CN110161460A - Focus accurate positioning method based on the networking of microseism space - Google Patents
Focus accurate positioning method based on the networking of microseism space Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
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Abstract
Focus accurate positioning method based on the networking of microseism space, comprising the following steps: paste multiple acoustic emission sensors on object under test surface with binder；Measuring targets, which apply external force, makes it generate acoustic emission signal, and faint acoustic emission signal is transferred to acoustic emission preamplifier by acoustic emission sensor；Signal is then transferred to sound emission oscillograph by coaxial cable by acoustic emission preamplifier；Internal memory is recorded in the document form of sound emission oscillograph；The operation of follow-up data resolver carries out processing analysis to the acoustic emission waveform data information of acquisition from the focus calibrating procedure write, and calculates focus coordinate (X, Y, Z), sound wave explosion time point T, sound wave relative energyA e With trueness error r.The present invention passes through the hypocentral location of the acoustie emission event of the continuous approaching to reality of the corresponding linear optimization of numerical analysis, and the precision of available acquired results.And the method is compiled as program, there is fabulous practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic emission testing, and particularly relates to a method for accurately positioning a seismic source based on micro-seismic space networking.
Background
The positioning method adopting the acoustic emission time difference is widely applied to the fields of aviation, oceans, structure detection, navigation, industrial processes, human or animal sound source positioning, mechanical detection, nuclear explosion, underground tunnels, mining, earthquakes and the like. This problem has been studied and discussed by many researchers, and many relevant positioning methods have been developed, and the iterative positioning method using time difference is one of the most widely used methods at present. Many methods usually treat wave velocity as a known number, and it is difficult to consider the influence of the time-and space-varying wave velocity on the positioning accuracy. In the detection of many types of acoustic emission sources or complex acoustic emission signals, if the characteristic signal of the acoustic emission is in a dispersion segment and the characteristic frequency is uncertain and frequently changed, the positioning calculation cannot be performed by adopting a predetermined speed. Under the precondition of assuming that the speeds are the same (or average speed is adopted), it is an option to derive the speed according to the theoretical formula of the signal frequency and the speed, but the method has not strong practicability because the corresponding relation of the measured frequency and the speed has large deviation with the theoretical formula.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for accurately positioning a seismic source based on microseismic space networking, which takes seismic source coordinates (X, Y and Z) and a sound wave explosion time point (T) as unknowns, continuously approaches the seismic source position of a real acoustic emission event through corresponding linear optimization of numerical analysis, and can acquire the precision of an obtained result.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the accurate positioning method of the seismic source based on the microseismic space networking comprises the following steps,
firstly, sticking a plurality of acoustic emission sensors to the surface of an object to be detected by using a bonding agent, and then sequentially communicating the acoustic emission sensors, an acoustic emission preamplifier, an acoustic emission oscilloscope and a subsequent data analyzer by using a coaxial cable;
secondly, applying external force to the object to be detected to enable the object to be detected to generate an acoustic emission signal, receiving the acoustic emission signal by an acoustic emission sensor, and transmitting a weak acoustic emission signal to an acoustic emission preamplifier through a coaxial cable;
thirdly, the acoustic emission preamplifier amplifies weak acoustic emission signals detected from the acoustic emission sensor, meanwhile, unnecessary signals are filtered out, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and then the signals are transmitted to the acoustic emission oscilloscope through a coaxial cable;
step four, the acoustic emission oscilloscope obtains an ideal stable waveform by adjusting the signal triggering condition according to the on-site environmental noise and other influencing factors; recording the acoustic emission signals to a built-in memory in a file form of A @ -. wdt;
converting A @ -. wdt files transmitted by the acoustic emission oscilloscope into A @ -. csv by a subsequent data analyzer to obtain acoustic emission waveform data, wherein the acoustic emission waveform data comprises signal initial motion time and signal amplitude; then, a self-writing seismic source calibration program is operated to process and analyze the obtained acoustic emission waveform data information, and the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the seismic source, the acoustic wave explosion time point T and the relative energy of the acoustic wave are calculatedA eAnd a precision error r.
The method is characterized in that: the self-writing seismic source calibration program in the step five comprises the following operation processes:
(1) in the self-writing seismic source calibration program, respectively inputting: a file read and input path; shape information of the object to be measured; dimension calibration: 2-or 3-dimensional; the number and coordinates of acoustic emission sensors;
(2) knocking different positions of the object to be detected, inputting coordinates of the knocking positions into a seismic source calibration program, and analyzing and calculating the average propagation speed of the P wave in the object to be detected through a subsequent data analyzer；
(3) Suppose () As source coordinates: (X、Y、Z) The approximate value of (1) is to divide the object to be measured into N blocks with equal volume; the first time, N =8, the i-th block coordinate is assumed to be () Assuming that there are K acoustic emission sensors, the jth acoustic emission sensor coordinate is (X j、Y j、Z j) The time point of receiving the signal isThen, thenFor the acoustic wave explosion time point deduced from the jth acoustic emission sensor of the ith block:
（1）
average sound wave explosion time point T deduced from all acoustic emission sensorsiExpressed by equation (2); then, equation (3) is to assume that the sound wave occurs at the ith block, the standard deviation Si of the sound wave explosion time point of the ith block,
（2）
（3）
when Si takes the minimum value, the sound emission source is in the ith block; whether the calculation precision reaches the standard or not, and if the calculation precision reaches the standard, the coordinate of the ith block () Is that (a)) An initial value of (1); if the precision does not meet the requirement, the ith block is continuously divided into N blocks with equal volumes, and the calculation process is repeated until the precision requirement is met;
（4）is thatAn approximation of (d);respectively represent their difference;
=（4）
(5) order to
Then(5)
(6) Suppose thatIs composed ofAnd processed using the least squares method, as shown below; residual errorThe following can be written:
(6)
(7)
the minimum residual sum of squares S needs to satisfy the following condition:
(8)
the sum of squared residuals S of equation (8) can be expressed as the inner product:
(9)
then by solving equation (6), the following equation is obtained:
(10)
substituting equation (10) into equation (6) and expressing as a determinant, then:
（11）
the differential can be found by solving equation (11) and is recorded as(ii) a At the same time, the coordinates of the seismic source can be calculated) And a harmonic wave explosion time point T; calculated accurate valueIs an approximation of the iterative calculation;
(7) acoustic emission source energyA 0 The range of (d) can be obtained from the maximum amplitude of the acoustic emission waveform:
(12)
Ljdistance between acoustic emission source and jth acoustic emission sensor
K number of acoustic emission sensors
Aj: maximum amplitude of waveform obtained from jth acoustic emission sensor
Acoustic emission seismic source energy is calculated using equation (12), relative energyA eGiven by equation (13):
(13)
(8) calculation in step (6)Is accurate value ofTheir standard deviations are respectively expressed asTheir measured values can be expressed as weights(ii) a The relationship of weight to standard deviation is given by equation (14):
(14)
precise valueCan be represented by the following two errors: standard deviation σ, precision error r; the standard deviation σ can be calculated by processing the standard deviation in the equation (14)To obtain; the precision error is calculated using the least squares method, the precision error (r)>0) The relationship with the standard deviation σ is given by the following expression:
ｒ＝0.6745σ (15)
standard deviation of the meanIs expressed as an average value of
(16)
Wherein,ｖis the residual v of the measured and calculated values in equation (6)i(ii) a The denominator is the degree of freedom;
x, Y, Z, T has an accuracy error ofAs follows:
(17)。
by adopting the technical scheme, compared with the conventional technology, the invention has the following characteristics and advantages:
1. the acoustic emission sensor is used for receiving acoustic emission signals generated by the internal of the sample material due to the occurrence of fracture;
2. the acoustic emission preamplifier has the function of amplifying weak acoustic emission signals detected from the sensor, and filtering out unnecessary signals, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and then the signals are transmitted to the acoustic emission oscilloscope through the coaxial cable;
3. the built-in memory of the acoustic emission oscilloscope can obtain (A @ -. wdt) files for recording acoustic emission signals. According to the influence factors such as environmental noise of each test and the like, an ideal stable waveform can be obtained by adjusting the signal triggering condition;
4. the subsequent data analyzer can convert (A @ -. wdt) files transmitted by the acoustic emission oscilloscope into (A @ -. csv), acoustic emission waveform data obtained from the oscilloscope, including signal initial motion time, signal amplitude and the like, then run a self-writing seismic source calibration program (locationTime point T, relative energy of sound waveA eAnd a precision error r.
In summary, the invention provides a method for accurately positioning a seismic source based on microseismic spatial networking, which takes seismic source coordinates (X, Y, Z) and a sound wave explosion time point (T) as unknowns, continuously approaches the seismic source position of a real acoustic emission event through corresponding linear optimization of numerical analysis, and can acquire the precision of the obtained result. And the method is edited into a program, so that the method has extremely high practical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for accurately positioning seismic sources based on microseismic spatial networking of the present invention comprises the following steps,
firstly, sticking a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 2 to the surface of an object 1 to be detected by using a bonding agent, and then sequentially communicating the acoustic emission sensors 2, an acoustic emission preamplifier 3, an acoustic emission oscilloscope 4 and a subsequent data analyzer 5 by using coaxial cables;
secondly, applying external force to the object 1 to be detected to enable the object to be detected to generate an acoustic emission signal, receiving the acoustic emission signal by the acoustic emission sensor 2, and then transmitting the weak acoustic emission signal to the acoustic emission preamplifier 3 through the coaxial cable;
thirdly, the acoustic emission preamplifier 3 amplifies the weak acoustic emission signals detected from the acoustic emission sensor 2, filters out the unnecessary signals, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and transmits the signals to the acoustic emission oscilloscope 4 through the coaxial cable;
step four, the acoustic emission oscilloscope 4 obtains an ideal stable waveform by adjusting the signal triggering condition according to the on-site environmental noise and other influencing factors; recording the acoustic emission signals to a built-in memory in a file form of A @ -. wdt;
step five, converting A @ -. wdt files transmitted by the acoustic emission oscilloscope 4 into A @ -. csv by the subsequent data analyzer 5 to obtain acoustic emission waveform data, wherein the acoustic emission waveform data comprises signal initial motion time and signal amplitude; then, a self-writing seismic source calibration program is operated to process and analyze the obtained acoustic emission waveform data information, and the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the seismic source, the acoustic wave explosion time point T and the relative energy of the acoustic wave are calculatedA eAnd a precision error r.
The method is characterized in that: the self-writing seismic source calibration program in the step five comprises the following operation processes:
(1) in the self-writing seismic source calibration program, respectively inputting: a file read and input path; shape information of the object 1 to be measured; dimension calibration: 2-or 3-dimensional; the number and coordinates of the acoustic emission sensors 2;
(2) knocking different positions of the object 1 to be detected, inputting coordinates of the knocking positions into a seismic source calibration program, and analyzing and calculating the average propagation speed of the P wave in the object 1 to be detected through a subsequent data analyzer 5；
(3) Suppose () As source coordinates: (X、Y、Z) The approximate value of (1) is to divide the object to be measured 1 into N blocks with equal volumes; the first time, N =8, the i-th block coordinate is assumed to be () Assuming that there are K acoustic emission sensors 2, the jth acoustic emission sensor 2 has the coordinate of: (X j、Y j、Z j) The time point of receiving the signal isThen, thenFor the acoustic wave explosion time point deduced with the ith block jth acoustic emission sensor 2:
（1）
the mean acoustic wave burst time T calculated from all acoustic emission sensors 2iExpressed by equation (2); then, equation (3) is to assume that the sound wave occurs at the ith block, the standard deviation Si of the sound wave explosion time point of the ith block,
（2）
（3）
when Si takes the minimum value, the sound emission source is in the ith block; whether the calculation precision reaches the standard or not, and if the calculation precision reaches the standard, the coordinate of the ith block () Is that (a)) An initial value of (1); if the precision does not meet the requirement, the ith block is continuously divided into N blocks with equal volumes, and the calculation process is repeated until the precision requirement is met;
（4）is thatAn approximation of (d);respectively represent their difference;
=（4）
(5) order to
Then(5)
(6) Suppose thatIs composed ofAnd processed using the least squares method, as shown below; residual errorThe following can be written:
(6)
(7)
the minimum residual sum of squares S needs to satisfy the following condition:
(8)
the sum of squared residuals S of equation (8) can be expressed as the inner product:
(9)
then by solving equation (6), the following equation is obtained:
(10)
substituting equation (10) into equation (6) and expressing as a determinant, then:
（11）
the differential can be found by solving equation (11) and is recorded as(ii) a At the same time, the coordinates of the seismic source can be calculated) And a harmonic wave explosion time point T; calculated accurate valueIs an approximation of the iterative calculation;
(7) acoustic emission source energyA 0 The range of (d) can be obtained from the maximum amplitude of the acoustic emission waveform:
(12)
Ljdistance between acoustic emission source and jth acoustic emission sensor 2
K number of Acoustic emission Sensors 2
Aj: maximum amplitude of waveform obtained from jth acoustic emission sensor 2
Acoustic emission seismic source energy is calculated using equation (12), relative energyA eGiven by equation (13):
(13)
(8) calculation in step (6)Is accurate value ofTheir standard deviations are respectively expressed asTheir measured values can be expressed as weights(ii) a The relationship of weight to standard deviation is given by equation (14):
(14)
the accuracy of the precise value can be represented by the following two errors: standard deviationDifference σ, precision error r; accuracy can be determined by processing the standard deviation in the (14) equationTo obtain; the precision error is calculated using the least squares method, the precision error (r)>0) The relationship with the standard deviation σ is given by the following expression:
ｒ＝0.6745σ (15)
standard deviation of the meanIs expressed as an average value of
(16)
Wherein,ｖis the residual v of the measured and calculated values in equation (6)i(ii) a The denominator is the degree of freedom;
x, Y, Z, T has an accuracy error ofAs follows:
(17)。
the present embodiment is not intended to limit the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The accurate positioning method of the seismic source based on the micro-seismic space networking is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
firstly, sticking a plurality of acoustic emission sensors to the surface of an object to be detected by using a bonding agent, and then sequentially communicating the acoustic emission sensors, an acoustic emission preamplifier, an acoustic emission oscilloscope and a subsequent data analyzer by using a coaxial cable;
secondly, applying external force to the object to be detected to enable the object to be detected to generate an acoustic emission signal, receiving the acoustic emission signal by an acoustic emission sensor, and transmitting a weak acoustic emission signal to an acoustic emission preamplifier through a coaxial cable;
thirdly, the acoustic emission preamplifier amplifies weak acoustic emission signals detected from the acoustic emission sensor, meanwhile, unnecessary signals are filtered out, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and then the signals are transmitted to the acoustic emission oscilloscope through a coaxial cable;
step four, the acoustic emission oscilloscope obtains an ideal stable waveform by adjusting the signal triggering condition according to the on-site environmental noise and other influencing factors; recording the acoustic emission signals to a built-in memory in a file form of A @ -. wdt;
converting A @ -. wdt files transmitted by the acoustic emission oscilloscope into A @ -. csv by a subsequent data analyzer to obtain acoustic emission waveform data, wherein the acoustic emission waveform data comprises signal initial motion time and signal amplitude; then, a self-writing seismic source calibration program is operated to process and analyze the obtained acoustic emission waveform data information, and the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the seismic source, the acoustic wave explosion time point T and the relative energy of the acoustic wave are calculatedA e And a precision error r.
2. The method for accurately positioning the seismic source based on the microseismic spatial networking of claim 1 wherein: the self-writing seismic source calibration program in the step five comprises the following operation processes:
(1) in the self-writing seismic source calibration program, respectively inputting: a file read and input path; shape information of the object to be measured; dimension calibration: 2-or 3-dimensional; the number and coordinates of acoustic emission sensors;
(2) knocking different positions of the object to be detected, inputting coordinates of the knocking positions into a seismic source calibration program, and analyzing and calculating the average propagation speed of the P wave in the object to be detected through a subsequent data analyzer；
(3) Suppose () As source coordinates: (X、Y、Z) The approximate value of (1) is to divide the object to be measured into N blocks with equal volume, the first time is to take N =8, and the coordinate of the ith block is assumed to be () (ii) a If K acoustic emission sensors are provided, the jth acoustic emission sensor has the coordinate of (X j、Y j、Z j) The time point of receiving the signal isThenFor the acoustic wave explosion time point deduced from the jth acoustic emission sensor of the ith block:
（1）
average sound wave explosion time point T deduced from all acoustic emission sensorsiExpressed by equation (2); then, equation (3) is to assume that the sound wave occurs at the ith block, the standard deviation Si of the sound wave explosion time point of the ith block,
（2）
（3）
when Si takes the minimum value, the sound emission source is in the ith block; whether the calculation precision reaches the standard or not, and if the calculation precision reaches the standard, the coordinate of the ith block () Is that (a)) An initial value of (1); if the precision does not meet the requirement, the ith block is continuously divided into N blocks with equal volumes, and the calculation process is repeated until the precision requirement is met;
（4）is thatAn approximation of (d);respectively represent their difference;
=（4）
(5) order to
Then(5)
(6) Suppose thatIs composed ofAnd processed using the least squares method, as shown below; residual errorThe following can be written:
(6)
(7)
the minimum residual sum of squares S needs to satisfy the following condition:
. (8)
the sum of squared residuals S of equation (8) can be expressed as the inner product:
(9)
then by solving equation (6), the following equation is obtained:
(10)
substituting equation (10) into equation (6) and expressing as a determinant, then:
（11）
the differential can be found by solving equation (11) and is recorded as(ii) a At the same time, the coordinates of the seismic source can be calculated) And sonic burst timeA point T; calculated accurate valueIs an approximation of the iterative calculation;
(7) acoustic emission source energyA 0 The range of (d) can be obtained from the maximum amplitude of the acoustic emission waveform:
(12)
Ljdistance between acoustic emission source and jth acoustic emission sensor
K number of acoustic emission sensors
Aj: maximum amplitude of waveform obtained from jth acoustic emission sensor
Acoustic emission seismic source energy is calculated using equation (12), relative energyA e Given by equation (13):
(13).
(8) calculation in step (6)Is accurate value ofTheir standard deviations are respectively expressed asTheir measured values can be expressed as weights(ii) a The relationship of weight to standard deviation is given by equation (14):
(14)
precise valueCan be represented by the following two errors: standard deviation σ, precision error r; the standard deviation σ can be calculated by processing the standard deviation in the equation (14)To obtain; the precision error is calculated using the least squares method, the precision error (r)>0) The relationship with the standard deviation σ is given by the following expression:
ｒ＝0.6745σ (15)
standard deviation of the meanIs expressed as an average value of
(16)
Wherein,ｖis the residual v of the measured and calculated values in equation (6)i(ii) a The denominator is the degree of freedom;
x, Y, Z, T has an accuracy error ofAs follows:
(17) 。
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| CN111221034A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-02 | 山东黄金矿业股份有限公司新城金矿 | Mine micro seismic source positioning method and simulation inspection system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111141830A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-05-12 | 西安交通大学 | Micro-nano coupling optical fiber sensor-based linear positioning system and method |
| CN111141830B (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2021-04-20 | 西安交通大学 | Micro-nano coupling optical fiber sensor-based linear positioning system and method |
| CN111221034A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-02 | 山东黄金矿业股份有限公司新城金矿 | Mine micro seismic source positioning method and simulation inspection system |
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