CN111149802B - 一种柑橘树控梢组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种柑橘树控梢组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149802B CN111149802B CN202010067930.4A CN202010067930A CN111149802B CN 111149802 B CN111149802 B CN 111149802B CN 202010067930 A CN202010067930 A CN 202010067930A CN 111149802 B CN111149802 B CN 111149802B
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- oxyfluorfen
- prohexadione calcium
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- citrus
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙的用于柑橘树控梢的增效组合物，其有效成分为乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙二元复配。所述的乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙在组合物中的质量比为1∶50～50∶1，制剂中有效成分乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙的质量百分含量为1％～80％。本发明组合物具有显著的增效作用，对柑橘嫩梢的杀梢率明显高于单剂，可以有效控制柑橘树夏梢及秋梢的生长，达到控梢、保花、保果，减少柑橘木虱种群数量的目的，是一种省工、省时、经济有效的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种含有乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙的柑橘树控梢增效组合物，用于控制柑橘树夏梢及秋梢的生长，以达到控梢、保花和保果，减少柑橘木虱种群数量的目的。
背景技术
柑橘树嫩梢抽发速度快，在水肥充足、当地气温适宜的条件下从新梢萌发到老熟仅需要两周左右。当处于生理落果期，夏梢疯长会过度耗费树体养分，造成落果，连累树势，乃至影响来年挂果量。而且，柑橘木虱、白粉虱、蚜虫、潜叶蛾、斜纹夜蛾等害虫偏好在嫩梢上产卵并为害嫩梢，嫩梢旺长会造成虫害爆发。柑橘木虱是柑橘黄龙病的传播媒介，是柑橘生产中重点防控的害虫之一。研究发现，柑橘木虱在柑橘树萌芽3mm长即开始产卵，5-10mm的嫩芽产卵量达30-50个，孵化后若虫定点危害嫩梢。应用高效的控梢剂杀灭短梢，可大量减少木虱虫源，进而减少黄龙病的发生。
柑橘生产中，每年需要投入大量的人力物力控制夏梢和迟秋梢的生长，主要的控梢方式有人工抹梢和药剂控梢两种。目前生产上应用的控梢药剂主要包括两大类：一类是以2，4-D、多效唑、烯效唑、抑芽敏为主的生长延缓剂，该类控梢剂多属内吸性植物生长调剂，存在浓度效应；另一类是以草甘膦、乙氧氟草醚等除草剂为主的杀梢素，通过直接杀死嫩梢的方法进行控梢。目前，大多数控梢剂运用不当会对幼果及老熟枝叶产生药害，且药剂残留严重，比如草甘膦易伤害叶片造成“蕹菜叶”；2，4-D抑制光合作用，长期使用会导致果实含糖量低不耐储存；多效唑浓度过高易造成嫩叶镰刀状弯曲，产生“石头果”。
乙氧氟草醚属含氟二苯醚类，是一种超低用量的选择性、芽前芽后触杀型除草剂，适用于防除阔叶杂草及某些禾本科杂草，用于柑橘树可起到杀梢效果。作为除草剂在有光的情况下发挥其除草活性，主要通过胚芽鞘、中胚轴吸收药剂致死，作为果树控梢剂，是通过破坏细胞膜的透性，促进乙烯合成，使细胞生理功能紊乱，衰老加速，目前应用于果树控梢的研究很少。具有价格低廉，微量高效，作用迅速的优点。
调环酸钙属环己三酮类植物生长调节剂，化学名称为3，5-二氧代-4-丙酰基环己烷羧酸钙，主要用于控制禾谷类作物的旺长，如用作水稻抗倒伏剂，还可以用作果树控梢剂。调环酸钙可以通过植物种子、根系和叶面吸收选择性地抑制赤霉素GA1合成，缩短许多植物的茎杆伸长，促进植物发育和侧芽生长，有效控制植株旺长，有助于提高产量和果实品质。调环酸钙具有安全、环保、低残留等特点，因而有望取代三唑类生长延缓剂。国内近几年有资料报道，调环酸钙应用在花生、水稻等作物上用于提高抗倒伏能力，防止早衰，增加产量；作为控梢剂应用于葡萄生产中，可缩短节间长度，抑制新梢旺长。
乙氧氟草醚作用迅速，可对柑橘树嫩梢起到迅速杀梢的作用，但是其持效性差，对芽原基作用效果很弱，5天左右就会有新梢发出。而调环酸钙持效期长，对下一茬新梢的抑制作用较强，但是其用药量大。因此，二者复配可以大大提高杀梢的速效性和持效性，提高杀梢效果，减少农药用量，促进柑橘树保花保果，减少人工抹梢的人力投入。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含有乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙的用于柑橘树控梢的增效组合物。该组合物对柑橘树的控梢效果优于2种单剂，速效性好、持效期长，可以实现柑橘树的控梢、保花、保果，减少柑橘木虱种群数量。
本发明具体技术方案如下：
一种含有乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙的柑橘树控梢组合物，该组合物中有效成分乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙的质量比为1∶50～50∶1，经实验验证，乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙的质量比在1∶20～1∶1时，增效效果更佳。
如上所述的柑橘树控梢增效组合物可以配制的农药剂型为水分散粒剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、乳油、微乳剂或水乳剂。
本发明所述控梢增效组合物配制成的农药剂型的具体实施方案如下，但本发明决不限于下述实施例。
所述的组合物为水分散粒剂，组分的质量分数为：乙氧氟草醚1-50份，调环酸钙1-50份，分散剂3-10份；润湿剂1-10份；崩解剂1-5份；填料余量。该水分散粒剂的具体生产步骤为：按上述配方将有效成分乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙以及分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料混合均匀，通过超微气流粉碎机粉碎，粉碎后与定量的水(事先将粘结剂溶于水中)混合，同时进入捏合机捏合，制成可塑性的物料，最后将物料送入挤压造粒机，进行造粒，通过干燥、筛分得到本发明组合物的水分散粒剂。
所述的组合物为可湿性粉剂，组分的质量分数为：乙氧氟草醚1-50份，调环酸钙1-50份，分散剂3-10份；润湿剂1-5份；填料余量。该可湿性粉剂的具体生产步骤为：按上述配方将有效成分乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙以及分散剂、润湿剂和填料混合，在搅拌釜中均匀搅拌，通过气流粉碎机，调整工作压力及气流压力进行粉碎，即可得到本发明组合物的可湿性粉剂。
所述的组合物为悬浮剂，组分的质量分数为：乙氧氟草醚1-50份，调环酸钙1-50份，分散剂5-20份；防冻剂1-5份；增稠剂0.1-2份；消泡剂0.1-0.8份，促渗剂0-10份；pH值调节剂0.1-5份；水余量。该悬浮剂的具体生产步骤为先将其他助剂混合，经高速剪切混合均匀，加入有效成分乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙，在2000r/min的砂磨机中砂磨3h，使粒径均在5mm以下，即可制成本发明组合物的悬浮剂。
所述的增效农药组合物为乳油制剂，组分的质量分数为：乙氧氟草醚1-50份，调环酸钙1-50份，乳化剂10-30份；溶剂20-50份，常规增效剂1-5份。该乳油制剂的具体生产步骤为先将有效成分乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙加入溶剂中完全溶解后再加入乳化剂增效剂搅拌均匀成均一透明的油状液体，即可制成本发明组合物的乳油制剂。
所述的组合物为微乳剂，组分的质量分数为：乙氧氟草醚1-50份，调环酸钙1-50份，乳化剂10-30份，防冻剂1-8份，稳定剂0.5-10份，溶剂助溶剂20-50份。具体生产步骤为：将有效成分乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙用助溶剂完全溶解，再加入乳化剂、防冻剂、稳定剂等混合均匀，然后加入水相，充分搅拌后即可得到本发明组合物的微乳剂。
所述的组合物为水乳剂，组分的质量分数为：乙氧氟草醚1-50份，调环酸钙1-50份，乳化剂3-30份，溶剂和助溶剂5-15份，防冻剂1-5份，稳定剂2-15份，消泡剂0.1-8份，增稠剂0.2-2份，水余量。具体生产步骤为：首先将有效成分乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙、溶剂、乳化剂和助溶剂加在一起，溶解成均匀的油相；将部分水、抗冻剂等其他助剂混合在一起成均匀的水相，在反应釜中高速搅拌的同时将油相加入水相，开启剪切机高速剪切并加入剩余的水，搅拌约半小时，形成水包油型的水乳剂，即可得到本发明组合物的水乳剂。
其中以上所述的溶剂为：甲苯，二甲苯，生物柴油，柴油，甲醇，乙醇，正丁醇，异丙醇，松节油，二甲基甲酰胺，二甲基亚砜，水等溶剂中的一种或几种的混合物。
所述的乳化剂选自：农乳0204、农乳2201、农乳0201、OP-10、OP-20、农乳600、By-15、十二烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、聚氧乙烯烷基苯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、烷基苯磺酸钙、环氧乙烷-脂肪伯胺缩合物、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇苷酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、三苯乙烯基酚环氧乙烷化磷酸三乙醇胺盐、烷基二聚氧乙烯磺酸盐、苯乙烯酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钠、联苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的分散剂为：木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钙、萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物(NNO)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、烷基酚乙氧基化合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯基醚嵌段共聚物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基磷酸酯、CMC、二丁基萘磺酸钠、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、聚羧酸酯钠盐、多芳基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、聚乙烯醇、阿拉伯树胶、拉开粉BX(5、6-二丁基萘-2-磺酸钠)、油酸甲基氨基乙基磺酸钠等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的润湿剂为：十二烷基苯磺酸钠、农乳2000系列、Span20、吐温60、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基磺酸盐、拉开粉、十二烷基苯硫酸钠、优酸钾、琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠、烷基聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐、农乳100、农乳600、山梨醇聚氧乙烯醚、二异辛基丁二酸磺酸钠等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的崩解剂为：尿素、膨润土、柠檬酸、丁二酸、硫酸铵、氯化钠、钙和铝的氯化物等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的增稠剂选自：黄原胶、杂多糖、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯醇、明胶、琼脂、可溶性淀粉及其衍生物、聚丙烯酸酯、天然多糖、硅酸镁铝、、甲基纤维素、海藻酸、硅酸类等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的稳定剂为：烷基磷酸酯及其烷氧化物、聚乙烯醇、磷酸钾、膨润土、轻质碳酸钙、白炭黑、硅藻土、珍珠岩粉、芳基磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯类、多元醇、烷基磺酸酯及其取代铵盐、取代环氧化物等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的防冻剂为：乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、蔗糖、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化钙、氯化钠等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的消泡剂可以是：甘油的环氧乙烷化聚合物、硅酸类、C8-C10脂肪醇、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、磺酰胺等。
所述的填料为：高岭土、硅藻土、陶土、膨润土、蒙脱石、凹凸棒土、泥煤、白炭黑、淀粉、轻质碳酸钙中的一种或多种。
所述的黏结剂有：聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、大豆卵磷脂、明胶、环糊精、淀粉等，可以是一种或多种的混合物。
所述的防腐剂可以是：水杨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、甲醛、对羟基苯甲醛、1，2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮(BIT)中的一种或多种。
本发明以乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙为有效成分的柑橘树控梢组合物具有显著的协同增效作用，可以明显降低控梢剂的使用量，延长持效期，而且在使用安全性方面比单用时有很大的提高；可以有效控制柑橘树夏梢和秋梢的生长，达到控梢、保花、保果之目的，这是一种省工、省时、经济有效的途径。
具体实施方式
本发明用以下具体实施例进行说明，但本发明决不限于下述实施例。
实施例1：本发明增效组合物对柑橘树控梢效果
试验在江西省赣州市柑桔研究所试验基地进行。选取长势相近的3-5年纽荷尔脐橙树开展试验。每处理选取10株柑橘树喷药，每株选取东、南、西、北中五个方向的10根嫩梢栓绳标记并进行调查。试验设32个处理：(1)对照药剂5％调环酸钙泡腾粒剂：40，60，80，120，160，200，300，400，600，800，1200，1400，1600，1800mg L-1。(2)对照药剂240克/升乙氧氟草醚乳油：20，30，40，80，100mg L-1。(3)15％乙氧氟草醚·调环酸钙(1∶2)乳油：60，90，120mg L-1。(4)30％乙氧氟草醚·调环酸钙(1∶4)悬浮剂：60，90，120mg L-1。(5)22％乙氧氟草醚·调环酸钙(1∶10)微乳剂：220，330，440mg L-1。(6)：21％乙氧氟草醚·调环酸钙(1∶20)水分散粒剂：420，630，840mg L-1。(7)清水对照。按照各设计浓度稀释药液，用8L小型气压式园艺喷雾器自上而下均匀喷雾。于施药后1d，3d和7d记录嫩梢个数，按照下述公式计算药剂对嫩梢的杀梢率及校正杀梢率。
杀梢率％＝(施药前嫩梢数-施药后嫩梢数)/施药前嫩梢数×100
校正杀梢率％＝(处理区杀梢率-对照杀梢率)/(100-对照杀梢率)×100
采用Gowing法评价乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙对柑橘嫩梢的联合作用。
首先测定单剂及混剂的防效，再通过单剂的实测防效计算出混剂的理论防效，将其与混剂的实测防效相比来评价联合作用。
理论防效计算公式为：E0＝X+Y-XY/100
式中：
X：除草剂A用量为P时的防效；
Y：除草剂B用量为Q时的防效；
E0：除草剂A用量为P时的理论防效+除草剂B用量为Q时的理论防效；
E：除草剂A与除草剂B按上述比例混用后的实际防效。
E-E0＞10％为增效作用；E-E0＜-10％为拮抗作用；E-E0值介于±10％为加成作用。
结果表明：药后3天，乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙对柑橘树嫩梢的长度和直径表现出一定的抑制作用，抑制作用随着药剂浓度的升高而逐渐增强。乙氧氟草醚对柑橘嫩梢的抑制作用更强，使用浓度更低。而且，乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙组合物对柑橘树嫩梢长度和直径的抑制率显著高于同等剂量下单剂的抑制率。
从表1可以看出乙氧氟草醚杀梢的速效性好于调环酸钙，乙氧氟草醚的使用剂量远低于调环酸钙，乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙的杀梢效果均随着药剂浓度的升高而逐渐增强。而且，乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙组合物对柑橘树的杀梢效果显著优于对照单剂，根据Gowing法计算得到乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙复配后E-E0＞10％，表现出明显的协同增效作用。
表1不同药剂对柑橘树嫩梢的杀梢率
施用2000mg L-1以上浓度的调环酸钙时，调查发现会出现药剂在果实底部沉积，引起果实坑洼的药害现象。而乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙组合物的所有处理中均没有发现药害现象，表明乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙复配，在减少药剂用量的同时，可以提高对柑橘的安全性。
此外，调查发现喷施乙氧氟草醚和调环酸钙组合物后，随着柑橘嫩梢的枯萎，柑橘嫩梢上柑橘木虱的栖息率大大降低。
综上所述，本发明乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙增效组合物对柑橘树嫩梢表现出很好的杀梢效果，与单剂相比本发明组合物具有作用机理独特、单位用药量少、速效性好、持效期长的优点，所以本发明的研发及推广会产生重要的经济效益和社会效益，有大力推广应用的潜力。
Claims (4)
1.一种含有乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙的柑橘树控梢增效组合物，其特征在于，有效成分为乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙两元复配，乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙在组合物中的质量比为1: 2~1: 20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柑橘树控梢增效组合物，其特征在于乙氧氟草醚与调环酸钙在制剂中的总重量占整个制剂重量的1%~80%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的柑橘树控梢增效组合物，其特征在于：该组合物的剂型为水分散粒剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、乳油、微乳剂或水乳剂。
4.权利要求1~3任一项所述的增效组合物在柑橘树控梢中的应用。
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