |
The original decarbonization of the capillary tube subjected to spheroidizing annealing according to the table I is respectively 127mm, 128mm and 134mm, the capillary tube corresponding to spheroidizing is cold-drawn into a steel tube, stress relief annealing is carried out under the control of carbon potential according to the table II, the total decarbonization layers after annealing are respectively 0.123mm, 0.121mm and 0.108mm, full decarbonization is avoided, the requirements that the decarbonization layer is less than or equal to 0.15mm in technical protocols of high-end customers (such as SKF manufacturers, NSK manufacturers and the like) are met, and the metallographic photograph shown in the attached figure 3 is obtained.
Example 1:
the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00 percent in the spheroidizing annealing process of the hollow billet, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00 percent in the stress relief annealing process of the finished product pipe.
Example 2:
the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.05% in the spheroidizing annealing process of the hollow billet, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.05% in the stress relief annealing process of the finished product pipe.
In consideration of the relationship between cost and quality, example 1, in which the carbon potential is 1.00%, was selected as the most preferable example for practical production.
In conclusion of the tests, in the actual production, according to the scheme determined in the spheroidizing annealing of the hollow billet and the stress relief annealing of the finished product pipe, the carbon potential is quantitatively controlled to be 1.00 percent, and the small-batch test production is carried out, which all meet the set technical requirements: the total decarburized layer is less than or equal to 0.15mm.
Table three: DX gas protection oxygen probe output voltage and carbon potential comparison table for oxygen-free spheroidizing annealing
| The carbon potential Cp% | Furnace temp. 790 deg.C and voltage mv | Holding time h |
| 1.00 | 1118 | 11.5 |
Table four: DX gas protection oxygen-free stress-relief annealing oxygen probe output voltage and carbon potential comparison table
| The carbon potential Cp% | Furnace temp. 730 deg.C voltage mv | Holding time h |
| 1.00 | 1103 | 3.5 |
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A DX gas carbon potential control method in the anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process of bearing steel pipes, the production process of the bearing steel pipe comprises a capillary spheroidizing annealing process and a finished pipe destressing annealing process, and is characterized in that:
in the blank tube spheroidizing annealing process and the finished tube destressing annealing process, the carbon potential in the furnace is measured by a carbon potential meter, the ratio of natural gas to air in a DX gas generator is adjusted, and the carbon potential is controlled in a preset range;
wherein the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00-1.05% in the capillary spheroidizing annealing process, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00-1.05% in the finished product pipe stress relief annealing process;
in the capillary spheroidizing process, the furnace temperature is 790 ℃, the oxygen probe outputs 1118mv, and the heat preservation time is 11.5h; the temperature of the furnace in the finished product pipe stress-relief annealing process is 730 ℃, the output voltage of the oxygen probe is 1103mv, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h.
2. The method for controlling DX gas carbon potential in the bearing steel tube anaerobic spheroidizing annealing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00% in the blank tube spheroidizing annealing process, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.00% in the finished product tube stress-relief annealing process.
3. The method for controlling the carbon potential of DX gas in the process of anaerobic spheroidizing annealing of bearing steel tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.05% in the blank tube spheroidizing annealing process, and the carbon potential is controlled to be 1.05% in the finished product tube stress-relief annealing process.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2006176863A (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Steel for rolling bearing |
| CN102534138A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-04 | 海盐华辰工业炉有限公司 | Oxygen potential control system of spheroidizing annealing furnace |
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| JPS5582729A (en) * | 1978-12-14 | 1980-06-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Heat treating method for steel material |
| US4497671A (en) * | 1982-02-01 | 1985-02-05 | Wasserman Gary L | Processed ferrous metal and process of production |
| JP2615719B2 (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1997-06-04 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Pipe coil bright annealing method and pipe purging apparatus |
| JP2000045019A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-02-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Decarburizing heat treatment of cast iron member |
| CN102626723A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-08 | 常熟市旋力轴承钢管有限公司 | Method for manufacturing steel pipe for bearing ring |
| CN102728652A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-17 | 新兴铸管股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of dual-metal seamless steel pipe with outer-layer low-carbon steel and inner-layer bearing steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2006176863A (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Steel for rolling bearing |
| CN102534138A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-04 | 海盐华辰工业炉有限公司 | Oxygen potential control system of spheroidizing annealing furnace |
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| 王锡樵 ; 刘美冬 ; .GCr15轴承套圈热处理探讨与分析.金属加工(热加工).(第S1期),全文. * |
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Application publication date: 20210709 Assignee: Jiangxi Jiama High Precision Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: JIANGXI HONGRUIMA STEEL PIPE Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980014990 Denomination of invention: DX gas carbon potential control method in oxygen free spheroidization annealing process for bearing steel pipes Granted publication date: 20230328 License type: Common License Record date: 20240911 |