CN111273255B - Laser radar transmitting device and laser radar - Google Patents
Laser radar transmitting device and laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111273255B CN111273255B CN201811475716.1A CN201811475716A CN111273255B CN 111273255 B CN111273255 B CN 111273255B CN 201811475716 A CN201811475716 A CN 201811475716A CN 111273255 B CN111273255 B CN 111273255B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
- G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of laser radars, and discloses a laser radar transmitting device, which comprises a laser generating unit and a laser transmitting unit, wherein the laser generating unit comprises a plurality of laser transmitters; a rotation unit including a rotation shaft; a reflector connected to the rotation shaft and having a reflection surface inclined from the rotation shaft; the collimation unit is arranged on the light path between the laser generation unit and the reflector; the laser beams emitted by the laser transmitters are respectively collimated by the collimating units and then are incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector, and the rotating shaft drives the reflector to rotate so as to reflect the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface. The application adopts a reflecting collimating lens system or a collimating system combining a collimating lens and a reflecting mirror, has stable structure, can flexibly design the emergent angle of each laser according to actual needs, and realizes large-view-field scanning in the vertical direction.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to a laser radar transmitting device and a laser radar.
Background
Currently, 360-degree laser radars adopt a mode of rotating together with an electronic system for scanning. Each transmitted or received scan field pitch angle is unchanged, and the scan is rotated to form a scan-zone. The plurality of scan-zones are superimposed to form a scan-field-of-view. The 360-degree scanning laser radar needs a light emitting and receiving device, an electronic control system and an optical system to rotate together for scanning, and has high requirements on a rotating mechanism and great difficulty.
Chinese patent application (201710463616.6) discloses a multi-line laser radar based on multiple lasers, comprising a rotor and a stator; a supporting body and a light collimation device are arranged in the rotor, and a plurality of lasers are arranged on the supporting body; the projection points of the lasers on the supporting body on a vertical plane comprising the main shaft of the light collimation device are distributed in a sparse and dense mode in the up-down direction. Although the laser radar with the structure realizes that the scanning lines in the up-down direction have density distribution, the densities of the scanning lines in the 360-degree direction in the horizontal direction are consistent, and the laser radar is not suitable for the application with different requirements on the heights of the densities in different directions in the horizontal direction. In addition, the whole of the laser, the light collimation device and the like in the structure rotate along with the rotor, and the structure is complex and the stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a laser radar transmitting device and a laser radar, which can realize 360-degree omnibearing large-view-field laser scanning detection, have high resolutions with different densities in the vertical direction, and have simple and stable structures.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, the present application provides a lidar transmission device comprising:
A laser generating unit including a plurality of laser emitters;
A rotation unit including a rotation shaft;
A reflector having a reflecting surface, the reflector being connected to the rotating shaft; the reflecting surface and the rotating shaft have an inclined included angle, and the reflecting surface is used for changing the propagation direction of laser emitted by the laser emitter;
The collimating unit is arranged on the light path between the laser generating unit and the reflector and is used for collimating the laser emitted by the laser emitter;
and the plurality of laser emitted by the laser emitters are respectively collimated by the collimating unit and then are incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector, and the rotating shaft drives the reflector to rotate so as to reflect the laser incident on the reflecting surface.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the collimating unit is a reflective collimating lens system or a collimating lens and reflecting mirror combined system.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the reflective collimating mirror system comprises a plurality of aspherical mirrors, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the plurality of aspherical mirrors for a plurality of times.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the reflecting surface of the reflector faces the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane of the laser generating unit; the reflective collimator lens system includes three aspherical mirrors.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the three aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, a second annular arc surface surrounding the rotation axis, and a third aspherical reflecting surface opposing the reflector; each laser emitter of the laser generating unit is arranged around the third aspheric reflecting surface; laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric reflecting surface in sequence.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the reflecting surface of the reflector faces away from the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane of the laser generating unit; the reflective collimator lens system comprises two aspherical mirrors.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the two aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, and a second aspherical reflecting surface opposite to the reflector; laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the first annular cambered surface and the second aspheric reflecting surface in sequence.
As a further improvement of the implementation mode, the second aspheric reflecting mirror is a second annular cambered surface or a complete cambered surface.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the collimating unit is a collimating lens and reflecting mirror combined system; the collimating unit comprises a collimating lens and at least one reflecting mirror;
The reflecting surface of the reflector faces away from the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located;
the laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the reflector and then enters the collimating lens, and the laser is collimated by the collimating lens and then enters the reflecting surface of the reflector.
As a further improvement of the embodiment, the plurality of laser emitters are distributed around the rotation axis or an extension of the rotation axis.
The application provides another technical scheme that: a lidar comprising a transmitting device and a receiving device, the transmitting device employing the lidar transmitting device of any of the embodiments above; the receiving device comprises a plurality of light detectors, and return light received by the laser radar is reflected to the collimating unit by the reflecting surface of the reflector, and is incident on the corresponding light detectors after passing through the collimating unit.
The application has the beneficial effects that: the reflective collimating lens system or the collimating system formed by combining the collimating lens and the reflecting mirror is adopted, so that the structure is stable, the emergent angles of all lasers can be flexibly designed according to actual needs, and the large-view-field scanning is realized in the vertical direction; the single reflector rotating structure is adopted to realize 360-degree laser scanning, and the structure is simple and stable; through laser emitter distribution design, 360-degree all-round large-view-field laser scanning detection is realized in a single reflector rotating structure, and different resolution distributions in vertical directions in different directions are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser radar transmitting apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of laser transmitters in embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a trace of a scanning spot of a scanning laser rotating with a reflector in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cloud of scan points of embodiment 1 of the present application;
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a laser radar transmitting apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present application in fig. 1;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of a laser radar transmitting apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present application in fig. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a part of the optical path of a laser radar transmitting apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a part of the optical path of a laser radar transmitting apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a part of the optical path of a laser radar transmitting apparatus according to embodiment 4 of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lidar according to embodiment 5 of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of laser emitters and photodetectors in example 5;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of laser transmitters and photodetectors of a laser radar according to embodiment 6 of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of a lidar of embodiment 7 of the present application.
Reference numerals: 10. a fixing frame unit; 110. a first mounting table; 111. a first mounting surface; 112. a third mounting surface; 120. a second mounting table; 121. a second mounting surface; 130. a third mounting table; 131. a fourth mounting surface; 20. a laser generating unit; 21. a laser generator; 22. a heat sink; 23. a transmitting circuit board; 24. a circuit board; 30. a rotating unit; 31. a rotation shaft; 40. a reflector; 41. a reflecting surface; 50. a collimation unit; 51. a first aspherical mirror; 52. a second aspherical mirror; 53. a third aspherical mirror; 54. a first mirror; 55. a second mirror; 56. a collimating lens; 60. a photodetector; 61. a receiving circuit board; 30', a second rotation unit; 31', a second rotation axis; 40', a receiving reflector; 41', receiving reflective surfaces; 50', a focusing unit; 51', a fourth aspherical mirror; 52' a fifth aspherical mirror; 53', a sixth aspherical mirror.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the application and structural, methodological, or functional modifications of these embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art are included within the scope of the application.
In the various illustrations of the application, certain dimensions of structures or portions may be exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for convenience of illustration, and thus serve only to illustrate the basic structure of the inventive subject matter.
In addition, terms such as "upper", "above", "lower", "below", and the like, used herein to denote spatially relative positions are used for convenience of description to describe one element or feature relative to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. The term spatially relative position may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. When an element or layer is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected to, or intervening elements or layers may be present.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the lidar transmission device includes a fixing frame unit 10, a laser generating unit 20, a rotating unit 30, a reflector 40, and a collimating unit 50. The mount unit 10 includes a first mount 110 and a second mount 120, the first mount 110 having a first mounting surface 111, and the second mount 120 having a second mounting surface 121 opposite the first mounting surface 111. The laser generating unit 20 is mounted on the second mounting surface 121, and the laser generating unit 20 includes a plurality of laser emitters 21. The rotation unit 30 includes a rotation shaft 31, and the reflector 40 is connected to the rotation shaft 31. The rotating unit 30 includes a driver such as a stepper motor or a dc brushless motor, and the rotating shaft 31 is a rotation center line of a rotating member connected to the reflector 40 on the driver and driving the reflector 40 to rotate, and the rotating member generally adopts a cylinder or a disc. The reflector 40 has a reflecting surface 41, and the reflecting surface 41 has an inclined angle a with respect to the rotation axis 31 for changing the propagation direction of the laser light emitted from the laser emitter 21. The collimating unit 50 is disposed on an optical path between the laser generating unit 20 and the reflector 40, and is configured to collimate the laser light emitted from the laser emitter 21. The laser beams emitted from the plurality of laser transmitters 21 are collimated by the collimating unit 50 and then are incident on the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and the rotating shaft 31 drives the reflector 40 to rotate, so that the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface 41 are reflected.
In this embodiment, the plurality of laser emitters 21 of the laser generating unit 20 are distributed around the extension line of the above-described rotation shaft 31. As shown in fig. 2, the laser generating unit 20 in this embodiment further includes a circular emission circuit board 23, and a heat sink 22 disposed around the outer periphery of the emission circuit board 23, and a plurality of laser emitters 21 are disposed on the heat sink 22 and are circularly distributed around the outer periphery of the emission circuit board 23 to form circularly distributed laser emission points. In this embodiment, the heat sink 22 and the transmitting circuit board 23 are provided together on the second mounting surface 121 of the second mounting stage 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the second mounting stage 120 may be directly used as a heat sink, so that the step of providing the heat sink 22 on the second mounting stage 120 is omitted. In this embodiment, the collimating unit 50 includes a collimating lens, and the laser light emitted from each laser emitter 21 is directly incident on the collimating lens, collimated by the collimating lens, incident on the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and reflected by the reflecting surface 41, and incident on the detection area. As shown in fig. 3, a certain beam of laser light emitted from the laser emitters 21 in a circular distribution, along with the rotation of the reflector 40, the angle of the outgoing light of the laser light after being reflected by the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 changes in a sinusoidal manner, and a sinusoidal scanning line is formed in a 360 ° scanning range, that is, the scanning positions of the laser light in the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane are different in the 360 ° scanning range.
When the laser scanning lines emitted by a plurality of laser transmitters which are distributed in a circle form change in a sine rule along with the rotation of the reflector, a scanning point cloud chart shown in fig. 4 is formed, and the circle-shaped light spot array can be seen to roll when rotating around the laser radar transmitting device for 360 degrees in the horizontal direction along with the rotation of the reflector, and the circle-shaped light spot array can roll when completing 360-degree rotation. As shown in fig. 4, the scan point cloud is within a 360 ° scan range, the scan field in the vertical direction is unchanged, and the resolutions of different heights are different. According to the practical use requirement, the arrangement density of the laser transmitters in the specific direction is designed to be higher, the arrangement density of the laser transmitters in other directions is lower, and the laser transmitters in the specific direction can be formed to have higher resolution in the specific height in the specific direction. Such as the highest point at the front, the middle height on the left and right sides, and the lowest point at the rear, can be formed to achieve high resolution scanning at the same time, while the resolution at other locations is somewhat lower.
The structure can realize 360-degree scanning by only rotating the reflector, and other parts are fixed, so that the structure is simple and stable and has strong reliability. The laser device has a large scanning field in the vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the size of the scanning field in the vertical direction can be realized by designing the distribution circular diameter of the laser emitters and the parameters of the collimation unit; the scanning position in the vertical direction, namely the scanning height or the scanning height, can be realized by designing the inclined included angle a between the reflecting surface of the reflector and the rotating shaft.
In other embodiments, the plurality of laser emitters may also be distributed in an elliptical or polygonal shape. The closer the laser emitters are distributed to a circle, the more uniform the scanning point cloud image is in the scanning field of view in the vertical direction of different directions.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5 to 7, in this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, the collimating unit 50 adopts a reflective collimator system to collimate the laser light emitted from the laser emitter 21, and has a simple structure, so that the emitting device has a small volume. The reflecting collimating mirror system comprises a plurality of aspheric mirrors, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the aspheric mirrors for a plurality of times.
In this embodiment, the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces the laser generating unit 20 and is inclined to the plane in which the laser generating unit 20 is located, that is, the rotating unit 30 is mounted on the first mounting surface 111 of the fixing frame unit 10, and the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces and is inclined to the second mounting surface 121. The reflective collimating mirror system comprises three aspheric mirrors: a first aspherical mirror 51, a second aspherical mirror 52, and a third aspherical mirror 53. Wherein the first aspherical mirror 51 comprises a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit 20, the second aspherical mirror 52 comprises a second annular arc surface surrounding the rotation axis 31, the third aspherical mirror 53 comprises a third aspherical reflecting surface opposite to the reflector 40, and each laser emitter 21 of the laser generating unit 20 is arranged around the third aspherical reflecting surface. The first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric reflecting surface are matched, and collimation of laser beams is achieved through tertiary reflection. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is collimated and incident on the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 after being reflected by the first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric reflecting surface in sequence, and is incident on the detection area after being reflected by the reflecting surface 41. Once the mounting position and angle are determined, the aspherical mirrors of the reflective collimator system are fixed.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 8, this embodiment has the same laser distribution as embodiment 2, except that the mounting positions of the rotation unit and the reflector are changed, so that the reflective collimator lens system also omits one aspherical mirror. Specifically, in this embodiment, the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces away from the laser generating unit 20 and is inclined to the plane in which the laser generating unit 20 is located, that is, the rotating unit 30 is mounted on the second mounting surface 121 of the fixing frame unit 10, and the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces toward and is inclined to the first mounting surface 111. In this embodiment, the plurality of laser emitters 21 of the laser generating unit 20 are distributed around the above-described rotation axis 31. The reflective collimating mirror system comprises two aspheric mirrors: a first aspherical mirror 51 and a second aspherical mirror 52. Wherein the first aspherical mirror 51 comprises a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit 20, and the second aspherical mirror 52 comprises a second aspherical reflecting surface opposite to the reflector 40. In this embodiment, the second aspheric reflective surface is a second annular arc surface extending around the axis of rotation 31, and in other embodiments a complete arc surface may be used, where the complete arc surface is continuous and free of voids relative to the annular arc surface. The second annular cambered surface or the complete cambered surface can be of an integrally formed structure or of a structure formed by splicing a plurality of sub cambered surfaces. The first annular cambered surface is matched with the second aspheric reflecting surface, and the collimation of the laser beam is realized through twice reflection. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is collimated and incident on the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 after being reflected by the first annular cambered surface and the second aspheric reflecting surface in sequence, and is incident on the detection area after being reflected by the reflecting surface 41. Once the mounting position and angle are determined, the aspherical mirrors of the reflective collimator system are fixed. The embodiment has a simpler structure, and the volume of the transmitting device can be further reduced.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 9, this embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that in this embodiment, a collimator lens and mirror combination system is employed for the collimator unit 50, and the collimator unit 50 includes a collimator lens 56 and at least one mirror 55.
In this embodiment, the collimating unit 50 comprises a collimating lens 56 and two mirrors: a first mirror 54 and a second mirror 55. This embodiment has the same laser distribution as embodiment 3, as well as the mounting locations of the rotating unit and the reflector. Specifically, the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces away from the laser generating unit 20 and is inclined to the plane in which the laser generating unit 20 is located, that is, the rotating unit 30 is mounted on the second mounting surface 121 of the fixing frame unit 10, and the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 faces toward and is inclined to the first mounting surface 111. In this embodiment, the plurality of laser generators 21 of the laser generating unit 20 are distributed around the above-described rotation shaft 31. The laser beam emitted from the laser emitter 21 is reflected by the first mirror 54 and the second mirror 55, then enters the collimator lens 56, is collimated by the collimator lens 56, enters the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, and is reflected by the reflecting surface 41 to enter the detection region. By designing the reflection angle of the first mirror 54 and/or the second mirror 55, the size of the aperture of the laser light distribution incident on the reflection surface 41 of the reflector 40 can be changed, thereby changing the size of the scan field in the vertical direction.
The application also provides a laser radar, which comprises a transmitting device and a receiving device, wherein the transmitting device can adopt the transmitting device of any embodiment, the receiving device comprises a plurality of light detectors, the receiving device and the transmitting device adopt a coaxial structure combination, return light received by the laser radar is reflected to a collimation unit by a reflecting surface of the reflector, and the return light is incident to the corresponding light detectors after passing through the collimation unit. Of course, the receiving device may be combined with the transmitting device by adopting a structure of transmitting and receiving different axes. Specifically, the following examples are set forth.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the lidar of this embodiment employs a combination of transmit-receive coaxial structures. The lidar includes a transmitting substrate and a receiving substrate stacked one above the other. The emission substrate includes an emission circuit board 23 and a heat sink 22 disposed around the emission circuit board 23, and the plurality of laser emitters 21 of any of the embodiments 1-4 are disposed on the heat sink 22 and are electrically connected to the emission circuit board 23, respectively. The receiving substrate includes a receiving circuit board 61, and photodetectors 60 are provided on the receiving circuit board 61, each photodetector 60 being aligned with a corresponding laser emitter 21, respectively. In this embodiment, the heat sink 22 and the transmitting circuit board 23 are provided together on the second mounting surface 121 of the second mounting stage 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the second mounting stage 120 may be directly used as a heat sink, so that the step of providing the heat sink 22 on the second mounting stage 120 is omitted.
In this embodiment, the receiving circuit board 61 is disposed above the transmitting circuit board 23, and the size of the receiving circuit board 61 is slightly smaller than the size of the transmitting circuit board 23, so that each photodetector 60 is aligned with a corresponding laser emitter 21 respectively above and behind the light emitting face of the corresponding laser emitter 21. It is of course also possible to use a stacked arrangement of the receiving circuit board 61 below the transmitting circuit board 23, the dimensions of the circuit board provided below being larger than those of the circuit board above. Therefore, the transmitting device and the receiving device of the laser radar can share one set of optical system, parts are reduced, the size is small, and the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit are separated and have small crosstalk.
The laser emitted by the laser emitter 21 is collimated by the collimation system and then enters the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, is reflected by the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40, is reflected back to the laser radar when the detection area meets the detected object, and the return light is received by the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 and reflected to the collimation system, enters the corresponding light detector 60 after passing through the collimation system, is received by the light detector 60 and is converted into an electric signal to be sent to the receiving circuit board 61 and the control detection system at the rear end.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 12, this embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that the photodetector 60 and the laser emitter 21 in this embodiment are provided on the same substrate. The substrate includes a circuit board 24 and a heat sink 22 disposed around the circuit board 24, with both transmit and receive circuitry disposed on the circuit board 24. The plurality of laser transmitters 21 are disposed on the heat sink 22 and are electrically connected to the transmitting circuits of the circuit board 24, respectively. A plurality of photo detectors 60 and a plurality of laser transmitters 21 are spaced apart on the heat sink 22, each photo detector 60 being electrically connected to a receiving circuit on the circuit board 24. In this embodiment, the heat sink 22 and the transmitting circuit board 23 are provided together on the second mounting surface 121 of the second mounting stage 120. Of course, in other embodiments, the second mounting stage may be directly used as a heat sink, so that the step of providing a heat sink 22 on the second mounting stage is omitted.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 13, this embodiment is different from embodiment 6 in that the lidar of this embodiment adopts a structure of transmitting and receiving a different axis. The transmitting device may be any one of the transmitting devices of embodiments 1 to 4 described above, and the structure of the transmitting device of embodiment 2 is taken as an example in this embodiment.
The receiving means comprise a plurality of light detectors 60, a receiving reflector 40', a focusing unit 50' and a second rotation unit 30'. Wherein the plurality of light detectors 60 correspond to the plurality of laser emitters 21 of the emitting device; the receiving reflector 40 'has a receiving reflecting surface 41', the receiving reflecting surface 41 'being arranged parallel to the reflecting surface 41 of the reflector 40 of the transmitting device or symmetrically up and down with respect to the first mounting stage 110 of the transmitting device, the receiving reflecting surface 41' being adapted to reflect the return light received by the lidar onto the respective photodetector 60. A focusing unit 50 'is provided in the optical path between the above-mentioned plurality of photo detectors and 60 receiving reflectors 40', and the focusing unit 50 'is used to focus the return light reflected by the receiving reflectors 40' onto the corresponding photo detectors 60. The second rotating unit 30' includes a second rotating shaft 31', and the second rotating shaft 31' is connected to the receiving reflector 40' to rotate the receiving reflector 40' in synchronization with the reflector 40 of the emitting device.
In this embodiment, the receiving means and the transmitting means are stacked one above the other, and the receiving optical path system and the transmitting optical path system are disposed symmetrically up and down with respect to the first mounting stage 110. The fixing frame unit 10 further includes a third mounting table 130, the third mounting table 130 having a fourth mounting surface 131, the third mounting table 130 and the fourth mounting surface 131 thereof being vertically symmetrical with the second mounting table 120 and the second mounting surface 121, respectively, with respect to the first mounting table 110. The first mounting stage 110 also has a third mounting surface 112 opposite the fourth mounting surface 131. The plurality of light detectors of the receiving means are arranged on the fourth mounting surface and distributed around the extension line of the second rotation axis 31'. The second rotating unit 30 'shares a rotating device with the rotating unit 30 of the transmitting device, the second rotating shaft 31' and the rotating shaft 31 of the transmitting device are the same rotating shaft penetrating through the first mounting table 110, one end of the rotating shaft is located at one end of the transmitting device and connected with the reflector 40, the other end of the rotating shaft is located in the receiving device and connected with the receiving reflector 40', and the rotating unit drives the reflector 40 and the receiving reflector 40' to synchronously rotate through the rotating shaft, so that synchronous rotation of the two reflectors can be better ensured. And the structure of the transmitting and receiving different axes can completely avoid the mutual interference between the receiving and transmitting.
Of course, the receiving device may also adopt the same optical path system and structure as the transmitting device of any of the above embodiments 1 to 4, and simply stacked up and down with the transmitting device to constitute a lidar.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present application, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A lidar transmission device, comprising:
A laser generating unit including a plurality of laser emitters;
a rotation unit including a rotation shaft; the plurality of laser transmitters are distributed around the rotation shaft or the extension line of the rotation shaft, and the arrangement density of the plurality of laser transmitters is inconsistent;
A reflector having a reflecting surface, the reflector being connected to the rotating shaft; the reflecting surface and the rotating shaft have an inclined included angle, and the reflecting surface is used for changing the propagation direction of laser emitted by the laser emitter; the collimating unit is arranged on a light path between the laser generating unit and the reflector, and is used for collimating laser emitted by the laser emitters, deflecting the laser beams emitted by the plurality of laser emitters towards the direction of the rotating shaft respectively, and enabling the laser beams to be incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector from the periphery of the rotating shaft or the extending line of the rotating shaft in a direction inclined towards the rotating shaft;
the laser radar device comprises a reflector, a plurality of laser transmitters, a collimating unit, a rotating shaft, a laser radar transmitting device and a laser radar transmitting device, wherein the laser transmitters are used for transmitting a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams are transmitted by the laser transmitters and are respectively collimated and deflected by the collimating unit and then are incident on the reflecting surface of the reflector, and the rotating shaft drives the reflector to rotate, so that the laser beams incident on the reflecting surface are reflected to different directions, and the laser beams are respectively emitted to different directions.
2. The lidar transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: the collimating unit is a reflecting collimating lens system or a collimating lens and reflecting mirror combined system.
3. The lidar transmission device according to claim 2, wherein: the reflecting collimating mirror system comprises a plurality of aspheric mirrors, and laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the aspheric mirrors for a plurality of times.
4. A lidar transmission device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the reflecting surface of the reflector faces the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located; the reflective collimator lens system includes three aspherical mirrors.
5. The lidar transmission device according to claim 4, wherein: the three aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, a second annular arc surface surrounding the rotation axis, and a third aspherical reflecting surface opposing the reflector; each laser emitter of the laser generating unit is arranged around the third aspheric reflecting surface; laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the first annular cambered surface, the second annular cambered surface and the third aspheric reflecting surface in sequence.
6. A lidar transmission device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the reflecting surface of the reflector faces away from the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located; the reflective collimator lens system comprises two aspherical mirrors.
7. The lidar transmission device according to claim 6, wherein: the two aspherical mirrors respectively include: a first annular arc surface surrounding the laser generating unit, and a second aspherical reflecting surface opposite to the reflector; laser emitted by the laser emitter is collimated and incident to the reflecting surface of the reflector after being reflected by the first annular cambered surface and the second aspheric reflecting surface in sequence.
8. The lidar transmission device according to claim 7, wherein: the second aspheric surface reflecting surface is a second annular cambered surface or a complete cambered surface.
9. The lidar transmission device according to claim 2, wherein:
The collimating unit is a collimating lens and reflecting mirror combined system; the collimating unit comprises a collimating lens and at least one reflecting mirror;
The reflecting surface of the reflector faces away from the laser generating unit and is inclined to the plane where the laser generating unit is located;
the laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the reflector and then enters the collimating lens, and the laser is collimated by the collimating lens and then enters the reflecting surface of the reflector.
10. The lidar transmission device according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the plurality of laser transmitters are arranged along a circumference; the angles of inclination of the laser beams emitted by the plurality of laser emitters to the rotating shaft after being deflected by the collimation unit are equal.
11. A lidar comprising a transmitting device and a receiving device, characterized in that: the laser radar transmitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 10; the receiving device comprises a plurality of light detectors, and return light received by the laser radar is reflected to the collimating unit by the reflecting surface of the reflector, and is incident on the corresponding light detectors after passing through the collimating unit.
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