CN103412053B - A kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration - Google Patents
A kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration, the steps include: one: in platy structure to be monitored, respectively arrange a voice sending sensor array along length and Width, using length direction voice sending sensor array direction as X-axis, using Width voice sending sensor array as Y-axis, the two intersection point is initial point, sets up coordinate system; Two: the calibrate AE sensor in acoustic emission signal detection system is connected with acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument by front-end amplifier; Three: switch on power, open acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, then carry out disconnected plumbous experiment, observe each passage waveform and whether normally show; If normal, carry out data acquisition; Four: respectively to length direction and Width voice sending sensor array acquisition to acoustic emission signal carry out Wave beam forming; Five: the X-coordinate determined by length direction voice sending sensor array is as horizontal coordinate, and the Y-coordinate determined by Width voice sending sensor array is as vertical coordinate.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration, it relates to a kind of engineering structure lossless detection method, particularly relate to a kind of acoustic emission source locating method not needing velocity of wave, belong to acoustic emission technical field of nondestructive testing.
Technical background
All kinds of equipment widely uses loading plate or class tabular (as housing) structure, as fuselage and the housing of screw blade, naval vessel and submarine, the storage tank etc. of katergol of the fuselage of aircraft, wing and hatch door, rotary wing aircraft.If this class formation generation damage will produce harmful effect to equipment overall performance, catastrophic equipment will even be caused to be damaged and personnel casualty accidents.The susceptible lesions type that various lossless detection methods conventional in engineering all have the application of its uniqueness and can detect, if Magnetic testing is by the restriction of granularity of magnet powder, can only detect the surface crack with certain opening width; Eddy current method can only detect surface and nearly surface damage, insensitive to immerged crack; The damage of the detected object of X ray normally volume type, and the size of sensitivity of film direction detected pieces can not be too large; Ultrasonic echo method both can detect surface crack also can detect immerged crack, but needs to scan structure, and detection efficiency is lower, and reliability is not high when detecting close crack.Said method all has some limitations when being applied to platy structure damage check.These methods are local lossless detection method, to large scale structure, need the Position Approximate knowing damage in advance, or scanning is carried out to each local of structure, in most cases need some function stop running of equipping, this is very uneconomic concerning the maintenance of equipment.Can only off-line uses, the long shortcoming of testing process finds out rapidly configuration state after causing these methods can not meet accident, provide the requirement of decision-making foundation in time for maintenance support.Therefore, in the urgent need to developing new Non-Destructive Testing Theories and methods, to adapt to the demand of plated metal structure fault detect and early warning.
Acoustic emission (AcousticEmission is called for short AE) refers to that material local sends the phenomenon of Elastic wave because of the quick release of energy.Acoustic emission signal comes from damage itself, therefore it carries the information of inside configuration lesion development, utilize certain means (as element) that the elastic wave that acoustic emission source produces is converted to electric signal, just the information relevant with acoustic emission source can be obtained by analyzing these electric signal, as position, type and the order of severity etc., realize the damage check of structure.In general, occur microscopic damage in structure but not yet formed before macroscopic failure, acoustic emission phenomenon is just obvious, and therefore, this method has very high detection sensitivity.Compared with other lossless detection methods, acoustic emission testing technology has potential advantage in dynamic damage monitoring and location etc.: signal derives from detected object itself, is suitable as a kind of dynamic assessment method to detected object to carry out dynamic evaluation and real-time diagnosis; Acoustic emission detection method is better to the practicality of detected object, it to checked object close to less demanding, simultaneously insensitive to the geometric configuration of object; The broad covered area detected, in single test process, only needs the sensor arranging sufficient amount, and acoustic emission examination just can the overall state detecting and evaluate active defects in total.
Source electricity technology is one of key problem of acoustic emission research, and its accurate positioning degree (namely reflecting the matching degree of sound Sources Detection position and actual position) is the key technical indexes of source electricity technology.At present, be the Main Means of current Acoustic Emission location based on difference time of arrival location acoustic emission source, also achieve good locating effect under study for action.But the positioning precision of time-of-arrival loaction can be subject to the factor impacts such as noise, frequency dispersion effect, energy attenuation in communication process, higher to the requirement of time of arrival, and adopt time-of-arrival loaction generally to need sparse for sensor layout in two dimension or three-dimensional big-and-middle-sized structure, may bring inconvenience to enforcement.Beam-forming schemes is a kind of array signal processing method based on Microphone array measurement, is widely used in fields such as communication, sonar, Noise Sources Identification, radar and seismic prospectings.Beam-forming schemes has larger advantage relative to time-of-arrival loaction in the target source such as communication, noise location, such as sensor arrangement convenience, and the impact by channel damping capacity is little, can simultaneously to many auditory localizations etc.
Beam-forming schemes principle as shown in Figure 1, the array be made up of one group of microphone distributed on fixed position, space is adopted to measure space sound field, processed by the signal recorded the microphone on each fixed position, to obtain detailed sound source information.
When array focuses on the point sound source at limited distance place, incident acoustic wave is spherical wave, as shown in Figure 1.
Array exports:
Wherein M is the number of sensor, w
mthe weighting coefficient of m sensor passage, x
mt () is the signal that m sensor records.
focus on for working as
during point, m sensor is relative to the time delay of reference point.For target source, signal addition before,
signal can be made to adjust to same wavefront, and when focusing on other, signal can not adjust to same wavefront.
Can be obtained by geometric relationship in Fig. 1
for reference point is to focus point displacement,
the displacement of reference point to m microphone,
be that reference point arrives the distance of focus point and m microphone to focus point range difference, c is acoustic wave propagation velocity.
Beam-forming schemes supposes that in position fixing process in structure, acoustic emission wave is propagated with a constant speed, but owing to being subject to the impact of the aspects such as frequency dispersion, multi-modal, reflection, decay, velocity of wave can change, thus directly affects acoustic emission source positioning precision.And beam-forming schemes is less by the impact of velocity variations at sensor array column direction, and positioning precision is higher, and in sensor vertical direction, then positioning precision is poor.Given this, the present invention proposes a kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration, relative to the single linear array of tradition, two array all has higher positioning precision on array direction and orthogonal array direction, and be easy to arrange sensor placement, and allow to adopt lower sampling rate, thus more convenient, reliable and economical and practical.
Summary of the invention
1, object of the present invention
Time-of-arrival loaction is the main method of acoustic current emissive source location, can locate comparatively accurately the sound source in region to be measured, but be subject to the impact of the characteristics such as decay, frequency dispersion, time-of-arrival loaction sharply declines to the auditory localization precision departing from central area, and the impact that time-of-arrival loaction is subject to velocity error is larger.In order to address this problem, the present invention proposes a kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration.This method design adopts alliteration to launch sensor array, utilizes this signal processing method of Wave beam forming, without the need under the prerequisite of velocity of wave, realizes the accurate location to structural damage acoustic emission source.
2, technical scheme
In order to solve above-mentioned technical matters, a kind of acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of launching sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration of the present invention, particular flow sheet as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
Step one: respectively arrange a voice sending sensor array along length and Width in platy structure to be monitored, described voice sending sensor array comprises 4 ~ 8 calibrate AE sensors.Can arrange coordinate system arbitrarily, but the application recommends using length direction voice sending sensor array direction as X-axis, using Width voice sending sensor array as Y-axis, the two intersection point is initial point, sets up coordinate system.Spacing in two voice sending sensor arrays between adjacent sensors is all at least greater than half wavelength;
Step 2: the calibrate AE sensor in acoustic emission signal detection system is connected with acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument by front-end amplifier;
Whether step 3: switch on power, opens acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, on platy structure to be measured, then carry out disconnected plumbous experiment, observe each passage waveform and normally show; If normal, carry out data acquisition;
Step 4: respectively to length direction voice sending sensor array and Width voice sending sensor array acquisition to acoustic emission signal carry out Wave beam forming;
Step 5: the X-coordinate of the sound emission source signal determined by length direction voice sending sensor array is as the acoustic emission source horizontal coordinate oriented, and the Y-coordinate of the sound emission source signal determined by Width voice sending sensor array is as the acoustic emission source vertical coordinate oriented.
Wherein, " platy structure " described in step one refers to that thickness is significantly less than the geometry of length and width; " calibrate AE sensor " is piezoelectric resonant sensors.The signal testing array that voice sending sensor array is made up of several calibrate AE sensors, its arrangement mode is straight line;
Wherein, " acoustic emission signal detection system " described in step 2 is made up of front-end amplifier, acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, computing machine.Described front-end amplifier function carries out power amplification to the acoustic emission signal that acoustic emission sensor array is tested; Described acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument is conventional acoustic emission test instrument.
Wherein, " disconnected plumbous experiment " described in step 3, be adopt diameter to be the 2H graphite pencil core of 0.3mm or 0.5mm, with platy structure to be monitored surface in about 30 ° angles, inclination fractures;
Wherein, " length direction voice sending sensor array " described in step 4 is one group of sensor of the length direction linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Width voice sending sensor array " is one group of sensor of the Width linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Wave beam forming " is a kind of acoustic emission source locating method of routine;
Wherein, " length direction voice sending sensor array " described in step 5 is one group of sensor of the length direction linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Width voice sending sensor array " is one group of sensor of the Width linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored.
Ultimate principle of the present invention is: adopt beam-forming schemes to position acoustic emission source, its principle as shown in Figure 1.Beam-forming schemes for acoustic emission source location has directional characteristics clearly, and insensitive to velocity variations along array direction, have very high positioning precision, in array vertical direction, then speed dependence is extremely strong, and positioning precision is very poor.For this reason, we are based on this characteristic, first respectively arrange a uniform rectilinear voice sending sensor array at tested tabular body structure surface along horizontal and vertical direction, and using horizontal linear voice sending sensor array direction as X-axis, using vertical direction straight line voice sending sensor array as Y-axis, the two intersection point is initial point, sets up coordinate system.The acoustic emission signal that the acoustic emission source in investigative range discharges can be picked up by this two row linear array.Then by two array tests to signal be respectively used to Wave beam forming.The uniform rectilinear voice sending sensor array arranged in the horizontal direction can orient the X-direction coordinate of acoustic emission source in sensor array coordinate system accurately; Uniform rectilinear voice sending sensor array simultaneously by vertically arranging can orient the Y-direction coordinate of acoustic emission source in sensor array coordinate system accurately.The two is combined, is the accurate coordinate of acoustic emission source in sensor array coordinate system.The present invention overcomes the dependence of traditional beam-forming schemes to speed, the signal that direct employing is tested by horizontal and vertical direction carries out Wave beam forming respectively, its position fixing process, without the need to velocity of wave, is conducive to promoting the promotion and application of acoustic emission testing technology in construction damage positioning.
3, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) implementation method of the present invention is simple, just can realize acoustic emission source location without the need to process or the acoustic emission signal due in equivalent damage characteristic parameter calculated in signal;
(2) the inventive method is due to without the need to velocity of wave, and positioning precision is very high and stable;
(3) the present invention overcomes single straight line sensing array beams and form dependence to speed, all insensitive to velocity variations in array horizontal and vertical direction, there is very high positioning precision;
(4) the inventive method can realize Real-Time Monitoring to acoustic emission source in platy structure and location;
(5) the inventive method can realize platy structure large regions acoustic emission source location.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description to exemplary embodiment of the present invention below reading, consider by reference to the accompanying drawings, the above embodiment of the present invention and other embodiment, object, characteristic, advantage, technical and industrial meaning will better be understood simultaneously, wherein:
Fig. 1 is Wave beam forming figure
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the method for the invention
Fig. 3 is disconnected plumbous experiment schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is that in Fig. 3, horizontal acoustic launches the acoustic emission signal time domain beamformer that in sensor array, a sensor collects
Fig. 5 is the acoustic emission signal time domain beamformer that in Fig. 3, in vertical voice sending sensor array, a sensor collects
Sequence number in figure, symbol description are as follows:
1-simulated sound source position, 2-horizontal direction straight line sensor array, 3-vertical direction straight line sensor array, 4-steel plate, 5-front-end amplifier, 6-acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, 7-computing machine
Embodiment
In the following description, the present invention will be described in detail according to exemplary embodiment.
As shown in Figure 3, wherein structure to be monitored is each to uniform steel plate, is of a size of 500mm × 500mm × 5mm, adopts the generation that on steel plate, disconnected plumbous mode simulated sound is launched.
This example comprises the following steps:
As shown in Figure 2, the process flow diagram of the method for the invention is.Following concrete implementation step is all implemented according to this figure.
Step one: as shown in Figure 3, arranges horizontal direction straight line sensor array 2 in the horizontal direction in steel plate 4 to be monitored, vertically arranges vertical direction voice sending sensor array 3.Described voice sending sensor array comprises 4 ~ 8 sound and sends out sensor.Using horizontal linear voice sending sensor array direction as X-axis, using vertical direction straight line voice sending sensor array as Y-axis, the two intersection point is initial point, sets up coordinate system.Spacing in two voice sending sensor arrays between adjacent sensors is all at least greater than half wavelength.Each acoustic emission source coordinate is shown in form 1
Form 1 each acoustic emission dummy source coordinate
Step 2: the calibrate AE sensor in acoustic emission signal detection system is connected with acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument 6 by front-end amplifier 5;
Step 3: switch on power, opens computing machine 7, arranges acquisition software correlation parameter, on steel plate 4 to be monitored, then carry out disconnected plumbous experiment.Disconnected plumbous position is positioned at the simulated sound source position 1 shown in Fig. 3.After horizontal acoustic transmitting sensor array 2 carries out power amplification with the acoustic emission signal that vertical voice sending sensor array 3 collects via front-end amplifier 5, be transferred to acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument 6; Whether each passage waveform observing acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument 6 normally shows; If normal, carry out data acquisition; Fig. 4 with Fig. 5 is the acoustic emission signal time domain beamformer that horizontal acoustic launches that in the acoustic emission signal time domain beamformer and vertical voice sending sensor array that in sensor array, a sensor collects, a sensor collects respectively;
Step 4: respectively Wave beam forming is carried out to the acoustic emission signal that horizontal direction straight line sensor array 1 and vertical direction voice sending sensor array 2 collect according to the beam-forming schemes shown in Fig. 1;
Step 5: the X-coordinate of sound emission source signal horizontal direction straight line sensor array 1 determined is as the acoustic emission source horizontal coordinate oriented, using the Y-coordinate of vertical direction voice sending sensor array 2 as the acoustic emission source vertical coordinate oriented, each acoustic emission source positioning result as shown in Table 2;
Wherein, " platy structure " described in step one refers to that thickness is significantly less than the geometry of length and width; " calibrate AE sensor " is piezoelectric resonant sensors.The signal testing array that voice sending sensor array is made up of several calibrate AE sensors, its arrangement mode is straight line;
Wherein, " acoustic emission signal detection system " described in step 2 is made up of front-end amplifier, acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, computing machine.Described front-end amplifier function carries out power amplification to the acoustic emission signal that acoustic emission sensor array is tested; Described acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument is conventional acoustic emission test instrument.
Wherein, " disconnected plumbous experiment " described in step 3, be adopt diameter to be the 2H graphite pencil core of 0.3mm or 0.5mm, with platy structure to be monitored surface in about 30 ° angles, inclination fractures;
Wherein, " length direction voice sending sensor array " described in step 4 is one group of sensor of the length direction linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Width voice sending sensor array " is one group of sensor of the Width linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Wave beam forming " is a kind of acoustic emission source locating method of the art routine;
Wherein, " length direction voice sending sensor array " described in step 5 is one group of sensor of the length direction linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Width voice sending sensor array " is one group of sensor of the Width linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored.
The each acoustic emission source positioning result of form 2
Claims (1)
1. launch the acoustic emission source locating method without the need to velocity of wave of sensor array and Wave beam forming based on alliteration, it is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
Step one: respectively arrange a voice sending sensor array along length and Width in platy structure to be monitored, described voice sending sensor array comprises 4 ~ 8 calibrate AE sensors; Using length direction voice sending sensor array direction as X-axis, using Width voice sending sensor array as Y-axis, the two intersection point is initial point, sets up coordinate system; Spacing in two voice sending sensor arrays between adjacent sensors is all at least greater than half wavelength;
Step 2: the calibrate AE sensor in acoustic emission signal detection system is connected with acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument by front-end amplifier;
Whether step 3: switch on power, opens acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, on platy structure to be measured, then carry out disconnected plumbous experiment, observe each passage waveform and normally show; If normal, carry out data acquisition;
Step 4: respectively to length direction voice sending sensor array and Width voice sending sensor array acquisition to acoustic emission signal carry out Wave beam forming;
Step 5: the X-coordinate of the sound emission source signal determined by length direction voice sending sensor array is as the acoustic emission source horizontal coordinate oriented, and the Y-coordinate of the sound emission source signal determined by Width voice sending sensor array is as the acoustic emission source vertical coordinate oriented;
Wherein, " platy structure " described in step one, three refers to that thickness is significantly less than the geometry of length and width;
Wherein, " calibrate AE sensor " described in step one is piezoelectric resonant sensors; The signal testing array that described " voice sending sensor array " is made up of a plurality of calibrate AE sensor, its arrangement mode is straight line;
Wherein, " acoustic emission signal detection system " described in step 2 is made up of front-end amplifier, acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument, computing machine; This front-end amplifier function carries out power amplification to the acoustic emission signal that acoustic emission sensor array is tested; This acoustic emission signal Acquisition Instrument is conventional acoustic emission test instrument;
Wherein, " disconnected plumbous experiment " described in step 3, be adopt diameter to be the 2H graphite pencil core of 0.3mm, with platy structure to be monitored surface in about 30 ° angles, inclination fractures;
Wherein, " length direction voice sending sensor array " described in step 4 is one group of sensor of the length direction linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Width voice sending sensor array " is one group of sensor of the Width linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Wave beam forming " is a kind of acoustic emission source locating method;
Wherein, " length direction voice sending sensor array " described in step 5 is one group of sensor of the length direction linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored; " Width voice sending sensor array " is one group of sensor of the Width linear distribution along platy structure to be monitored.
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| CN106500925B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-09-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of detecting system of GIS device gas leakage, device and method |
| CN106706760A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-24 | 北京工业大学 | Acoustic emission source positioning method of composite material plate of omnidirectional dual circular array |
| CN106842127B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-02-19 | 天津大学 | A kind of double-arm nonopiate sensor array based on Beamforming Method |
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| CN115166057A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-11 | 江苏大学 | Method for measuring wave speed change based on acoustic emission |
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Granted publication date: 20151118 Termination date: 20170722 |