CN113042494B - Method and device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in digestive system department - Google Patents
Method and device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in digestive system department Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0075—Disposal of medical waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in digestive system department, aiming at the situation of epidemic situation at present, the medical garbage, especially the garbage in digestive system department, must be systematically disinfected to prevent the spread of virus. S1: respectively putting solid and liquid medical garbage into solid and liquid garbage treatment modules; s2: spraying the disinfectant on the solid garbage, simultaneously carrying out primary crushing treatment, soaking the solid garbage in the high-concentration disinfectant for a period of time, filtering out the solid garbage, and sending the used high-concentration disinfectant into a liquid garbage treatment module; s3: performing high-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature disinfection treatment; s4: and collecting and discharging. The device comprises a cabinet body and solid and liquid garbage treatment modules arranged on two sides inside the cabinet body, wherein the solid garbage treatment modules comprise a crushing bin, a sterilizing bin and a microwave pyrolysis bin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disinfection in the digestive system department, in particular to a method and a device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in the digestive system department.
Background
The digestive system department is a clinical third-level subject which mainly studies diseases of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas, and the like, and the digestive system department has various diseases, wide medical knowledge and complex and fine operation. In the clinical treatment process of the digestive system department, a lot of medical wastes are generated, which comprise solids (such as plastic containers, disposable gloves, masks, needle tubes, gauzes and the like) and liquids (such as body fluids of patients, vomit, waste liquid generated by treatment and the like).
The currently commonly used medical garbage treatment methods include incineration, hot steam treatment and chemical drug treatment, and the incineration method can effectively kill viruses but can generate a large amount of harmful gases, and cannot be realized in a clinical environment; the sterilization effect of the hot steam treatment is not high, dead corners are easy to exist, and the hot steam treatment also has certain limitation; chemical treatments are relatively common, with hydrogen peroxide being the most common disinfecting solution. However, these methods all need to recycle the medical wastes to the designated disposal site, and there are many methods for disposing the medical wastes in developed countries, such as the united states, the united kingdom, the germany, etc., and they also have centralized disposers similar to such third parties, and also have the technology of purchasing some small medical waste disposal machines to be disposed in hospitals by themselves, and the machines use microwaves, because of their small size, they can work by being directly placed in the medical waste temporary storage room of the hospitals, so far, the technology has been practiced and improved for 5-6 years, and the disposal effect is good. However, related laws in China encourage the use of technologies without secondary pollution, such as microwave, high temperature, and chemical, to treat medical wastes, but all of them cannot be clinically implemented for various reasons. Therefore, these medical waste system recycling technologies are still used in a few countries, and are still intensively incinerated in the countries where they are used.
Patent CN104613482B discloses a medical waste treatment device and a medical waste treatment method, which comprises a sorting box for primarily sorting medical waste, the sorting box is connected with a crusher, the crusher is connected with a preheating drying chamber, the preheating drying chamber is arranged in a first temperature control chamber, the preheating drying chamber is connected with a low-temperature carbonization chamber, the low-temperature carbonization chamber is arranged in a second temperature control chamber, the low-temperature carbonization chamber is connected with a high-temperature carbonization chamber, the high-temperature carbonization chamber is arranged in a temperature control incineration chamber, the high-temperature carbonization chamber is connected with a sorting box, wherein the preheating drying chamber primarily preheats and dries the medical waste, the low-temperature carbonization chamber carries out low-temperature carbonization treatment on the medical waste, then the medical waste is subjected to high-temperature carbonization through the high-temperature carbonization chamber, finally the cooled medical waste is sorted through the sorting box, the treatment of the medical waste is completed, the pyrolysis and gasification of the medical waste are realized, and the discharge of pollutants and pollution gases is reduced, the tail gas purification process is saved, the pollution to the environment is reduced, but the energy consumption is large, the occupied space is large, and the seamless butt joint with the hospital environment cannot be realized, so that a systematic treatment method and a device for treating viruses in clinical medical garbage of the digestive system department are required to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in the department of gastroenterology aiming at the existing problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in the department of gastroenterology comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively putting solid medical garbage and liquid medical garbage into a solid garbage treatment module and a liquid garbage treatment module;
s2: spraying disinfectant on the solid medical garbage, simultaneously carrying out primary crushing treatment, soaking the primarily crushed solid medical garbage in high-concentration disinfectant for a period of time, filtering out, and sending the used high-concentration disinfectant into a liquid garbage treatment module;
s3: high-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature disinfection treatment
S3-1: conveying the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage into a microwave pyrolysis bin to perform microwave pyrolysis treatment on the solid medical garbage, injecting hot steam to perform preliminary pyrolysis reaction, and discharging incomplete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the preliminary pyrolysis reaction into a gas purifier;
s3-2: vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening the vibrator to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: after the primary pyrolysis reaction is finished, increasing the amount of injected steam to carry out secondary pyrolysis reaction, injecting the complete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into a liquid garbage treatment module, and carrying out secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage;
s4: and uniformly collecting, discharging and treating the solid medical waste after the secondary pyrolysis reaction and the liquid medical waste after the secondary high-temperature disinfection.
Further, the high-concentration disinfectant in the step S2 is a hydrogen peroxide disinfectant with a mass concentration of 20%, and the soaking time is 30-60min, so that virus microorganisms and the like in the medical waste can be effectively killed.
Further, in the step S3-1, the preliminary pyrolysis reaction time of the solid medical waste is 6-8min, and the amount of hot steam injected in the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is 12-15m3The time of the secondary pyrolysis reaction is 15-30min, and the quantity of hot steam injected in the secondary pyrolysis reaction is 25-30m3Step S3-1 is performed in synchronization with step S3-2, and the exhaust gas harmful substances generated by incomplete pyrolysis in the preliminary pyrolysis reactionThe quality content is high, hot steam is required to be supplemented for discharging and purifying, and heat in waste gas generated by complete pyrolysis in secondary pyrolysis reaction can be used for treating liquid waste, so that the improvement of the heat injection steam quantity is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of treating the liquid waste.
A device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in the department of gastroenterology comprises a cabinet body, a solid garbage treatment module and a liquid garbage treatment module which are positioned at two sides in the cabinet body and are separated by a partition plate, wherein the upper surface of the cabinet body is provided with a solid garbage inlet and a liquid garbage inlet side by side, the solid garbage inlet is provided with a movable door in a sliding connection manner, the upper surface of the movable door is provided with a disinfection liquid tank,
the solid garbage treatment module comprises a crushing bin, a disinfection bin and a microwave pyrolysis bin, the bottom of a solid garbage inlet is connected with the crushing bin positioned on the upper surface of the inner part of the cabinet body, two groups of mutually meshed crushing rollers are arranged in the crushing bin side by side, a disinfection bin is arranged below the meshing part of the two groups of crushing rollers, a push plate is arranged in the disinfection bin in a sliding connection manner, a push rod motor is arranged at the position, corresponding to the disinfection bin, of the outer wall of the cabinet body, the output end of the push rod motor penetrates through the outer wall of the cabinet body and the outer wall of the disinfection bin and then is fixedly connected with the push plate, the tail end of the disinfection bin is provided with a movable opening, the movable opening is connected with a flow guide pipe penetrating through a partition plate, two groups of symmetrically opened and closed movable baffle plates extending into the crushing bin are arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the disinfection bin, the movable baffle plates are rotatably connected with the side wall of the disinfection bin through a rotating shaft, and an opening and closing mechanism for controlling the movable baffle plates to open and close is arranged at the bottom of the rotating shaft, the bottom of the tail end of the disinfection bin is provided with a feed opening, the feed opening is provided with a feed plate which is movably and hermetically connected with the bottom of the disinfection bin, the lower part of the feed opening is connected with a microwave pyrolysis bin which is fixed on a partition board and the inner wall of the cabinet body through a feed pipe, the upper surface of the microwave pyrolysis bin is provided with a plurality of microwave generators, the bottom of the microwave pyrolysis bin is provided with a slag discharge opening,
the liquid garbage treatment module comprises a liquid treatment bin, the liquid treatment bin is connected with the bottom of the liquid garbage inlet, the flow guide pipe is connected with the upper part of the liquid treatment bin,
the outer side wall of the front surface of the cabinet body is fixedly provided with a hot steam generator which is respectively connected with the crushing bin, the microwave pyrolysis bin and the liquid treatment bin through steam pipelines, the steam pipelines are connected with the center of the top of the microwave pyrolysis bin and communicated with a steam stirring mechanism in the microwave pyrolysis bin,
the external side wall of the cabinet body on one side of the hot steam generator is provided with a gas purifier, the gas purifier is connected with a gas outlet on one side of the upper part of the microwave pyrolysis bin and the liquid treatment bin through a gas pipeline respectively, the gas outlet of the microwave pyrolysis bin is also provided with a set of gas pipelines controlled by an electromagnetic valve, the gas pipelines controlled by the electromagnetic valve are communicated with a steam pipeline of the liquid treatment bin, and a gas outlet of the liquid treatment bin is provided with a gas extraction pump.
Further, open and shut the mechanism include with pivot fixed connection's first rotation pole, with first rotation pole fixed connection's first screw cap, with first screw cap vertical meshing pivoted second screw cap, with second screw cap bottom fixed connection's second dwang and with second dwang bottom fixed connection's rotation post, it is equipped with two sets of mutually perpendicular's dog to rotate the post side, offers on the disinfection storehouse lateral wall and is used for making the fluting that the dog rotated to pass, rotate the post with the connection is located to rotate in grooved bottom center, can cooperate through the removal of push pedal to open and shut the mechanism and be closed with the adjustable fender, need not to set up extra motor, has improved the convenient degree and the degree of automation of device.
Furthermore, the steam stirring mechanism comprises a main pipeline which is rotatably and hermetically connected with the steam pipeline, two groups of stirring rod groups which are positioned on the main pipeline and a stirring motor which is positioned at the outer bottom of the microwave pyrolysis bin and is connected with the main pipeline, the stirring rod groups comprise a plurality of stirring rods which are communicated with the main pipeline, the stirring rods are arranged in a hollow manner, one side of each stirring rod is fixedly connected with a stirring blade, the other side of each stirring rod is provided with a plurality of steam outlet holes, a filter screen is arranged between the two groups of stirring rod groups, the center of each filter screen is in matched and rotating connection with a convex ring of the main pipeline through a groove, two ends of each filter screen are fixedly connected with fixing rods arranged on the inner wall of the microwave pyrolysis bin, hot steam can be injected and simultaneously stirred sufficiently through the steam stirring mechanism, so that the pyrolysis reaction is accelerated, and simultaneously, sufficiently pyrolyzed small particles enter the next layer through the filter screen to continuously react further, preventing the impurities of the primary pyrolysis reaction from mixing with the impurities of the secondary pyrolysis reaction.
Further, disinfectant incasement portion both sides are equipped with clear water storehouse and disinfectant storehouse respectively, clear water storehouse and disinfectant storehouse bottom all are equipped with a plurality of running through the transfer line of dodge gate, every the transfer line bottom all is equipped with out the fog hole, and with the antiseptic solution blowout through atomizing mode, the cooperation is smashed the roller and is carried out preliminary disinfection to solid medical waste, and clear water storehouse spun clear water can wash crushing storehouse and crushing roller after using simultaneously, avoids secondary pollution.
Further, cabinet body outer wall with smash the storehouse and correspond the department and be equipped with two sets of rotation motors, it is two sets of rotate the output of motor run through the cabinet body with smash behind the storehouse outer wall with two sets of smash the bottom of roller and correspond and be connected, thereby avoid motor and antiseptic solution and clear water contact to wet.
Furthermore, the blanking plate is rotatably connected with the disinfection bin through spring shafts arranged at two ends of the bottom of the blanking plate, a convex block is arranged on the upper surface of the blanking plate positioned at the spring shaft, the blanking plate moves to the convex block through a push plate so as to rotate to open a blanking port, and the blanking plate automatically resets under the action of the spring shaft when the push plate is not in contact with the convex block any more.
Furthermore, the steam pipeline enters from one side of the upper part of the liquid treatment bin and extends to the bottom in the liquid treatment bin, the vibrator is arranged at the bottom outside the liquid treatment bin, and the contact between the liquid medical garbage and the disinfectant is promoted through vibration, so that the disinfection effect is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the medical waste systematic disinfection treatment method can classify solid medical waste and liquid medical waste generated in nursing or operation of the digestive system department, can thoroughly degrade the medical waste through crushing, disinfection and pyrolysis treatment, does not need to be immediately sent to a recovery station for uniform incineration treatment, greatly improves the convenience degree, simultaneously avoids environmental pollution or other damages caused by the fact that the medical waste is directly mixed into household waste, can directly discharge the treated solid and liquid medical waste, is convenient to use, has high disinfection efficiency, and has certain development prospect and popularization value.
(2) The medical waste systematization disinfection treatment device of the invention communicates the solid waste treatment module with the liquid waste treatment module, saves the using amount of disinfectant through secondary utilization, and simultaneously recycles hot gas generated by pyrolysis, thereby saving energy.
(3) The medical garbage systematization disinfection treatment device can be matched with the opening and closing mechanism to close the movable baffle through the movement of the push plate, an additional motor is not needed, and the convenience and the automation degree of the device are improved.
(4) According to the medical garbage systematization disinfection treatment device, hot steam is injected and simultaneously the medical garbage systematization disinfection treatment device is fully stirred through the steam stirring mechanism, the temperature rise of the microwave generator is assisted, the disinfection effect is improved under the combined action of the steam stirring mechanism and the microwave, the pyrolysis reaction is accelerated, meanwhile, small particles fully pyrolyzed enter the next layer through the filter screen to continuously carry out further reaction, the impurities of the primary pyrolysis reaction are prevented from being mixed with the impurities of the secondary pyrolysis reaction, and the residues after pyrolysis are prevented from being secondarily heated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall external structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the disinfectant tank, the pulverization chamber and the disinfection chamber of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the internal structure of the disinfectant tank of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sterilization chamber of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the opening and closing mechanism of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a microwave pyrolysis chamber of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the stirring mechanism of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the lower plate of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-cabinet body, 11-partition board, 12-solid garbage inlet, 13-liquid garbage inlet, 14-movable door, 15-hot steam generator, 151-steam pipeline, 16-gas purifier, 161-gas pipeline, 162-air pump, 2-crushing bin, 21-crushing roller, 22-rotating motor, 3-disinfection bin, 31-push plate, 32-push rod motor, 33-movable opening, 34-movable baffle, 341-rotating shaft, 35-feed opening, 36-feed plate, 361-lug, 362-spring shaft, 37-feed pipe, 38-slotting, 4-microwave pyrolysis bin, 41-microwave generator, 42-slag discharge opening, 5-liquid processing bin and 51-draft tube, 52-vibrator, 6-disinfectant box, 61-cleaning bin, 62-disinfectant bin, 63-infusion tube, 64-fog outlet hole, 7-opening and closing mechanism, 71-first rotating rod, 72-first screw cap, 73-second rotating rod, 74-second screw cap, 75-rotating column, 76-stopper, 8-stirring mechanism, 81-main tube, 82-stirring rod group, 821-stirring rod, 822-stirring blade, 823-steam outlet hole, 83-stirring motor, 84-filter screen and 85-fixing rod.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical waste in gastroenterology, comprising the following steps, as shown in fig. 10:
s1: respectively putting solid medical garbage and liquid medical garbage into a solid garbage treatment module and a liquid garbage treatment module;
s2: spraying disinfectant on the solid medical garbage, simultaneously carrying out primary crushing treatment, soaking the primarily crushed solid medical garbage in 20% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant for 30min, filtering out, and sending the used high-concentration disinfectant into a liquid garbage treatment module;
s3: high-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature disinfection treatment
S3-1: the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage is sent into a microwave pyrolysis bin 4 to be subjected to microwave pyrolysis treatment, and the amount of the solid medical garbage is 12m3H rate of injection of hot steam for preliminary pyrolysisReacting for 6min, and discharging the primarily generated incomplete pyrolysis waste gas into a gas purifier 16;
s3-2: synchronously performing with the step S3-1, vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening the vibrator 52 to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant, wherein the vibrator can promote the liquid medical garbage to fully react with the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: increasing the amount of injected steam to 25m after the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is finished3Performing secondary pyrolysis reaction for 15min, injecting the completely pyrolyzed waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into a liquid garbage treatment module, and performing secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage;
s4: and uniformly collecting, discharging and treating the solid medical waste after the secondary pyrolysis reaction and the liquid medical waste after the secondary high-temperature disinfection.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical waste in the department of gastroenterology comprises a cabinet body 1, and a solid waste treatment module and a liquid waste treatment module which are positioned on two sides inside the cabinet body 1 and separated by a partition plate 11, wherein a solid waste inlet 12 and a liquid waste inlet 13 are arranged on the upper surface of the cabinet body 1 side by side, a movable door 14 is arranged at the position of the solid waste inlet 12 in a sliding connection mode, and a disinfection liquid tank 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the movable door 14.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a clear water bin 61 and a disinfectant bin 62 are respectively arranged on two sides inside the disinfectant tank 6, a plurality of infusion tubes 63 penetrating through the movable door 14 are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the clear water bin 61 and the disinfectant bin 62, a mist outlet 64 is arranged at the bottom of each infusion tube 63, and the mist outlet 64 is adjusted in shape and structure for a commercially available ultrasonic atomizer to adapt to the device.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 9, the solid waste treatment module comprises a crushing bin 2, a disinfection bin 3 and a microwave pyrolysis bin 4, the bottom of a solid waste inlet 12 is connected with the crushing bin 2 on the upper surface inside the cabinet 1, two groups of mutually meshed crushing rollers 21 are arranged inside the crushing bin 2 side by side, two groups of rotating motors 22 are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the crushing bin 2, on the outer wall of the cabinet 1, the rotating motors 22 are commercially available gear reduction motors, the output ends of the two groups of rotating motors 22 penetrate through the outer walls of the cabinet 1 and the crushing bin 2 and then are correspondingly connected with the bottoms of the two groups of crushing rollers 21, the disinfection bin 3 is arranged below the meshing part of the two groups of crushing rollers 21, a push plate 31 is arranged in the disinfection bin 3 in a sliding connection manner, a push rod motor 32 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the disinfection bin 3, the push rod motor 32 is a commercially available LAP electric push rod, the output end of the push rod motor 32 penetrates through the outer walls of the cabinet 1 and the disinfection bin 3 and then is fixedly connected with the push plate 31, the end of the disinfection bin 3 is provided with a movable opening 33, the movable opening 33 is a corrosion-resistant rubber surface cross-shaped notch and can be opened under the action of pressure, the movable opening 33 is connected with a guide pipe 51 penetrating through the partition plate 11, the upper part of the side wall of the disinfection bin 3 is provided with two groups of movable baffles 34 which are symmetrically opened and closed and extend into the crushing bin 2, the movable baffles 34 are rotatably connected with the side wall of the disinfection bin 3 through a rotating shaft 341, the bottom of the rotating shaft 341 is provided with an opening and closing mechanism 7 for controlling the opening and closing of the movable baffles 34, the bottom of the end of the disinfection bin 3 is provided with a feed opening 35, the feed opening 35 is provided with a feed plate 36 which is movably and hermetically connected with the bottom of the disinfection bin 3, the feed plate 36 is rotatably connected with the disinfection bin 3 through a spring shaft 362 arranged at the two ends of the bottom of the feed plate, the upper surface of the feed plate 36 at the spring shaft 362 is provided with a lug 361, the lower part of the feed opening 35 is connected with a microwave pyrolysis bin 4 fixed on the partition plate 11 and the inner wall of the cabinet body 1 through a feed pipe 37, the upper surface of the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 is provided with a plurality of microwave generators 41, the microwave generators 41 are commercial 1KW magnetron drying and sterilizing microwave generators, and the bottom of the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 is provided with a slag discharge port 42.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the opening and closing mechanism 7 includes a first rotating rod 71 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 341, a first screw cap 72 fixedly connected to the first rotating rod 71, a second screw cap 74 vertically engaged with the first screw cap 72 for rotation, a second rotating rod 73 fixedly connected to the bottom of the second screw cap 74, and a rotating column 75 fixedly connected to the bottom of the second rotating rod 73, two sets of stoppers 76 are disposed on the side surface of the rotating column 75, two slots 38 are disposed on the side wall of the sterilizing compartment 3 for the stoppers 76 to rotate through, and the rotating column 75 is rotatably connected to the bottom center of the slot 38.
As shown in fig. 2, the liquid waste treatment module includes a liquid treatment bin 5, the liquid treatment bin 5 is connected with the bottom of the liquid waste inlet 13, and the guide pipe 51 is connected with the upper part of the liquid treatment bin 5.
As shown in fig. 2, 7 and 8, a thermal steam generator 15 is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the front side of the cabinet 1, the thermal steam generator 15 is a commercially available small-sized electric heating steam generator, the thermal steam generator 15 is respectively connected with the crushing bin 2, the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 and the liquid treatment bin 5 through a steam pipeline 151, the steam pipeline 151 enters from one side of the upper part of the liquid treatment bin 5 and extends to the bottom inside the liquid treatment bin 5, the steam pipeline 151 is connected with the center of the top of the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 and is communicated with a steam stirring mechanism 8 inside the microwave pyrolysis bin 4, the steam stirring mechanism 8 comprises a main pipeline 81 which is rotatably and hermetically connected with the steam pipeline 151, two groups of stirring rod groups 82 which are arranged on the main pipeline 81, and a stirring motor 83 which is arranged at the outer bottom of the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 and is connected with the main pipeline 81, the stirring motor 83 is a commercially available Z4 direct current motor, the stirring rod group 82 comprises a plurality of stirring rods 821 which are communicated with the main pipeline 81, puddler 821 is the cavity setting, and puddler 821 one side fixedly connected with stirring vane 822, and puddler 821 opposite side is equipped with a plurality of steam holes 823, is equipped with filter screen 84 between two sets of puddler group 82, and filter screen 84's aperture size is 2mm, and filter screen 84 center department is connected through recess and the bulge loop cooperation rotation of main pipeline 81, and filter screen 84 both ends and the dead lever 85 fixed connection that 4 inner walls in microwave pyrolysis storehouse were equipped with.
As shown in fig. 2, a gas purifier 16 is disposed on the outer side wall of the cabinet 1 at one side of the hot steam generator 15, the gas purifier 16 is a commercially available low-temperature plasma purifier, the gas purifier 16 is connected to the gas outlets at one side of the upper portions of the microwave pyrolysis chamber 4 and the liquid treatment chamber 5 through a gas pipeline 161, the gas outlet of the microwave pyrolysis chamber 4 is further provided with a set of gas pipelines 161 controlled by an electromagnetic valve, the gas pipeline 161 controlled by the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the steam pipeline 151 of the liquid treatment chamber 5, the gas outlet of the liquid treatment chamber 5 is provided with a gas extraction pump 162, the gas extraction pump 162 is a commercially available vacuum gas extraction pump, the shape structure of the commercially available vacuum gas extraction pump is adjusted to adapt to the above device, the outer bottom of the liquid treatment chamber 5 is provided with a vibrator 52, and the vibrator 52 is a commercially available GT/K08 vortex pneumatic vibrator.
The specific steps and the working principle of applying the device for the systematic disinfection treatment of the medical garbage in the department of gastroenterology to carry out garbage treatment are as follows:
the working principle of the disinfectant tank 6 is as follows:
after solid medical garbage is put between the two groups of crushing rollers 21 in the crushing bin 2, the movable door 14 is closed, the fog outlet 64 at the bottom of the disinfectant bin 62 in the disinfectant box 6 is opened to spray disinfectant, so that the atomized disinfectant is uniformly scattered on the solid medical garbage, simultaneously, the rotating motor 22 is started to ensure that the two groups of crushing rollers 21 synchronously rotate inwards to preliminarily crush the solid medical waste, meanwhile, the solid medical garbage and the disinfectant flow into the disinfection bin 3 along the crushing roller 21, the mist outlet 64 is continuously opened until the disinfection solution in the disinfection bin 3 is enough to soak the solid medical waste, at this time, the mist outlet 64 of the disinfection solution bin 62 is closed, the mist outlet of the clear water bin 61 is opened, clear water is sprayed out along the liquid conveying pipe 63 and the mist outlet 64 to clean the crushing roller 21, the crushing roller 21 rotates for at least one circle, and the liquid level in the disinfection bin 3 cannot exceed the height of the rotating shaft 341.
The working principle of the disinfection bin 3 is as follows:
after the preliminarily crushed solid medical waste is soaked in the disinfection bin 3, the push rod motor 32 is turned on to push the push plate 31, when the push plate 31 passes through the position of the stop 76, the stop 76 is pushed to rotate, the rotating column 75 is driven to rotate at the same time, the second rotating rod 73 and the second threaded cap 74 are sequentially driven to rotate, the first threaded cap 72 meshed with the second threaded cap 74 synchronously rotates, and the first rotating rod 71 is driven to rotate at the same time, so that the two groups of rotating shafts 341 rotate to close the two groups of movable baffles 34;
the push plate 31 continues to move forwards, at the moment, the disinfectant in the disinfection bin 3 extrudes the movable opening 33 to open the movable opening, and the disinfectant is discharged into the liquid treatment bin 5 through the guide pipe 51;
the push plate 31 continues to move forwards, when the push plate 31 contacts the projection 361, the projection 361 is pushed to rotate 90 degrees, the blanking plate 36 is opened under the action of the spring shaft 362, the push rod motor 32 is closed, solid medical waste in the disinfection bin 3 is discharged into the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 from the blanking port 35 through the blanking pipe 37, the push rod motor 32 is opened to withdraw the push plate 31, and the blanking plate 36 automatically springs back to a state of being sealed with the bottom of the disinfection bin 3 under the action of the spring shaft 362.
The working principle of the microwave pyrolysis bin 4 is as follows:
after the sterilized solid medical waste falls onto the filter screen 84 in the microwave pyrolysis chamber 4, the microwave generator 41 is turned on, the magnetron in the microwave generator 41 is utilized to convert the electric energy into microwaves, and the microwaves penetrate through the solid medical waste at the oscillation frequency of 2450MHz per second, when the microwaves are absorbed by the solid medical waste, polar molecules in the waste are attracted and rapidly oscillate at the speed of 24 hundred million and 5 million times per second, so that the molecules collide with each other to generate a large amount of friction heat, the microwave pyrolysis chamber 4 sterilizes the solid medical waste by utilizing the friction heat generated by the molecules of the solid medical waste and the microwave sterilization mode of simultaneously and rapidly heating the inside and the outside, simultaneously the hot steam generator 15 is turned on to inject hot steam from the steam pipeline 151, after the hot steam enters the main pipeline 81, the stirring motor 83 is turned on to drive the main pipeline 81 to rotate, and the solid medical waste is stirred by the stirring blades 822, meanwhile, the steam outlet hole 823 on the stirring rod 821 sprays steam to accelerate the pyrolysis reaction;
when the solid medical waste is decomposed into the size smaller than the aperture of the filter screen 84, the solid medical waste falls below the filter screen 84, and stirring pyrolysis is continuously carried out until all the solid medical waste is pyrolyzed.
Example 2
This example is essentially the same as example 1 except that the reaction time is different.
S2: spraying disinfectant on the solid medical garbage, simultaneously carrying out primary crushing treatment, soaking the primarily crushed solid medical garbage in 20 mass percent hydrogen peroxide disinfectant for 45min, filtering out, and sending the used high-concentration disinfectant into a liquid garbage treatment module;
s3: high-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature disinfection treatment
S3-1: the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage is sent into a microwave pyrolysis bin 4 to be subjected to microwave pyrolysis treatment, and the amount of the solid medical garbage is 12m3Injecting hot steam at a speed of/h to perform primary pyrolysis reaction for 7min, and discharging incomplete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the primary pyrolysis reaction into the gas purifier 16;
s3-2: synchronously performing with the step S3-1, vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening the vibrator 52 to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: increasing the amount of injected steam to 25m after the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is finished3Performing secondary pyrolysis reaction for 25min, injecting the completely pyrolyzed waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into the liquid waste treatment module through an air pipeline 161 controlled by a solenoid valve, and performing secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical waste;
example 3
This example is essentially the same as example 1 except that the reaction time is different.
S2: spraying disinfectant on the solid medical garbage, simultaneously carrying out primary crushing treatment, soaking the primarily crushed solid medical garbage in 20% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant for 60min, filtering out, and sending the used high-concentration disinfectant into a liquid garbage treatment module;
s3: high-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature disinfection treatment
S3-1: the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage is sent into a microwave pyrolysis bin 4 to be subjected to microwave pyrolysis treatment, and the amount of the solid medical garbage is 12m3Injecting hot steam at a speed of/h to perform primary pyrolysis reaction for 8min, and discharging incomplete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the primary pyrolysis reaction into the gas purifier 16;
s3-2: synchronously performing with the step S3-1, vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening the vibrator 52 to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: increasing the amount of injected steam to 25m after the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is finished3Performing secondary pyrolysis reaction for 30min, injecting the completely pyrolyzed waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into the liquid waste treatment module through an air pipeline 161 controlled by a solenoid valve, and performing secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical waste;
example 4
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the steam injection rate is different.
S3-1: the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage is sent into a microwave pyrolysis bin 4 to be subjected to microwave pyrolysis treatment, and the microwave pyrolysis treatment is carried out on the solid medical garbage at the speed of 13m3Heat injection rate/hPerforming primary pyrolysis reaction on the steam for 6min, and discharging incomplete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the primary pyrolysis reaction into the gas purifier 16;
s3-2: synchronously performing with the step S3-1, vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening the vibrator 52 to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: increasing the amount of injected steam to 29m after the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is finished3Performing secondary pyrolysis reaction for 15min, injecting the completely pyrolyzed waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into the liquid waste treatment module through an air pipeline 161 controlled by a solenoid valve, and performing secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical waste;
example 5
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that the steam injection rate is different.
S3-1: the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage is sent into a microwave pyrolysis bin 4 to be subjected to microwave pyrolysis treatment, and the thickness of the solid medical garbage is 15m3Injecting hot steam at a speed of/h to perform primary pyrolysis reaction for 6min, and discharging incomplete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the primary pyrolysis reaction into the gas purifier 16;
s3-2: synchronously performing with the step S3-1, vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening the vibrator 52 to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: increasing the amount of injected steam to 30m after the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is finished3Performing secondary pyrolysis reaction for 15min, injecting the completely pyrolyzed waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into the liquid waste treatment module through an air pipeline 161 controlled by a solenoid valve, and performing secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical waste;
the solid and liquid medical waste residues treated in the examples 1 to 5 are subjected to harmful substance detection, and the detected results meet the emission requirements of medical waste incineration environmental sanitation standard CJ3036-1995 and domestic waste classification treatment specification DB 5101/T73-2020, and can be recycled and discharged as normal waste.
Claims (7)
1. A method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical waste in gastroenterology, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: respectively putting solid medical garbage and liquid medical garbage into a solid garbage treatment module and a liquid garbage treatment module;
s2: spraying disinfectant on the solid medical garbage, simultaneously carrying out primary crushing treatment, soaking the primarily crushed solid medical garbage in high-concentration disinfectant for a period of time, filtering out, and sending the used high-concentration disinfectant into a liquid garbage treatment module;
s3: high-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature disinfection treatment
S3-1: the soaked and disinfected solid medical garbage is sent into a microwave pyrolysis bin (4) to carry out microwave pyrolysis treatment on the solid medical garbage, meanwhile, hot steam is injected to carry out preliminary pyrolysis reaction, and incomplete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is discharged into a gas purifier (16);
s3-2: vacuumizing the liquid garbage treatment module and opening a vibrator (52) to perform primary disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage and the high-concentration disinfectant;
s3-3: after the primary pyrolysis reaction is finished, increasing the amount of injected steam to carry out secondary pyrolysis reaction, injecting the complete pyrolysis waste gas generated by the secondary pyrolysis reaction into a liquid garbage treatment module, and carrying out secondary high-temperature disinfection treatment on the liquid medical garbage;
s4: uniformly collecting, discharging and treating solid medical waste after the secondary pyrolysis reaction and liquid medical waste after the secondary high-temperature disinfection;
the method uses a device for systematic disinfection treatment of medical garbage in the department of gastroenterology for disinfection treatment, the device comprises a cabinet body (1) and a solid garbage treatment module and a liquid garbage treatment module which are positioned at two sides inside the cabinet body (1) and are separated by a partition plate (11), the upper surface of the cabinet body (1) is provided with a solid garbage inlet (12) and a liquid garbage inlet (13) side by side, the solid garbage inlet (12) is provided with a movable door (14) in a sliding connection manner, the upper surface of the movable door (14) is provided with a disinfection liquid tank (6),
the solid waste treatment module comprises a crushing bin (2), a disinfection bin (3) and a microwave pyrolysis bin (4), wherein the bottom of a solid waste inlet (12) is connected with the crushing bin (2) which is positioned on the upper surface inside the cabinet body (1), the crushing bin (2) is internally provided with two groups of mutually meshed crushing rollers (21) side by side, the disinfection bin (3) is arranged below the meshing part of the crushing rollers (21), the disinfection bin (3) is internally provided with a push plate (31) in a sliding connection manner, the outer wall of the cabinet body (1) and the corresponding part of the disinfection bin (3) are provided with a push rod motor (32), the output end of the push rod motor (32) penetrates through the outer wall of the cabinet body (1) and the disinfection bin (3) and then is fixedly connected with the push plate (31), the tail end of the disinfection bin (3) is provided with a movable opening (33), the movable opening (33) is connected with a guide pipe (51) penetrating through the partition plate (11), the upper part of the side wall of the disinfection bin (3) is provided with two groups of symmetrically opening and closing movable baffles (34) extending to the inside of the crushing bin (2), the movable baffles (34) are rotatably connected with the side wall of the disinfection bin (3) through rotating shafts (341), the bottom of each rotating shaft (341) is provided with an opening and closing mechanism (7) used for controlling the opening and closing of the movable baffles (34), the bottom of the tail end of the disinfection bin (3) is provided with a feed opening (35), the feed opening (35) is provided with a feed plate (36) which is movably and hermetically connected with the bottom of the disinfection bin (3), the lower part of the feed opening (35) is connected with a microwave pyrolysis bin (4) fixed on the inner walls of the partition plate (11) and the cabinet body (1) through a feed pipe (37), the upper surface of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) is provided with a plurality of microwave generators (41), and the bottom of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) is provided with a slag discharge opening (42),
the liquid garbage treatment module comprises a liquid treatment bin (5), the liquid treatment bin (5) is connected with the bottom of the liquid garbage inlet (13), the guide pipe (51) is connected with the upper part of the liquid treatment bin (5),
the outer side wall of the front face of the cabinet body (1) is fixedly provided with a hot steam generator (15), the hot steam generator (15) is respectively connected with the crushing bin (2), the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) and the liquid treatment bin (5) through a steam pipeline (151), the steam pipeline (151) is connected with the center of the top of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) and communicated with a steam stirring mechanism (8) inside the microwave pyrolysis bin (4), the steam pipeline (151) enters from one side of the upper part of the liquid treatment bin (5) and extends to the inner bottom of the liquid treatment bin (5), the outer bottom of the liquid treatment bin (5) is provided with a vibrator (52),
the outer side wall of the cabinet body (1) positioned on one side of the hot steam generator (15) is provided with a gas purifier (16), the gas purifier (16) is respectively connected with gas outlets on one sides of the upper parts of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) and the liquid treatment bin (5) through gas pipelines (161), the gas outlet of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) is also provided with a group of gas pipelines (161) controlled by an electromagnetic valve, the gas pipelines (161) controlled by the electromagnetic valve are communicated with a steam pipeline (151) of the liquid treatment bin (5), and a gas outlet of the liquid treatment bin (5) is provided with a gas extraction pump (162);
the opening and closing mechanism (7) comprises a first rotating rod (71) fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (341), a first threaded cap (72) fixedly connected with the first rotating rod (71), a second threaded cap (74) vertically meshed with the first threaded cap (72) and rotated, a second rotating rod (73) fixedly connected with the bottom of the second threaded cap (74), and a rotating column (75) fixedly connected with the bottom of the second rotating rod (73), wherein two groups of mutually vertical stop blocks (76) are arranged on the side surface of the rotating column (75), a slot (38) which is used for enabling the stop block (76) to rotate and pass is formed in the side wall of the disinfection bin (3), the rotating column (75) is rotatably connected with the center of the bottom of the slot (38),
after the solid medical waste after preliminary crushing is soaked in disinfection storehouse (3) and is finished, open push rod motor (32), promote push pedal (31), when push pedal (31) process dog (76) position, promote dog (76) and rotate, drive simultaneously and rotate post (75) and rotate, drive second dwang (73) and second screw cap (74) rotation in order, first screw cap (72) synchronous rotation with second screw cap (74) meshing, drive first dwang (71) simultaneously and rotate, make two sets of pivots (341) rotate and close two sets of adjustable fender (34).
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high concentration disinfectant in step S2 is a hydrogen peroxide disinfectant with a mass concentration of 20%, and the soaking time is 30-60 min.
3. The method for systematic sterilization of medical waste for department of gastroenterology according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary pyrolysis reaction time of the solid medical waste in the step S3-1 is 6-8min, and the amount of the hot steam injected in the preliminary pyrolysis reaction is 12-15m3The time of the secondary pyrolysis reaction is 15-30min, and the quantity of hot steam injected in the secondary pyrolysis reaction is 25-30m3Step S3-1 is performed in synchronization with step S3-2.
4. The method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical wastes in the department of gastroenterology according to claim 1, wherein the steam stirring mechanism (8) comprises a main pipeline (81) rotatably and hermetically connected with the steam pipeline (151), two groups of stirring rod groups (82) located on the main pipeline (81), and a stirring motor (83) located at the outer bottom of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4) and connected with the main pipeline (81), the stirring rod groups (82) comprise a plurality of stirring rods (821) communicated with the main pipeline (81), the stirring rods (821) are arranged in a hollow manner, one side of each stirring rod (821) is fixedly connected with a stirring blade (822), the other side of each stirring rod (821) is provided with a plurality of steam outlet holes (823), a filter screen (84) is arranged between the two groups of stirring rod groups (82), the center of the filter screen (84) is rotatably connected with a convex ring of the main pipeline (81) through a groove in a matching manner, two ends of the filter screen (84) are fixedly connected with a fixed rod (85) arranged on the inner wall of the microwave pyrolysis bin (4).
5. The method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical waste in department of gastroenterology according to claim 1, wherein a clear water bin (61) and a disinfectant bin (62) are respectively arranged on two sides inside the disinfectant tank (6), a plurality of infusion tubes (63) penetrating through the movable door (14) are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the clear water bin (61) and the disinfectant bin (62), and a mist outlet hole (64) is respectively arranged at the bottom of each infusion tube (63).
6. The method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical waste in department of gastroenterology according to claim 1, wherein two sets of rotating motors (22) are arranged at the outer wall of the cabinet body (1) corresponding to the crushing bin (2), and the output ends of the two sets of rotating motors (22) penetrate through the outer walls of the cabinet body (1) and the crushing bin (2) and then are correspondingly connected with the bottoms of the two sets of crushing rollers (21).
7. The method for systematic disinfection treatment of medical waste in department of gastroenterology according to claim 1, wherein the blanking plate (36) is rotatably connected with the disinfection bin (3) through spring shafts (362) arranged at both ends of the bottom of the blanking plate, and the upper surface of the blanking plate (36) at the spring shafts (362) is provided with a bump (361).
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