CN111200192A - Orthogonal antenna array and composite antenna array formed by novel monopole antennas - Google Patents
Orthogonal antenna array and composite antenna array formed by novel monopole antennas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111200192A CN111200192A CN201811380949.3A CN201811380949A CN111200192A CN 111200192 A CN111200192 A CN 111200192A CN 201811380949 A CN201811380949 A CN 201811380949A CN 111200192 A CN111200192 A CN 111200192A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
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Abstract
The invention provides an orthogonal antenna array and a composite antenna array which are composed of novel monopole antennas, wherein the array elements of the orthogonal antenna array are monopole antennas in an open rectangular cavity, the polarization direction of the monopole antennas in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the antenna array, and the orthogonal binary antenna array can be used as a unit antenna to form various antenna arrays, namely the composite antenna array. The monopole antenna in the opening rectangular cavity comprises an opening rectangular cavity and a monopole antenna, the opening rectangular cavity is composed of a section of rectangular waveguide and a metal plate, and the monopole antenna is fixedly arranged in the rectangular waveguide cavity. The novel monopole antenna is adopted to form a dense orthogonal antenna array, so that the antenna gain is obviously improved under the same volume condition, and the problem of poor antenna directivity characteristic caused by mutual coupling of antenna units is avoided; the quadrature binary antenna array provides a high gain antenna element, simplifies the feed system of the composite antenna array and reduces the power loss caused by the feed system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronics, and relates to a high-gain antenna and an array antenna which are formed by monopole antennas in an open rectangular cavity.
Background
Dipole antennas, in particular half-wave dipole antennas, are a very widely used class of antennas, in particular as element antennas in array antennas. Monopole antennas (quarter wavelength) evolved from dipole antennas, with dimensions half smaller than half-wave elements and directivity factors 3dB higher than half-wave element antennas. The induced current of the ground surface in the monopole antenna plays a role in radiation, so that the directivity coefficient of the antenna is improved on one hand, and the influence of the outside on the monopole antenna is shielded on the other hand.
In order to increase the antenna gain, the unit antennas are often combined into an array antenna, and the more the antenna elements, the higher the antenna array gain. Mutual coupling between antenna elements is generally present, which affects the input impedance (mutual impedance), directivity factor, radiation pattern of the antenna and beam scanning of the phased array, which in turn affects the antenna layout. In antenna array design, designers always overcome mutual coupling between antenna elements as much as possible, so that the characteristics of the antenna elements (in the antenna array) approach the characteristics of antennas in free space, and thus, the gain of the antenna array is effectively improved.
Monopole antennas have the advantages of small size and good directivity, and have been applied to array antenna designs as unit antennas. But due to mutual coupling between existing monopole antennas, the monopole antenna element spacing in an array antenna is typically greater than or equal to one-half wavelength. If the existing monopole antenna is improved to obtain the unit antenna with smaller mutual coupling, the antenna gain can be further improved in a dense array arrangement mode, and an antenna array with more optimized electrical performance is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an orthogonal antenna array and a composite antenna array which are composed of novel monopole antennas, and the orthogonal antenna array and the composite antenna array can be widely applied to the technical fields of array antennas, phased arrays, anti-stealth radars, beyond-the-horizon radars and the like.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an orthogonal antenna array consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein the array elements of the orthogonal antenna array are monopole antennas in an open rectangular cavity, and the polarization direction of the monopole antennas in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the antenna array; the monopole antenna in the opening rectangular cavity comprises an opening rectangular cavity and a monopole antenna, the opening rectangular cavity is composed of a section of rectangular waveguide and a metal plate, one end of the rectangular waveguide is sealed by the metal plate, the monopole antenna is fixedly installed in the rectangular waveguide cavity, the installation point of the monopole antenna is located in the central area of a waveguide wall where the wide side of the cross section of the rectangular waveguide is located, and the monopole antenna is parallel to the cross section of the rectangular waveguide and is perpendicular to the waveguide wall where the wide side of the cross section is located.
Furthermore, the array element number N of the orthogonal antenna array is more than or equal to 2, and the space between adjacent array elements is smaller than 0.62 lambda by adopting a dense array arrangement mode.
Preferably, the length of the rectangular waveguide is lambda/2, the length a of the wide side of the section is lambda/2, the length b of the narrow side of the section is not more than lambda/2, and the radiation surface ab of the antenna is not more than 0.25 lambda2。
Preferably, the monopole antenna is a dielectric substrate-based capacitively-loaded folded monopole antenna.
Preferably, the height of the dielectric substrate-based loaded capacitively folded monopole antenna is lambda/4.
Further, the orthogonal antenna array having the array element number N equal to 2, i.e., the orthogonal binary antenna array, can be configured as a unit antenna into various antenna arrays, i.e., a composite antenna array.
The invention has the advantages that the monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity is adopted to form the dense orthogonal antenna array, the antenna gain is obviously improved under the condition of the same volume, and the problem of poor antenna directivity characteristic caused by mutual coupling of the antenna units is avoided; the quadrature binary antenna array provides a high gain antenna element, simplifies the feed system of the composite antenna array and reduces the power loss caused by the feed system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a quadrature antenna array of the present invention comprised of novel monopole antennas;
FIG. 2 is a 3D directional diagram of an orthogonal binary array of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a relationship between directivity coefficients and array element spacing for an orthogonal binary array according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of the novel monopole antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an orthogonal antenna array composed of novel monopole antennas, and the monopole antenna 1 in an open rectangular cavity is used as an array element (unit antenna), and the number of the array elements is N (N is more than or equal to 2). The array elements are arranged on a straight line at equal intervals to form a linear array. The polarization direction of the monopole antenna 1 in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the antenna array. Because the radiation direction is perpendicular to the axis of the antenna array, the orthogonal antenna array is a side-firing antenna array. Due to the small mutual coupling between monopole antenna array elements in the open rectangular cavity, the orthogonal antenna array adopts a dense array arrangement mode, and the distance between the adjacent array elements is less than 0.62 lambda. The monopole antenna 1 in the open rectangular cavity has the excellent characteristics of small size, high gain, small side lobe and the like, and the densely-arranged orthogonal antenna array can obtain high gain and large directivity coefficient under the condition of smaller antenna size, and the directivity coefficient of the orthogonal antenna array is about DOrthogonal array＝10logN+DUnit antenna(dB)。
Fig. 2 shows a 3D directional diagram of a binary array composed of monopole antennas 1 in 2 open rectangular cavities as array elements under far field conditions obtained by computer simulation, and the operating frequency of the binary array is 2 GHz. The width of the antenna unit is equal to 0.5 lambda, the distance between adjacent array elements is less than 0.62 lambda, and the one-dimensional scale of the binary array is less than 1.12 lambda. Namely the orthogonal binary antenna array, the directivity factor of the orthogonal binary antenna array can be larger than 8.8dB within the electric size range smaller than 1.12 lambda; the relative field intensity of the radiation field is maximum in the Z-axis direction, and the directivity coefficient is 9.67 dB; the pattern main lobe level and the θ 90 ° directional pattern level differ by about 20 dB.
Fig. 3 provides the relationship between the directivity factor of the orthogonal binary array and the array element spacing obtained by computer simulation. Under the condition of 2GHz working frequency, the wavelength lambda of the electromagnetic wave is 149.9 mm. The spacing of the simulated array elements is 8-72 mm, namely 0.05-0.48 lambda. When the array element spacing is 64mm, namely 0.43 lambda, the maximum achievable directivity coefficient of the orthogonal binary array is 9.67 dB.
The orthogonal binary array can be used as a high-gain unit antenna to form various antenna arrays, including various linear arrays (linear arrays arranged at equal and unequal intervals, circular arrays arranged on the circumference) and area arrays (planar arrays and spherical arrays).
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a monopole antenna within an open rectangular cavity. The monopole antenna in the open rectangular cavity consists of two parts, namely the open rectangular cavity and the quarter-wave folded monopole antenna 4. The open rectangular cavity is a section of half-wavelength rectangular waveguide 2, one end of which is sealed by a metal plate 3 to form a short circuit surface, and the other end of which is an open rectangular waveguide as a radiation surface of the antenna. The length of the wide side of the section of the rectangular waveguide 2 is half wavelength; the length of the narrow side of the cross section is more than a quarter wavelength and less than a half wavelength (the length of the narrow side is 0.44 lambda in the given example), and the radiation surface ab of the antenna is less than or equal to 0.25 lambda2The rectangular waveguide cavity length is a half wavelength.
The monopole antenna 4 is arranged inside the rectangular waveguide, is parallel to the section of the rectangular waveguide 2 and is vertical to the waveguide wall where the wide side of the section is located. The specific installation position is in the center of the waveguide wall where the cross-section broadside is located, and can be located in the center point and the surrounding area of the waveguide wall where the broadside is located. The monopole antenna 4 has the same distance to the short-circuit surface of the open rectangular waveguide cavity and the antenna aperture surface, which is a quarter wavelength, and the distance to the two narrow sides of the waveguide section is approximately equal.
The monopole antenna 4 is a folded monopole loaded with a capacitor and is manufactured on a dielectric substrate, and the loaded capacitor can be used for adjusting the resonant frequency and S of the antenna11And (4) parameters. The monopole antenna 4 excites a rectangular waveguide main mode, namely TE, in the rectangular waveguide 210Mode(s). One end of the folded monopole antenna 4 is fed by a coaxial line or a microstrip line, and the other end is directly grounded.
Claims (6)
1. A quadrature antenna array composed of novel monopole antennas is characterized in that: the array element of the orthogonal antenna array is a monopole antenna (1) in an open rectangular cavity, and the polarization direction of the monopole antenna (1) in the open rectangular cavity is vertical to the axis of the antenna array; monopole antenna (1) in the opening rectangular cavity includes opening rectangular cavity and monopole antenna (4), opening rectangular cavity comprises one section rectangular waveguide (2) and metal sheet (3), the one end quilt of rectangular waveguide (2) metal sheet (3) seal, monopole antenna (4) installation is fixed in rectangular waveguide (2) intracavity, the mounting point of monopole antenna (4) is located the central zone of the waveguide wall at rectangular waveguide (2) cross-section broadside place, monopole antenna (4) are on a parallel with the cross-section of rectangular waveguide (2), the waveguide wall at perpendicular to cross-section broadside place.
2. The quadrature antenna array of claim 1 consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein: the array element number N of the orthogonal antenna array is more than or equal to 2, and the spacing between adjacent array elements is smaller than 0.62 lambda by adopting a dense array arrangement mode.
3. The quadrature antenna array of claim 1 consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein: the length of the rectangular waveguide (2) is lambda/2, the length a of the wide side of the section is lambda/2, the length b of the narrow side of the section is not more than lambda/2, and the radiation surface ab of the antenna is not more than 0.25 lambda2。
4. The quadrature antenna array of claim 1 consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein: the monopole antenna (4) is a capacitance-loaded folded monopole antenna based on a dielectric substrate.
5. The quadrature antenna array of claim 4 consisting of novel monopole antennas, wherein: the height of the dielectric substrate-based loaded capacitive folded monopole antenna is lambda/4.
6. The composite antenna array formed by the orthogonal antenna array formed by the novel monopole antenna according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the orthogonal antenna array with the array element number N equal to 2, namely the orthogonal binary antenna array can be used as a unit antenna to form various antenna arrays, namely a composite antenna array.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811380949.3A CN111200192A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Orthogonal antenna array and composite antenna array formed by novel monopole antennas |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811380949.3A CN111200192A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Orthogonal antenna array and composite antenna array formed by novel monopole antennas |
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| CN111200192A true CN111200192A (en) | 2020-05-26 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4101900A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1978-07-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Modified t-bar fed slot antenna |
| US20130050036A1 (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Ippei Kashiwagi | Antenna device and electronic apparatus including antenna device |
| CN203039112U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Square short backfire antenna |
| US20150091766A1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Blackberry Limited | Broadband capacitively-loaded tunable antenna |
| CN108448218A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-24 | 李澍 | The coaxial conversion equipment of full bandwidth rectangular waveguide |
-
2018
- 2018-11-20 CN CN201811380949.3A patent/CN111200192A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4101900A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1978-07-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Modified t-bar fed slot antenna |
| US20130050036A1 (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Ippei Kashiwagi | Antenna device and electronic apparatus including antenna device |
| CN203039112U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Square short backfire antenna |
| US20150091766A1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Blackberry Limited | Broadband capacitively-loaded tunable antenna |
| CN108448218A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-24 | 李澍 | The coaxial conversion equipment of full bandwidth rectangular waveguide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ERIC MERKLEY ET AL: ""A Compact Cavity-Backed Monopole Antenna For UWB Applications"", 《2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNCURSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING》 * |
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