CN108218874B - 一种磷酸二酯酶抑制剂及其用途 - Google Patents
一种磷酸二酯酶抑制剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及如式I所示的磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和异构体,本发明还涉及这些化合物药物制剂、药物组合物及其应用。本发明所涉及化合物可以应用于磷酸二酯酶9(PDE9)异常表达介导的相关疾病治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及如式I所示的磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和异构体,本发明所涉及化合物可以应用于磷酸二酯酶9(PDE9) 异常表达介导的相关疾病治疗。
背景技术
磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterass,PDEs)是一类蛋白酶,能选择性的降解体内重要的第二信使cGMP(环磷酸鸟苷)和cAMP(环磷酸腺苷),从而参与体内重要的生理过程。依据基因的序列同源性和对cGMP或cAMP的选择性,PDEs可分为(PDE1~PDE11)11个成员。其中,PDE9A是PDE家族中的重要一员,其广泛表达于睾丸、大脑、小肠、骨肌、心脏、肺、胸腺和胰脏。随着近几年的研究深入,已有多篇文献报道和临床数据证明,PDE9A抑制剂用于治疗由于中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害方面的疾病,比如老年痴呆症和精神分裂症、大脑的神经变性过程疾病。
cAMP和cGMP这两种核苷酸是重要的第二信使,在细胞信号传导过程中起着核心作用;它们主要活化蛋白激酶:由cAMP激活的称作蛋白激酶A(PKA),由cGMP激活的称作蛋白激酶G(PKG)。被激活的PKA和PKG可以磷酸化许多细胞效应蛋白,比如离子通道、 G-蛋白耦联受体、结构蛋白、传导因子。因此,cAMP和cGMP通过这种方式可能控制许多器官中的大多数生理过程。同时,cAMP和cGMP也可以直接作用于效应蛋白,从而起到上述相同的作用。众所周知,cGMP可以直接作用于离子受体,从而影响细胞中的离子浓度。磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)水解环状单磷酸酯cAMP和cGMP,将其转化为失活的单磷酸酯AMP 和GMP。
人类的PDE9A最早在1998年被克隆和测序,是迄今为止报道的对cGMP选择性最高的 PDE。PDE9A与cGMP的结合常数(Km)为170nM,而对cAMP的结合常数值高达230000 nM,选择性超过1000倍。和PDE2A及PDE5A比较,由于PDE9A没有cGMP的结合区域,因此PDE9A的催化活性并不会被cGMP增强,所以PDE9A抑制剂可能提高基线cGMP浓度。
传统的PDE抑制剂不能抑制人类PDE9A,因此,药物IBMX、dipyridamole、SKF94120、rolipram和vinpocetine对PDE9A没有抑制活性或者很低。
目前市场上没有PDE9A抑制剂药物,只有一些正在处于临床研发阶段的抑制剂。分别是由Pfizer公司的PF-04447943和BI公司的BI-409306两类PDE9A抑制剂,结构式分别如下:
目前两个化合物正处于一期和二期临床阶段。尽管由两家不同公司研发,这两类PDE9A 抑制剂都是基于母核4-羟基吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶。
发明内容
发明的一个目的是提供一类PDE9A激酶抑制剂,本发明化合物具有良好的PDE9A激酶抑制活性和成药性,可应用于由PDE9A异常表达介导的相关疾病的治疗。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
方案1:一种由下述通式(I)表示的PDE9激酶(磷酸二酯酶9)抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和异构体:
其中,
m任意选自0、1、2、3或4;
n任意选自0,1或2;
X、Y、独立的任选自C、CH、N;
Q、W独立的任选自C、CH、N、NH、S或者O;
E任意的选自-(CH2)z-、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-,其中,z独立的选自0,1或2;
R1独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、C3-6环烷基、卤代C1-4烷基、-(CH2)m’-C3-6环烷基,m’=1或2;
R2、R3独立的选自氢、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~6烷基、C3-6环烷基、 C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基氧基、卤代C1-6烷氧基、卤代C1-6烷基、卤代C3-6环烷基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基、氨基C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基氨基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、3~8元环烷基磺酰基、C1-6烷基羰基、C3-6环烷基羰基、C1-6烷基硫基、-(CH2)n’-5~14元环烷基、-(CH2)n’-5~14元芳环、-(CH2)n’- 含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5-10元杂环基、-(CH2)n’-含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5-10 元杂芳基,其中,n’=0,1或2,环烷基、芳环、杂芳环、杂环基可任选被1-3个R4取代;
R4独立的选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、环丙基、-(CH2)m’-C3-6环烷基,m’=1或2;
环A选自任选的5~10元环烷基、5~10元芳环、含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~10元杂环烷基、或含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~10元杂芳环,其中,环A任选被1~3个R5取代,任意环原子S可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,任意的环原子碳可任选地被氧化为C(O);
R5独立的选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、环丙基、-(CH2)m’-C3-6环烷基,m’=1或2。
方案2:如方案1所述的PDE9激酶抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和互变异构体,其中,结构通式如(II-1)、(II-2)、(II-3)、(II-4)所示:
其中,
m任意选自0、1、2、3或4;
n任意选自0或1;
E任意的选自-(CH2)z-、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-,其中,z独立的选自0或1;
R1、R2、R3及环A如上所定义。
方案3:如方案1或方案2任意一项所述的PDE9激酶抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和互变异构体:
其中,
R1独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、环丙基、-CH2-环丙基、三氟甲基;
环A选自任选的5~7元环烷基、5~6元芳环、含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~7元杂环烷基、或含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~6元杂芳环,其中,环A任选被1~3个R5取代,任意环原子S可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,任意的环原子碳可任选地被氧化为C(O);
R5独立的选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、环丙基、三氟甲基、-(CH2)m’-C3-6环烷基,m’=1或2。
方案4:如方案3所述的PDE9激酶抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和互变异构体:
其中,
R2、R3独立地选自氢、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、C3-6环烷基、 C1-4烷氧基、C3-6环烷基氧基、卤代C1-4烷氧基、卤代C1-4烷基、卤代C3-6环烷基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基、氨基C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基氨基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、3~8元环烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷基羰基、C3-6环烷基羰基、C1-6烷基硫基、-(CH2)n’-5~7元环烷基、-(CH2)n’-5~6元芳环、-(CH2)n’- 含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5-7元杂环基、-(CH2)n’-含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5-6元杂芳基,其中,n’=0,1或2,环烷基、芳环、杂芳环、杂环基可任选被1-3个R4取代;
R4独立的选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、环丙基、三氟甲基、-(CH2)m’-环丙基,m’=1或2。
方案5:如方案4所述的PDE9激酶抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和互变异构体,
其中,
m选自0、1或2;
n为0;
E为-(CH2)z-,其中,z=0;
R1独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、环丙基、-CH2-环丙基、三氟甲基;
R2独立地选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、环丙基、三氟甲基、-(CH2)m’-环丙基,m’=1或2;
R3独立地选自氢、5~7元环烷基、5~6元芳环、含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~7元杂环烷基、或含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~6元杂芳环,其中,环烷基、杂环烷基、芳环、杂芳环任选被1个或2个R4取代,任意环原子S可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,任意的环原子碳可任选地被氧化为C(O);
R4独立的选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、环丙基、三氟甲基、-CH2-环丙基;
环A选自5~7元环烷基、5~6元芳环、含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~7元杂环烷基、或含1~3个O、S和/或N原子的5~6元杂芳环,其中,环A任选被1个或2个R5取代,任意环原子S可任选被氧化为S(O)或S(O)2,任意的环原子碳可任选地被氧化为C(O);
R5独立的选自氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、环丙基、三氟甲基、-(CH2)m’-环丙基,m’=1或2。
方案6:如方案1~5任一项方案所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和互变异构体,
其中,
环A优选自如下基团:
R2优选自如下基团:氢,羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基、卤素原子、C1~4烷基、环丙基、三氟甲基、-(CH2)m’-环丙基,m’=1或2;
本发明的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或其立体异构体为:
发明详述:
本发明所述“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴、碘等,优选氟原子,氯原子。
本发明所述的“卤代”是指取代基中的任一碳原子可被一个或多个相同或不同的卤素取代。“卤素”如前文所定义。
本发明所述“C1-6烷基”指含有1~6个碳原子的烃部分去除一个氢原子衍生的直链或支链的烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、 2-甲基丁基、新戊基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、异己基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、 1-甲基戊基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基和1-甲基-2-甲基丙基等。所述“C1-4烷基”指含有1~4个碳原子的上述实例。
本发明所述的“C1-6烷基羰基氨基”、“C1-6烷基氨基羰基”、“C1-6烷基磺酰基”是分别指C1-6烷基-C(O)-NH-、C1-6烷基-NH-C(O)-、C1-6烷基-S(O)2-;所述“C1-6烷基”如前文所定义,优选为“C1-4烷基”。
本发明所述的“C1-6烷氧基”是指前文所定义的“C1-6烷基”通过氧原子与母体分子部分连接的基团,即“C1-6烷基-O-”基团,如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、新戊氧基和正己氧基等。所述的“C1-4烷氧基”指含有1~4个碳原子的上述实例,即“C1-4烷基-O-”基团。
本发明所述的“环烷基”,是指单环环烷基,双环环烷基系统或者是多环环烷基系统。单环系统是含3至8个碳原子的环烃基基团,这些基团可以饱和或不饱和、但不是芳族。单环实例包括但不限于:环丙烷基、环丁烷基、环戊烷基、环己烷基、环庚烷基、环辛烷基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、1,4-环己二烯基、环庚烯基、1,4-环庚二烯基、环辛烯基、1,5-环辛二烯基等。双环环烷基系统是桥接或螺接的单环环或并接的双环环。桥接的单环环中含有单环环烷基环,其中单环环的两个非相邻碳原子被一至三个额外碳原子之间的亚烷基桥连接(即, -(CH2)w-形式的桥接基团,其中w是1、2、或3)。双环体系的代表性例子包括但不限于双环 [3.1.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.2]辛烷、双环[3.2.2]壬烷、双环[3.3.1]壬烷和双环 [4.2.1]壬烷。稠合双环环烷基环系统包含稠合到苯基、单环环烷基、单环环烯基、单环杂环基或单环杂芳基的单环环烷基环。稠合的双环环烷基,通过单环环烷基环内含有的任何碳原子连接到母体分子类。环烷基基团被作为独立氧代基或硫基的一个或两个基团选择性取代。
本发明所述的“杂环基”是指“环烷基”中任一碳原子可被选自氧、硫、氮的杂原子取代,优选1~3个杂原子,同时包括碳原子、氮原子和硫原子可以被氧代。
“杂环基”,是指单环杂环基、双环杂环基系统或多环杂环基系统,包括饱和、部分饱和的杂环基,但不包括芳环。“3-8”元饱和杂环基,其实例包括但不限于氮杂环丙烷基、氧杂环丙烷基、硫杂环丙烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡咯基、四氢噻吩基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、1,2-噁唑烷基、1,3-噁唑烷基、1,2-噻唑烷基、 1,3-噻唑烷基、四氢-2H-吡喃基、四氢-2H-噻喃基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、1,4-二氧杂环己烷基、1,4-氧硫杂环己烷基;“3-8”元部分饱和杂环基,其实例包括但不限于4,5-二氢异噁唑基、4,5-二氢噁唑基、2,5-二氢噁唑基、2,3-二氢噁唑基、3,4-二氢-2H-吡咯基、2,3-二氢-1H- 吡咯基、2,5-二氢-1H-咪唑基、4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑基、4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑基、4,5-二氢-3H-吡唑基、4,5-二氢噻唑基、2,5-二氢噻唑基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、2H-噻喃基、4H-噻喃基、2,3,4,5- 四氢吡啶基、1,2-异噁嗪基、1,4-异噁嗪基或6H-1,3-噁嗪基等。双环杂环是稠合到苯基、单环环烷基、单环环烯基、单环式杂环或单环杂芳基的单环杂环。通双环体系的单环杂环部分内含有的任何碳原子或任何氮原子,双环杂环连接到母体分子类。双环杂环基的代表性实例包括但不限于2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-2-基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基-3-基、二氢吲哚-1-基、二氢吲哚-2- 基、二氢吲哚-3-基、2,3-二氢苯并噻吩-2-基、八氢-1H-吲哚基、八氢苯并呋喃基。杂环基被被作为独立氧代基或硫基的一个或两个基团选择性取代。在某些实施例中,双环杂环基是稠合到苯环、5元或6元的单环环烷基、5元或6元单环环烯基、5元或6元单环杂环基或5 元或6元单环杂芳基的5元或6元单环杂环基环,其特征在于双环杂环基被作为独立氧代基或硫基的一个或两个基团选择性取代。
本文所用的术语“稠和”包括桥接、螺接和并接三种连接方式以构成双环或多环系统。
“6~14元芳基”,是指含有6~14个碳原子的环状芳香性基团,包括“6-8元单环芳基”,例如苯基、环辛烯基等;包括“8~14元稠环芳基”,例如戊搭烯、萘、菲等。本文所用的术语“芳基”指苯基(即,单环芳基)或者是芳族双环体系中含有至少一个苯环或只含有碳原子的双环体系。双环芳基可以是薁基、萘基、或稠合到单环环烷基、单环环烯基或单环杂环的苯基。双环芳基通过双环体系的苯基部分所含的任何碳原子或带有萘基或薁环的任何碳原子附到母体分子类上。双环芳基的稠合单环环烷基或单环杂环基部分被一个或两个氧代基和/或硫杂基团选择性取代。
本文所用的术语“杂芳基”指含有至少一个杂芳环的单环杂芳基或双环体系。单环杂芳基可以是一个5元或6元环。5元环由两个双键和一个、两个、三个或四个氮原子以及一个氧原子或硫原子组成。6元环由三个双键和一个、两个、三个或四个氮原子组成。5元或6元杂芳基通过杂芳基内含有的任意碳原子或氮原子连接到母体分子类。单环式杂芳基的代表性实例包括但不仅限于呋喃基、咪唑基、异恶唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、恶二唑基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、吡咯基、四唑基、噻二唑基、噻唑基、噻吩基、三唑基和三嗪基。双环杂芳基由稠合到苯基、单环环烷基、单环环烯基、单环杂环基或单环杂芳基的单环杂芳基组成。稠合的双环杂芳基的环烷基或杂环基部分被被作为独立氧代基或硫基的一个或两个基团选择性取代。当双环杂芳基含有稠合的环烷基、环烯基或杂环基环时,则双环杂芳基通过双环体系的单环杂芳基部分含有的任何碳原子或氮原子连接到母体分子类。当双环杂芳基是稠合到苯环或单环杂芳基的单环杂芳基时,双环杂芳基通过双环体系内的任何碳原子或氮原子连接到母体分子类。双环杂芳基的代表性例子包括但不限于苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、苯并恶二唑基、benzoxathiadiazolyl、苯并噻唑基、噌啉基、5,6-二氢喹啉-2-基、5,6-二氢异喹啉-1-基、furopyridinyl、吲唑基、吲哚基、异喹啉基、萘啶基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉-2-基、5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉基、5,6,7,8- 四氢喹啉-4-基、5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉-1-基、thienopyridinyl、4,5,6,7-四氢并[c][1,2,5]恶二唑和 6,7-二氢并[c][1,2,5]恶二唑-4(5H)-酮基。在某些实施例中,稠合双环杂芳基是稠合到苯基环、 5元或6元单环环烷基、5元或6元单环环烯基、5元或6元单环式杂环基或5元或6元单环杂芳基的5元或6元单环杂芳环,其中稠合的环烷基、环烯基和杂环基被作为独立氧代基或硫基的一个或两个基团选择性取代。
本发明还要求保护本发明任一化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和异构体的药物制剂,其特征在于包含一种或多种药用载体。
本发明所述的药用载体可以是一种或多种适合于人使用的固体或液体填料或凝胶物质。所述药用载体优选具有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性,并且与本发明活性成分具有相容性且不明显减低活性成分的药效。例如,药用载体可以填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、水性溶剂或非水性溶剂等。
本发明所述的药物制剂,可以制成药学上可接受的任意剂型,以任何合适的给药方式,例如通过口服、肠胃外、直肠或经肺给药等方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者或受试者。用于口服给药时,可以制成片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、颗粒剂等。用于肠胃外给药时,可以制成注射液、注射用无菌粉末等。
本发明还要求保护本发明任一化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和异构体的药物组合物,进一步包含一种或多种第二治疗活性剂,所述的第二治疗活性剂为抗代谢物、生长因子抑制剂、有丝分类抑制剂、抗肿瘤激素类、烷化剂类、金属类、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、激素药、免疫调节剂、肿瘤抑制基因、癌疫苗、免疫检查点或肿瘤免疫治疗相关的抗体和小分子药物。
本发明还要求保护本发明任一化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、多晶型物和异构体在制备治疗由磷酸二酯酶9(PDE9)异常表达介导的相关疾病的药物中的用途,所述的PDE9异常表达介导的相关疾病为:
(a)用于可通过抑制PDE9达成的疾病治疗;
(b)用于治疗CNS疾病;
(c)用于治疗的CNS疾病选自以下的病症:与选自知觉、注意力、认知、学习或记忆的疾病或病症有关的认知损害、年龄相关性记忆丧失、血管性痴呆、颅脑外伤、中风、中风后发生的痴呆、外伤后痴呆、一般性注意力损害、儿童注意力损害伴学习及记忆问题、阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆;额叶变性痴呆;皮质基底节变性痴呆、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、丘脑变性、库贾氏痴呆、HIV痴呆、精神分裂症、科尔萨科夫精神病或与抑郁症或双相情感障碍有关的认知损害;
(d)用于治疗阿尔茨海默病或与阿尔茨海默病有关的认知损害;
(e)用于治疗精神分裂症或与精神分裂症有关的认知损害;
(f)用于治疗癫痫或与癫痫有关的认知损害;
(g)用于治疗选自以下的疾病或病症:睡眠障碍、双相情感障碍、代谢综合征、肥胖症、糖尿病、高血糖症、血脂异常、葡萄糖耐量降低或睾丸、脑、小肠、骨骼肌、心脏、肺、胸腺或脾的疾病、镰刀型血液病。
本发明所述的“药学上可接受的盐”是指可药用的酸和碱的加成盐和溶剂化物。这样的可药用盐包括诸如以下的酸的盐:盐酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、甲酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、硝酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、马来酸、氢碘酸、链烷酸(诸如乙酸、 HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n是0~4))等。无毒的药物碱加成盐包括诸如以下的碱的盐:钠、钾、钙、铵等。本领域技术人员知晓多种无毒的可药用加成盐。
本发明式(I)化合物的“异构体”是指当式(I)化合物存在不对称碳原子时,会产生对映异构体;当化合物存在碳碳双键或环状结构时,会产生顺反异构体;当化合物存在酮或肟时,会产生互变异构体,所有式(I)化合物的对映异构体、非对映异构体、消旋异构体、顺反异构体、互变异构体、几何异构体、差向异构体及其混合物,均包括在本发明范围中。
对于结构呈现的一般注:
具有立体异构中心的化合物:绘于下文实验部分中的结构未必显示化合物的所有立体化学可能性,而是仅显示一种。然而,在这些情形下,例如“反式-外消旋混合物”或“顺式-外消旋混合物”等术语添加在所绘示结构之后以指示其它立体化学选择。
下文给出实例:
展示的结构式为:
反式-外消旋体混合物:
所添加的术语“反式-外消旋混合物”指出第二种立体化学选择:
因此,所制备的化合物为:
本原则还适用于其他所绘制的结构。
具体实施方式
实施例1:化合物1的合成(反式-外消旋混合物)
合成路线:
1.化合物1-1的制备(反式-外消旋混合物):
在20mL微波管中加入1-氨基-1H-吡咯-2-甲酰胺(0.47g,3.8mmol,1.0eq)和EtOH(10mL),氮气保护下降温至0℃ , 加入NaH(0.78g,19.4mmol,5.1eq),室温(20℃ ) 反应1h,加入化合物反式-1,2-环丁腈(1.2g,11.3mmol,3.0eq),微波加热至140℃ 反应 45min。重复上述操作7 次,合并反应液,浓缩,加入冰水(200mL),2-甲基四氢呋喃萃取(100mL×5),无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析纯化(DCM:MeOH=70:1)得白色固体(1.44g,收率:8.5%)。
2.化合物1-2的制备(反式-外消旋混合物):
在250mL四口瓶中加入CHCl3(15mL),EtOH(15mL),氮气保护下,降温至0℃ , 滴加乙酰氯(12.06g,153.6mmol,30.0eq),搅拌0.5h,滴加化合物1-1(1.10g,5.12mmol,1.0eq)的氯仿溶液(45mL),室温(20℃ ) 反应 8h,浓缩,加入NH3/MeOH(45mL,由NH3通入MeOH制备),室温(20℃ ) 反应 12h。浓缩得白色固体(1.5g粗品,收率:以100%计)。
3.化合物1-3的制备(反式-外消旋混合物):
在20微波管中加入化合物1-2(1.50g,5.12mmol,1.0eq),1,1,3,3-二甲氧基丙烷,微波加热至175℃ 反 应1h。冷却至室温(20℃ ) ,加 入DCM(50mL),水洗,水相DCM萃取(20mL×2),合并DCM相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析纯化(依次用PE:EA=20:1~7:1, DCM:MeOH=100:1洗脱)得产品,用PE:MTBE(1:1)打浆,过滤,烘干得类白色粉末状固体(380.0 mg,收率:27.7%)
4.化合物1-4的制备(反式-外消旋混合物):
在100mL单口瓶中加入化合物1-3(380.0mg,1.42mmol,1.0eq),DCM(24mL),冰浴下加入TFA(12mL),降温至0℃ , 分批缓慢(约1h)加入NBS(227.9mg,1.28mmol,0.9eq),缓慢升至室温(20℃ ) 反应 8h。TLC监测反应结束,浓缩,加入DCM(50mL),饱和碳酸钠水溶液(50mL),搅拌10min,分液,有机相无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析 (DCM:MeOH=150:1~100:1洗脱)得淡黄色固体(350.0mg,收率:71.3%)。
5.化合物1的制备(反式-外消旋混合物):
在100mL单口瓶中加入化合物1-4(350.0mg,1.01mmol,1.0eq)、二氧六环(20mL)、碳酸钾(278.8mg,2.02mmol,2.0eq)水溶液(10mL)和(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基 -1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(254.7mg,1.21mmol,1.2eq),氮气保护下加热至回流反应8h。浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(依次用PE:EA=2:1,DCM:MeOH=150:1~70:1)得产品,用MTBE打浆,过滤,干燥,得类白色粉末状固体(160.0mg,收率:45.3%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.66(brs,1H),8.77-8.79(d,2H),7.36-7.38(t,1H), 6.84-6.96(d,1H),6.55-6.56(d,1H),4.13-4.29(m,2H),3.77-3.83(m,3H),2.27-2.32(m,4H), 1.96-2.03(m,1H),1.20(m,5H).。
实施例2:化合物2的合成(反式-外消旋混合物)
1.化合物2的制备(反式-外消旋混合物):
在50mL单口瓶中加入化合物1(50.0mg,0.14mmol,1.0eq)、DCM(3mL)、三氟乙酸(1.5 mL)和三乙基硅烷(49.9mg,0.43mmol,3.0eq),氮气保护下加热至回流反应8h,补加三乙基硅烷(49.9mg,0.43mmol),LCMS检测反应仍有少量原料剩余。加入DCM(30mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠(50mL),分液,水相DCM萃取(50mL×1),合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,用少量DCM洗滤饼,滤液浓缩,粗品经Prep-HPLC纯化得白色固体(5.5mg,收率:11.2%)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):11.52(brs,1H),8.77-8.78(d,2H),7.36-7.38(t,1H), 6.79-6.80(d,1H),6.33-6.34(d,1H),4.13-4.17(m,1H),3.74-3.94(m,3H),3.41-3.46(m,2H),3.20-3.26(m,1H),2.30-2.32(m,2H),1.59-1.89(m,4H).。
生物实施例
根据下述生物实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。本发明所属的化合物可用于治疗或者预防由PDE9异常表达所介导的相关疾病。
本发明化合物的体外酶学活性实验:
供试品:化合物1和化合物2,结构如上文所述。
实验方法:在室温条件下,将PDE9A和50nM荧光标记的cGMP底物以及化合物孵育,采用时间分辨荧光共振能量转移的方法进行PDE9A激酶的抑制活性测定。
试验方法参考文献:
WunderF,Characterization of the first potent and selectivePDE9inhibitor using a cGMP reporter cell line.Molecular Pharmacology.2005Dec;68(6):1775-81.
表1本发明化合物体外酶学抑制活性(IC50)
化合物 | 对PDE9A抑制活性IC<sub>50</sub>(nM) |
化合物1 | 135.8 |
化合物2 | 10 |
由表1可见,本发明的化合物具有良好的PDE9A抑制活性,可用于治疗由于中枢神经系统紊乱导致的认知损害方面的疾病。
Claims (5)
3.含有权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物制剂,其特征在于包含一种或多种药用载体。
4.含有权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物,其特征在于进一步包含一种或多种第二治疗活性剂,所述的第二治疗活性剂为抗代谢物、生长因子抑制剂、有丝分裂抑制剂、抗肿瘤激素类、烷化剂类、金属类、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、激素药、免疫调节剂、肿瘤抑制基因、癌疫苗、免疫检查点或肿瘤免疫治疗相关的抗体和小分子药物。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗由磷酸二酯酶9(PDE9)异常表达介导的相关疾病的药物中的用途,所述药物用于如下用途:
(a)用于可通过抑制PDE9达成的疾病治疗;
(b)用于治疗的CNS疾病选自以下的病症:与选自知觉、注意力、认知、学习或记忆的疾病或病症有关的认知损害、年龄相关性记忆丧失、血管性痴呆、颅脑外伤、中风、中风后发生的痴呆、外伤后痴呆、一般性注意力损害、儿童注意力损害伴学习及记忆问题、路易体痴呆;额叶变性痴呆;皮质基底节变性痴呆、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、丘脑变性、库贾氏痴呆、HIV痴呆、科尔萨科夫精神病或与抑郁症或双相情感障碍有关的认知损害;
(c)用于治疗阿尔茨海默病或与阿尔茨海默病有关的认知损害;
(d)用于治疗精神分裂症或与精神分裂症有关的认知损害;
(e)用于治疗癫痫或与癫痫有关的认知损害;
(f)用于治疗选自以下的疾病或病症:睡眠障碍、双相情感障碍、代谢综合征、肥胖症、糖尿病、高血糖症、血脂异常、葡萄糖耐量降低或睾丸、脑、小肠、骨骼肌、心脏、肺、胸腺或脾的疾病、镰刀型血液病。
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