CN107530273B - 含有缬草提取物的组合物 - Google Patents
含有缬草提取物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107530273B CN107530273B CN201680022900.3A CN201680022900A CN107530273B CN 107530273 B CN107530273 B CN 107530273B CN 201680022900 A CN201680022900 A CN 201680022900A CN 107530273 B CN107530273 B CN 107530273B
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- derivatives
- valerian
- extract
- extracts
- Prior art date
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 101
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- FEBNTWHYQKGEIQ-SUKRRCERSA-N valerenic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](\C=C(/C)C(O)=O)C2=C(C)CC[C@H]12 FEBNTWHYQKGEIQ-SUKRRCERSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
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Abstract
提出一种含有缬草提取物或其衍生物的药物组合物,其特别可作为皮脂生成调节剂通过施加相对活性用于影响皮脂腺代谢并通过调节脂肪代谢影响皮下脂肪生成。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含有由缬草(Valeriana)属植物,优选缬草(Valeriana officinalis)得到的提取物或活性成分衍生物,特别是缬草酸或缬草烯酸的组合物,该组合物用于制造用于调节皮脂腺活性的化妆品组合物和/或药物。
现有技术
皮脂腺是遍布除手掌和脚掌的皮肤所有区域的微小外分泌腺。它们分泌天然油脂,被称为皮脂,其与汗液一起形成覆盖皮肤的皮脂膜。人类皮脂是甘油三酯、脂肪酸、蜡脂、甾醇酯、胆固醇、胆固醇酯和角鲨烯的复杂混合物。皮脂参与表皮发育和屏障维持,运输抗氧化剂,作用于机械保护、体味和外激素的产生。皮脂直接参与荷尔蒙信号、表皮分化以及防止紫外线(UV)辐射。其有助于降低皮肤水分流失并且调节天然皮肤微生物丛的组成和增殖。
存在两类皮脂腺,在毛皮脂单位中与毛囊相连的皮脂,以及独立存在的皮脂。头皮皮脂腺过量产生皮脂导致油性毛发,其被认为是一个的美观问题。许多药制洗发香波和洗液形式的化妆处理旨在平缓头皮的过渡皮脂分泌。然而,化妆品公司始终在寻找新的产品,尤其是由自然成分得到的产品。皮脂溢参与头屑的产生,头屑是一种头皮失调,特征在于片状的丰富松散的贴片,通常伴随着瘙痒。头皮的加重脱屑可演变为脂溢性皮炎,其为伴随炎症和红斑的一种严重头屑。头屑和脂溢性皮炎的病因似乎取决于三个因素:皮脂腺分泌物、微生物丛代谢、以及个体易感性。因此调节皮脂分泌是防止头屑和脂溢性皮炎的关键问题;本发明特别涉及该问题。
皮脂腺的不良亢进也会在身体的其他区域出现,尤其是面部。皮脂的过量产生使皮肤具备油腻并且不美观的外表(油性皮肤)并且促进其他轻微瑕疵,如黑头粉刺。在有些情况下,在存在过量皮脂下会出现更严重的失调,如痤疮,其为一种皮肤病,特征在于毛囊和所附皮脂腺的发炎过程。痤疮丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes)被认为是痤疮感染剂。
痤疮丙酸杆菌是生存于毛囊和毛孔深处的兼性厌氧菌,使用皮脂、细胞碎片和周围细胞组织的代谢副产物作为其主要能量和营养源。活跃皮脂腺的皮脂过多产生或毛囊堵塞能够促进痤疮丙酸杆菌增殖,引起痤疮特征的脓包发炎(青春痘)。因此,化妆品工业亟需能够抑制皮脂分泌的化合物,尤其是该活性与抗炎性能相结合。
最后,能够调节皮脂分泌的化合物也可用于私密卫生清洁产品,因为女性外生殖器有许多皮脂腺。阴阜、大阴唇、小阴唇和阴道前庭的外侧都含有大量皮脂腺,其皮脂分泌与细菌菌丛相互作用,调节生殖器部位的pH。新鲜皮脂不含有大量自由脂肪酸,但是由于细菌产生的脂肪酶的作用释放脂肪酸,导致生殖环境酸化。因此调节皮脂代表了防止外阴菌群的改变、刺激、瘙痒的重要条件。
本发明感兴趣的身体护理的另一个方面是调节皮下组织中的皮下脂肪细胞。调节脂肪代谢对于对于改善个体外貌同样十分重要。许多人遭受了脂肪过量堆积的困扰,不仅在其外观和社会关系,也在其健康和预期寿命上产生严重后果。在这方面,除了严格的瘦身食谱、疲劳运动、或危险并且侵入干预的美容手术,几乎没有其他解决方案。此外,标准体重的人群也会受到在身体特定区域的位于皮肤皮下组织脂肪沉积的影响。橘皮组织(Cellulite),例如,被认为是与这种不均匀的脂肪代谢相关的典型问题,科学上被定义为“脂肪代谢障碍”或“水肿‐胶原纤维硬化”。目前几乎没有化妆处理可用于减少皮下脂肪层,也被称为皮下组织。腹部脂肪的过量堆积是另一个典型的美观问题。因此化妆品工业对于研发防止脂肪在体内一般堆积以及促进皮下组织中脂肪分解有效的化合物特别感兴趣。
然而,当存在过多脂肪组织时,脂肪组织通常与美学问题相关,也可以代表改善外观的一种宝贵资源。事实上,适量的皮下脂肪可以为某些身体部位赋予想要的圆润度或膨胀度。当有人想要大幅重塑其身体时,他们选择整形手术以通过注射或自体移植干预得到脂肪的重新分布。这使得,例如胸部或臀部体积得到相对增大,但是也可以采用这类干预措施从而得到面部特定部分,如嘴唇和颧骨的适度修整。在面部区域的干预措施可以,作为一种替代,通过采用一些天然填料,如胶原或透明质酸的微注射进行,从而重建年轻肌肤典型的丰满度和饱满度。然而,与这类手术相关的皮肤问题已经被认为是衰老的典型影响并应当优选通过防止或延迟它们的出现来处理。事实上,目前接受的是皮下脂肪组织的消耗,也已知为脂肪萎缩,在皮肤衰老中起着相应作用。具备正常脂肪代谢的人群中,衰老大幅改变了体内脂肪的自然分布,提高的内脏周围沉积并且抑制了皮下层的代谢,尤其是面部、臂部和腿部。
当然,皮下脂肪层(皮下组织)的减少,极大地促进了皮肤外观的改变并且在身体轮廓中,尤其是面部产生不良改变。尽管如前所述整形手术提供了一些解决这类问题的重要方法,大部分人不想进行这类昂贵并且有风险的干预措施,如不想要的反应或不满意的结果。因此化妆品工业对于研发延缓皮下脂肪生理性减少的天然成分特别感兴趣。
因此本发明解决的问题是提供由可再生资源,优选植物源得到的高度活性成分,其可以影响皮脂腺代谢并且适用于防止、抵抗和治愈与皮脂腺代谢相关的人类皮肤和毛发的各种功能障碍。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的涉及一种含有缬草提取物或其衍生物组合物,特别是一种药物组合物并且优选一种药物。
本发明的其他实施方案包括用于防止或治疗
●人类皮肤和/或毛发功能障碍,
●过量皮脂生成导致的头皮失调,
●头皮屑,
●脂溢性皮炎,
●痤疮,
●粉刺,
●皮下脂肪的代谢失调
的含有缬草提取物或其衍生物的药物,
在一个优选实施方案中这些药物中的缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。提取物或衍生物的含量为约0.000001至约20%,更特别是0.5至4%体重量,并且优选约1至约2%体重量——基于药物总量计。
令人惊异地观察到缬草提取物和其衍生物,特别是缬草烯酸和/或戊酸,优选摩尔比例为约10:90至约90:10,更优选约25:75至75:25并且最优选约40:60至约60:40,作为皮脂生成调节剂通过施加相对活性影响皮脂腺代谢并通过调节脂肪生成影响皮下脂肪代谢。
本发明是针对研发天然成分或提取物的大量研究工作的结果,所述天然制剂或提取物适用于为上述一些皮肤问题提供天然并且安全的解决方案。
下文示例给出的实验结果已经表明缬草提取物及其衍生物可以显著减少皮脂生成,是抵抗皮脂过量生成以及相关美观问题以及皮肤和毛囊失调的有效活性剂。
在具备皮下组织的离体全层皮片样本上进行的不同实验已经证明相同的化合物同样可以调节脂肪细胞代谢。
缬草提取物及其衍生物,特别是缬草烯酸和/或戊酸,是适用于化妆和治疗目的的皮质生成和脂肪生成调节剂的混合物或化合物。
含有缬草提取物的药物
缬草是通常用于治疗焦虑和失眠的草药。活性提取物可以从整个植物得到,但是活性化合物特别集中在其根部。已知缬草的镇静和抗焦虑作用是由于其含有对γ-胺基丁酸(GABA)受体有活性的化合物。GABA是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的主要抑制性神经递质。存在三种主要的GABA受体,被称为GABAA、GABAB和GABAC。GABAA和GABAC受体是低聚Cl‐通道,而GABAB受体是与G-蛋白结合的跨膜受体并且激活调节Ca2+和K+离子通道的第二信使系统。GABA和其受体之间的结合终止于GABA氨基转移酶(GABA‐T)介导的神经递质分解,其中GABA‐T催化4-氨基丁酸和2-氧戊二酸盐转化为琥珀酸半醛和谷氨酸盐。
有意思的是,缬草提取物含有至少两种显著参与突触后反应的化合物:
(i)缬草烯酸(VA),其作为GABAA受体的别构调节物,和
(ii)戊酸(PA),其抑制GABA‐T活性,延长GABA在其受体上的活性。
戊酸也已知为丁烷-1-羧酸、缬草酸。
缬草提取物也含有其他具备与缬草烯酸类似生物活性的化合物:例如羟基缬草烯酸和乙酰基缬草烯酸。具备相似活性的衍生物也包括由所述酸与低脂肪醇结合得到的酯,其代表特别是戊酸乙酯和戊酸戊酯。
缬草烯酸(VA)是缬草中最有活性的化合物之一。已经证明VA的抗焦虑作用由GABAA受体调节(Khom et al.,2007,Neuropharmacology 53:178–187)。受体的β3亚单元是参与作用机制的特定分子区域。然而,缬草提取物和其成分的生物活性仍未完全已知。例如,它们表现出对五羟色胺受体(5‐HT5a)的显著亲和力,其已知通过g-蛋白偶联受体家族调节人脑中的醒睡周期和昼夜节律(Dietz et al.,2005,Molecular Brain Research 138:191–197)。
到目前为止,缬草提取物及其衍生物已经被用于许多化妆品应用,其中大部分作用机制仍然未知。WO 1997 036568A2(SMITH)公开了每日少量摄入缬草茶不可预期地观察到皮肤皱纹的减少。报道了水性缬草根提取物是用于改善皮肤外观的优选草药制剂。
在JP 61 215318A(SHISEIDO)中,缬草酸是制备用于防止皮肤褪色和减少UV-吸收性的组合物的建议成分。
另一方面,KR 10 0825 835B1(AMOREPACIFIC)也提出东北缬草(Valeriancoreana)提取物优异的皮肤美白和色素沉着抑制作用。
EP 1675564 A1(SCHWARZKOPF)公开了含有缬草提取物的组合物,用于清洁和舒缓使用者的皮肤。
CN 103 933 359 A(WANG PING PING)涉及用于消除疤痕的药用组合物,其含有缬草根。
缬草提取物在化妆品中的其他相关应用是毛发护理和防止脱发。JP 01 246211 A(POLA)提出由一些草本植物得到的提取物,包括由缬草根得到的提取物,作为活性制剂刺激发根的代谢并增强发根周围的血液循环。
JP 2005 200383 A(SHISEIDO)记载了新的含有草药衍生物,包括缬草油的毛发生长组合物。已知后者含有至多0.9%的缬草烯酸和1.2%的异缬草酸(Raal et al.,2007,Proc.Estonian Acad.Sci.Chem.56:67–74)。
有意思的是,当JP 60 146829 A(ROHTO PHARMA)公开了大量植物提取物,包括缬草的睾酮5-α还原酶抑制作用,在1985年提出了作为毛发保护剂的可能作用机理。
化妆用或皮肤病用组合物
本发明的另一个目的涉及含有缬草提取物或其衍生物和化妆用可接受载体的化妆用或皮肤病用组合物。优选地缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
优选地化妆用可接受载体选自组包括水、C1‐C4脂肪醇、多元醇或油体。脂肪醇的典型实例包括乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇和丁醇异构体。适当多元醇的实例包括甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇和二丙二醇。适当的油体在下文记载。
优选地所述组合物中缬草提取物或其衍生物的含量为约0.000001至约20%体重量,更优选0.2至约4%体重量并且最优选约0.5至约3%体重量——基于组合物总量计。
本发明优选的化妆用或皮肤病用组合物是个人护理、毛发护理、皮肤护理或防晒组合物,例如以霜剂、液剂、喷雾、膏剂、乳液、摩丝、泡沫或棒剂的形式。最优选地组合物为护肤霜、护肤液或洗发香波。
根据本发明的制剂可以含有研磨剂、抗痤疮剂、抗皮肤老化剂、抗蜂窝组织炎剂、去头屑剂、抗炎剂、防刺激剂、抑制刺激剂,抗氧化剂、收敛剂、抑汗剂、杀菌剂、抗静电剂、粘合剂、缓冲剂、载体、螯合剂、细胞刺激剂、清洗剂、护理剂、脱毛剂、表面活性物质、除臭剂、止汗剂、软化剂、乳化剂、酶、精油、纤维、成膜剂、固色剂、泡沫形成剂、泡沫稳定剂、消泡剂、泡沫促进剂、胶凝剂、凝胶形成剂、头发护理剂、毛发定型剂、头发拉直剂、保湿剂、增湿剂、润湿剂、漂白剂、加强剂、去污剂、光学增亮剂、浸溃剂、驱污剂、减摩剂、润滑剂、保湿霜、软膏、遮光剂、增塑剂、覆盖剂、上光剂、光泽剂、聚合物、粉末、蛋白质、加脂剂(re‐oilingagents)、磨蚀剂、硅酮、皮肤舒缓剂、皮肤清洁剂、护肤剂、皮肤愈合剂、皮肤光亮剂、皮肤保护剂、皮肤软化剂、育发剂、冷却剂、皮肤冷却剂、加温剂、皮肤升温剂、稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、UV滤光剂、洗涤剂、织物柔顺剂、助悬剂、皮肤美黑剂、增稠剂、维生素、油、蜡、脂肪、磷脂、饱和脂肪酸、单或多不饱和脂肪酸、α‐羟基酸、多羟基脂肪酸、液化剂、染料、颜色保护剂、颜料、防蚀剂、芳香物质、调味物质、芳香物质、多元醇、表面活性剂、电解质、有机溶剂或硅酮衍生物等作为额外助剂和添加剂。
表面活性剂
优选的助剂和添加剂是阴离子和/或两性或两性离子表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂的典型实例是肥皂、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷烃磺酸盐、烯烃磺酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐、甘油醚磺酸盐、甲酯磺酸盐、磺基脂肪酸、烷基硫酸盐、脂肪族醇醚硫酸盐、甘油醚硫酸盐、脂肪酸醚硫酸盐、羟基混合醚硫酸盐、单甘油酯(醚)硫酸盐、脂肪酸酰胺(醚)硫酸盐、单‐和二烷基磺基丁二酸盐、单‐和二烷基磺基琥珀酰胺酸盐、磺基甘油三酯、酰胺皂、醚羧酸及其盐、脂肪酸羟乙磺酸盐、脂肪酸肌氨酸盐、脂肪酸牛磺酸盐、N‐酰氨酸如,例如酰基乳酸盐、酰基酒石酸盐、酰基谷氨酸盐和酰基天冬氨酸盐、烷基低聚葡糖苷硫酸盐、蛋白质脂肪酸缩合物(特别是小麦基植物产品)和烷基(醚)磷酸盐。如果阴离子表面活性剂含有聚乙二醇醚链,则它们可具有常规的,但优选窄的同系物分布。两性或两性离子表面活性剂的典型实例为烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、氨基丙酸盐、氨基甘氨酸盐、咪唑啉甜菜碱和磺基甜菜碱。所述表面活性剂均为已知化合物。其结构和制备信息可见于相关概要著作,例如J.Falbe(ed.),“Surfactants in Consumer Products”,Springer Verlag,Berlin,1987,pages 54to124or J.Falbe(ed.),“Katalysatoren,Tenside und(Catalysts,Surfactants and Mineral Oil Additives)”,Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1978,pages123‐217。表面活性剂在制剂中的百分比含量为0.1至10重量%,并且优选0.5至5重量%,基于制剂计。
油体
适当的油体,其为O/W乳液的成分,是例如基于含有6至18个,优选8至10个碳原子的Guerbet醇,直链C6‐C22‐脂肪酸与直链或支链C6‐C22‐脂肪族醇的酯或支链C6‐C13‐羧酸与直链或支链C6‐C22‐脂肪族醇的酯,如例如肉豆蔻酸十四烷酯、棕榈酸十四烷酯、硬脂酸十四烷酯、异硬脂酸十四烷酯、油酸十四烷酯、山嵛酸十四烷酯、芥酸十四烷酯、肉豆蔻酸十六烷酯、棕榈酸十六烷酯、硬脂酸十六烷酯、异硬脂酸十六烷酯、油酸十六烷酯、山嵛酸十六烷酯、芥酸十六烷酯、肉豆蔻酸十八烷酯、棕榈酸十八烷酯、硬脂酸十八烷酯、异硬脂酸十八烷酯、油酸十八烷酯、山嵛酸十八烷酯、芥酸十八烷酯、肉豆蔻酸异十八烷酯、棕榈酸异十八烷酯、硬脂酸异十八烷酯、异硬脂酸异十八烷酯、油酸异十八烷酯、山嵛酸异十八烷酯、油酸异十八烷酯、油醇肉豆蔻酸酯、棕榈酸油醇酯、油醇硬脂酸酯、油醇异硬脂酸酯、油酸油醇酯、山嵛酸油醇酯、芥酸油醇酯、肉豆蔻酸二十二烷酯、棕榈酸二十二烷酯、硬脂酸二十二烷酯、异硬脂酸二十二烷酯、油酸二十二烷酯、山嵛酸二十二烷酯、芥酸二十二烷酯、肉豆蔻酸芥醇酯、棕榈酸芥醇酯、硬脂酸芥醇酯、异硬脂酸芥醇酯、油酸芥醇酯、山嵛酸芥醇酯和芥酸芥醇酯。此外适当的是直链C6‐C22‐脂肪酸与支链醇,特别是2‐乙基己醇的酯、C18‐C38‐烷基羟基羧酸与直链或支链C6‐C22‐脂肪族醇的酯,特别是苹果酸二辛酯、直链和/或支链脂肪酸与多元醇(如例如丙二醇、二聚二元醇(Dimerdiol)或三聚三元醇(Trimertriol))和/或Guerbet醇的酯、基于C6‐C10‐脂肪酸的甘油三酯、基于C6‐C18‐脂肪酸的液态单‐/二‐/三酸甘油酯混合物、C6‐C22‐脂肪族醇和/或Guerbet醇与芳族羧酸,特别是苯甲酸的酯、C2‐C12‐二羧酸与具有1至22个碳原子的直链或支链醇或者具有2至10个碳原子和2至6个羟基的多元醇的酯、植物油、支链伯醇、取代环己烷、直链和支链C6‐C22‐脂肪族醇的碳酸酯,如例如碳酸二辛酯(CC)、基于具有6至18个优选8至10个碳原子的脂肪族醇的Guerbet碳酸酯、苯甲酸与直链和/或支链C6‐C22‐醇的酯(例如TN)、每个烷基具有6至22个碳原子的直链或支链、对称或非对称的二烷基醚,如例如二辛酰基醚(OE)、环氧化脂肪酸酯与多元醇的开环产物、硅油(环聚二甲基硅氧烷、硅酮甲基硅油等级等)和/或脂肪烃或环烷烃,如例如角鲨烷、角鲨烯或二烷基环己烷。
乳化剂
也可以将其他表面活性剂加入制剂作为乳化剂,包括例如
●2至30摩尔环氧乙烷和/或0至5摩尔环氧丙烷与直链C8‐22脂肪族醇、与C12‐22脂肪酸、与烷基中具有8‐15个碳原子的烷基苯酚的加成产物;
●1至30摩尔环氧乙烷在甘油上的加成产物的C12/18脂肪酸单酯和二酯;
●含有6至22个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪酸甘油单酯和二酯和脱水山梨糖醇单酯和二酯和它们的环氧乙烷加成产物;
●15至60摩尔环氧乙烷与蓖麻油和/或氢化蓖麻油的加成产物;
●多元醇酯,尤其是聚甘油酯例如,聚甘油聚蓖麻醇酸酯、聚甘油聚‐12‐羟基硬脂酸酯或聚甘油二聚合油异硬脂酸酯。同样适用的是多个这类化合物的混合物;
●2至15摩尔环氧乙烷与蓖麻油和/或氢化蓖麻油的加成产物;
●基于直链、支链、不饱和或饱和C6/22脂肪酸、蓖麻油酸以及12‐羟基硬脂酸和甘油、聚甘油、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、糖醇(例如山梨糖醇)、烷基葡糖苷(例如:甲基葡糖苷、丁基葡糖苷、月桂基葡糖苷)以及多葡糖苷(例如纤维素)的偏酯;
●磷酸单‐、二‐和三烷酯类以及磷酸单‐、二‐和/或三‐PEG烷酯类及其盐;
●羊毛蜡醇类;
●聚硅氧烷/聚烷基聚醚共聚物及相应衍生物;
●季戊四醇、脂肪酸、柠檬酸和脂肪族醇的混合脂和/或C6‐22脂肪酸、甲基葡萄糖和多元醇,优选丙三醇或聚甘油的混合脂;
●聚二醇类以及
●碳酸甘油酯。
环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷与脂肪族醇、脂肪酸和烷基酚的加成产物,脂肪酸或蓖麻油的甘油单酯和二酯和脱水山梨糖醇单酯和二酯是市场上可以买到的产品。在这里是指同系混合物,其平均烷氧基化度相当于进行加成反应的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷和基质的用量比例。环氧乙烷与甘油加成产物的C12/18脂肪酸单酯和二酯已知用作化妆制剂的富脂剂。优选的乳化剂在下文详细列出:
偏甘油酯。适当的偏甘油酯的典型实例是羟基硬脂酸单甘油酯、羟基硬脂酸二甘油酯、异硬脂酸单甘油酯、异硬脂酸二甘油酯、油酸单甘油酯、油酸二甘油酯、蓖麻酸单甘油酯、蓖麻酸二甘油酯、亚油酸单甘油酯、亚油酸二甘油酯、亚油酸单甘油酯、亚油酸二甘油酯、芥酸单甘油酯、芥酸二甘油酯、酒石酸单甘油酯、酒石酸二甘油酯、柠檬酸单甘油酯、柠檬酸二甘油酯、苹果酸单甘油酯、苹果酸二甘油酯及其仍含有少量源自生产过程的甘油三酯的技术混合物。1至30且优选5至10摩尔环氧乙烷与上述偏甘油酯的加成产物同样适当。
脱水山梨醇酯。适当的脱水山梨醇酯是脱水山梨醇单异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇二异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇三异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二油酸酯、脱水山梨醇三油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单芥酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半芥酸酯、脱水山梨醇二芥酸酯、脱水山梨醇三芥酸酯、脱水山梨醇单蓖麻酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半蓖麻酸酯、脱水山梨醇二蓖麻酸酯、脱水山梨醇三蓖麻酸酯、脱水山梨醇单羟基硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半羟基硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇二羟基硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇三羟基硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇单酒石酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半酒石酸酯、脱水山梨醇二酒石酸酯、脱水山梨醇三酒石酸酯、脱水山梨醇单柠檬酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半柠檬酸酯、脱水山梨醇二柠檬酸酯、脱水山梨醇三柠檬酸酯、脱水山梨醇单马来酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半马来酸酯、脱水山梨醇二马来酸酯、脱水山梨醇三马来酸酯及其技术混合物。1至30且优选5至10摩尔环氧乙烷与上述脱水山梨醇酯的加成产物同样适当。
聚甘油酯。适当的聚甘油酯的典型实例是聚甘油‐2二聚羟基硬脂酸酯(PGPH)、聚甘油‐3‐二异硬脂酸酯(TGI)、聚甘油‐4异硬脂酸酯(GI 34)、聚甘油‐3油酸酯、聚甘油‐3二异硬脂酸酯(PDI)、聚甘油‐3甲基葡糖二硬脂酸酯(Tego450)、聚甘油‐3蜂蜡(Cera)、聚甘油‐4癸酸酯(聚甘油癸酸酯T2010/90)、聚甘油‐3鲸蜡基醚(NL)、聚甘油‐3二硬脂酸酯(GS 32)和聚甘油聚蓖麻酸酯(WOL 1403)、聚甘油二异硬脂酸(polyglyceryl dimerate isostearate)酯及其混合物。其它适当的多元醇酯的实例是任选与1至30摩尔环氧乙烷反应的月桂酸、椰油酸、牛油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、山嵛酸等与三羟甲基丙烷或季戊四醇的单酯、二酯和三酯。
阴离子乳化剂。典型的阴离子乳化剂是C12‐22脂肪酸,如例如棕榈酸、硬脂酸或山嵛酸,以及C12‐22二羧酸,如例如壬二酸或癸二酸。
两性乳化剂。其他适当的乳化剂是两性或两性离子表面活性剂。两性离子表面活性剂是分子中含有至少一个季铵基团和至少一个羧酸酯基团和一个磺酸酯基团的表面活性化合物。特别适当的两性离子表面活性剂为所谓的甜菜碱,如N‐烷基‐N,N‐二甲基甘氨酸铵,例如椰油烷基二甲基甘氨酸铵、N‐酰胺基丙基‐N,N‐二甲基甘氨酸铵,例如椰油酰胺基丙基二甲基甘氨酸铵、和烷基或酰基中具有8‐18个碳原子的2‐烷基‐3‐羧甲基‐3‐羟乙基咪唑啉和椰油酰胺基乙基羟乙基羧甲基甘氨酸盐。特别优选已知CTFA名为椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的脂肪酸酰胺衍生物。同样适当的乳化剂为两性表面活性剂。两性表面活性剂是除了C8/18烷基或酰基外,分子中还含有至少一个游离氨基和至少一个‐COOH或‐SO3H基团且能形成内盐的表面活性化合物。适当的两性表面活性剂的实例为烷基中具有约8‐18个碳原子的N‐烷基甘氨酸、N‐烷基丙酸、N‐烷基氨基丁酸、N‐烷基亚氨基二丙酸、N‐羟乙基‐N‐烷基酰胺基丙基甘氨酸、N‐烷基牛磺酸、N‐烷基肌氨酸、2‐烷基氨基丙酸和烷基氨基乙酸。特别优选的两性表面活性剂为N‐椰油烷基氨基丙酸酯、椰油酰胺基乙基氨基丙酸酯和C12/18酰基肌氨酸。
富脂剂和稠度因子
富脂剂可以选自物质如,例如羊毛脂和卵磷脂以及聚乙氧基化或酰基化羊毛脂和卵磷脂衍生物、多元醇脂肪酸酯、单甘油酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺,其中脂肪酸烷醇酰胺也可用作泡沫稳定剂。
使用的主要稠度因子是含有12至22个并且优选16至18个碳原子的脂肪族醇或羟基脂肪族醇以及偏甘油酯、脂肪酸或羟基脂肪酸。优选使用这些物质与烷基寡葡萄糖苷和/或相同链长的脂肪酸N‐甲基葡糖酰胺和/或聚甘油聚‐12‐羟基硬脂酸酯的结合物。
增稠剂和流变添加剂
适当的增稠剂是聚合物增稠剂,如Aerosil‐类(亲水性二氧化硅)、多糖,更特别是黄原胶、瓜尔胶、琼脂、藻酸盐和纤基乙酸钠(tyloses)、羧甲基纤维素和羟乙基和羟丙基纤维素、以及脂肪酸的相对高分子量聚乙二醇单酯和二酯、聚丙烯酸酯(例如[Goodrich]或[Sigma])、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、表面活性剂如,例如乙氧基化脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸与多元醇,如季戊四醇或三羟甲基丙烷的酯、窄同系物分布的脂肪族醇乙氧基化物和电解质,如氯化钠和氯化铵。
聚合物
适当的阳离子聚合物是例如阳离子纤维素衍生物,例如由Amerchol得到商品名为Polymer JR的季铵化羟乙基纤维素、阳离子淀粉、二烯丙基铵盐和丙烯酰胺的共聚物、季铵化乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙烯基咪唑聚合物如,例如(BASF)、聚乙二醇类和胺类的缩合产物、季铵化胶原多肽如,例如月桂基二甲基铵羟丙基水解胶原(L,Grünau)、季铵化小麦多肽、聚乙烯亚胺、阳离子硅氧烷聚合物,例如氨基二甲聚硅氧烷(amodimethicone)、己二酸和二甲基氨基羟丙基二亚乙基三胺的共聚物(Sandoz)、丙烯酸与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的共聚物(550,Chemviron)、聚氨基聚酰胺及其交联水溶性聚合物、阳离子角质素衍生物例如任选以微晶分布的季铵化壳聚糖、二卤代烷基如二溴丁烷与双二烷基胺的缩合产物,例如双‐二甲基氨基‐1,3‐丙烷、阳离子瓜尔胶,例如Celanese的CBS、C‐17、C‐16、季铵盐聚合物如,例如Miranol的A‐15、AD‐1、AZ‐1以及各种聚季铵盐类(例如6、7、32或37),其以商品名CC或300市售。
适当的阴离子、两性离子、两性和非离子聚合物是例如,乙酸乙烯酯/巴豆酸共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯/马来酸丁酯/丙烯酸异冰片酯共聚物、甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物及其酯、未交联的和与多元醇交联的聚丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酸酯共聚物、辛基丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯/甲基丙烯酸2‐羟丙酯共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/乙烯基己内酰胺三元共聚物和任选衍生的纤维素醚和硅氧烷。
珠光蜡
适当的珠光蜡是例如,烷二醇酯,尤其是乙二醇二硬脂酸酯;脂肪酸烷醇酰胺,尤其是椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺;偏甘油酯,尤其是硬脂酸单甘油酯;多元、任选羟基取代的羧酸与具有6‐22个碳原子的脂肪族醇的酯,尤其是酒石酸的长链酯;具有总计至少24个碳原子的脂肪物质,如例如脂肪族醇、脂肪酮、脂肪醛、脂肪醚和脂肪碳酸酯,尤其是月桂酮和二硬脂醚;脂肪酸如硬脂酸、羟基硬脂酸或山嵛酸、具有12‐22个碳原子的环氧烯烃与具有12‐22个碳原子的脂肪族醇和/或具有2‐15个碳原子和2‐10个羟基的多元醇的开环产物、及其混合物。
硅氧烷化合物
适当的硅氧烷化合物是例如,二甲基聚硅氧烷、甲基苯基聚硅氧烷、环硅氧烷以及氨基、脂肪酸、醇、聚醚、环氧、氟、糖苷和/或烷基改性的硅氧烷化合物,在室温下它们可以是液态以及呈树脂态。其它适当的硅氧烷化合物是有机硅树脂,其为平均链长为200至300个二甲基硅氧烷单元的二甲基硅油与氢化硅酸盐的混合物。适当的挥发硅氧烷化合物的详细介绍见于Todd et al.in Cosm.Toil.91,27(1976)。
蜡和稳定剂
除了使用的天然油,制剂中还可以含有蜡,尤其是天然蜡例如,小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、日本蜡、芦华草腊(espartograss wax)、软木蜡、小冠椰子腊(guaruma wax)、米糠油蜡、糖甘蔗蜡、小冠巴西棕蜡(ouricury wax)、褐煤蜡、蜂蜡、紫胶蜡(shellac wax)、鲸蜡、羊毛脂(wool wax)、尾脂脂肪(uropygial fat)、(纯)地蜡、地蜡(石蜡)、凡士林、石油蜡和微蜡;化学改性的蜡类(硬蜡类)如例如,褐煤酯蜡(montan ester waxes)、沙索蜡(sasolwaxes)、氢化霍霍巴蜡(jojoba waxes)以及合成蜡类如例如聚亚烷基蜡类和聚乙二醇蜡类。
作为稳定剂可以使用脂肪酸的金属盐,如例如硬脂酸或蓖麻酸镁、铝和/或锌盐。
主要防晒剂
在本发明中主要防晒剂是,例如在室温下是液态或结晶的有机物质(光过滤物质),其能够吸收紫外辐射并又以长波辐射的形式释放吸收的能量,例如热量。
根据本发明的制剂有利地含有至少一种UV‐A过滤物质和/或至少一种UV‐B过滤物质和/或宽带过滤物质和/或至少一种无机染料。根据本发明的制剂优选含有至少一种UV‐B过滤物质或一种宽带过滤物质,更特别是至少一种UV‐A过滤物质和至少一种UV‐B过滤物。
优选的化妆品组合物,优选根据本发明的局部制剂含有一种、两种、三种或多种防晒剂,选自组包括4‐氨基苯甲酸及衍生物,水杨酸衍生物、二苯酮衍生物、二苯酰甲烷衍生物、丙烯酸二苯酯、3‐咪唑基‐4‐基丙烯酸及其酯、苯并呋喃衍生物、丙二酸亚苄酯衍生物、含有一个或多个有机硅自由基的聚合UV吸收剂、肉桂酸衍生物、樟脑衍生物、三苯胺基‐s‐三嗪衍生物、2‐羟基苯基苯并三唑衍生物、苯基苯并咪唑磺酸衍生物及其盐、邻氨基苯甲酸薄荷酯、苯并三唑衍生物和吲哚衍生物。
此外,有利地将式(I)的化合物与活性成分结合,所述活性成分渗透进入皮肤并由内保护细胞免受阳光导致的损害并降低皮肤基质金属蛋白酶水平。WO 2007/128723记载了被称为芳香烃受体拮抗剂的各个优选成分,并在此引用。优选的是2‐亚苄基‐5,6‐二甲氧基‐3,3‐二甲基茚满‐1‐酮。
下文引用的可在本发明中使用的UV过滤物质是优选的,但不限于这些物质。
优选使用的UV过滤物质选自组包括:
●对氨基苯甲酸
●乙氧基化(25mol)对氨基苯甲酸乙酯(INCI名称:PEG‐25PABA)
●对二甲基氨基苯甲酸‐2‐乙基己酯
●N‐丙氧基化(2mol)对氨基苯甲酸乙酯
●对氨基苯甲酸甘油酯
●三乙醇胺水杨酸酯
●水杨酸4‐异丙基苄酯
●二异丙基肉桂酸乙酯
●二异丙基肉桂酸甲酯
●对甲氧基肉桂酸二乙醇胺盐
●对甲氧基肉桂酸异丙酯
●3‐(4'‐三甲基铵)‐亚苄基‐莰基‐2‐酮硫酸甲酯
●β‐咪唑‐4(5)‐丙烯酸(尿刊酸)
●3‐(4'‐磺基)亚苄基‐莰基‐2‐酮和盐
●3‐亚苄基‐D,L‐樟脑
●N‐[(2和4)‐[2‐(氧代亚冰片‐3‐基)甲基]苄基]‐丙烯酰胺聚合物
●甘油基乙基己酸二甲氧基肉桂酸酯
●双丙二醇水杨酸酯
在本发明的制剂中优选与一种或多种式(I)的化合物结合的宽波过滤物质选自组包
●2‐氰基‐3,3'‐二苯基丙烯酸乙酯
●2‐羟基‐4‐甲氧基二苯甲酮‐5‐磺酸
●二羟基‐4‐甲氧基二苯甲酮
●2,4‐二羟基二苯甲酮
●四羟基二苯甲酮
●2,2'‐二羟基‐4,4'‐二甲氧基二苯甲酮
●2‐羟基‐4‐正辛氧基二苯甲酮
●2‐羟基‐4‐甲氧基‐4'‐甲基二苯甲酮
●羟基甲氧基二苯甲酮磺酸钠
●2,2'‐二羟基‐4,4'‐二甲氧基‐5,5'‐二磺基‐二苯甲酮二钠
●2,4‐二‐[4‐(2‐乙基己氧基)‐2‐羟苯基]‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{(4‐(3‐磺酸基)‐2‐羟基丙氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐(4‐甲氧基苯基)‐1,3,5‐三嗪钠盐
●2,4‐二‐[{(3‐(2‐丙氧基)‐2‐羟基丙氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐(4‐甲氧基苯基)‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{4‐(2‐乙基己氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐[4‐(2‐甲氧乙基羰基)苯基氨基]‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{4‐(3‐(2‐丙氧基)‐2‐羟基丙氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐[4‐(2‐乙基羰基)苯基氨基]‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{4‐(2‐乙基己氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐(1‐甲基吡咯‐2‐基)‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{4‐三‐(三甲基硅氧基甲硅烷基丙氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐(4‐甲氧基苯基)‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{4‐(2″‐甲基丙氧烯基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐(4‐甲氧基苯基)‐1,3,5‐三嗪
●2,4‐二‐[{4‐(1′,1′,1′,3′,5′,5′,5′‐七甲基硅氧基‐2″‐甲基丙氧基)‐2‐羟基}苯基]‐6‐(4‐甲氧基苯基)‐1,3,5‐三嗪
组合物还可以含有其他典型的洗涤剂和清洁剂组合物成分如UV‐A过滤物质,其在本发明的制剂中优选与一种或多种式(I)的化合物结合,选自组包括
●4‐异丙基二苯甲酰甲烷
●2,2′‐(1,4‐亚苯基)‐二‐(1H‐苯并咪唑‐4,6‐二磺酸),一钠盐
●根据DE 100 55 940 A1(=WO 2002038537)的茚满亚基化合物
组合物还可以含有其他典型的洗涤剂和清洁剂组合物成分如UV过滤物质,其在本发明的制剂中优选与一种或多种式(I)的化合物结合,选自组包括
●对氨基苯甲酸
●3‐(4'‐三甲基铵)‐亚苄基莰基‐2‐酮硫酸甲酯
●3‐(4'‐磺基)亚苄基‐莰基‐2‐酮和盐
●N‐[(2和4)‐[2‐(氧代亚冰片‐3‐基)甲基]苄基]‐丙烯酰胺聚合物
●乙氧基化(25mol)对氨基苯甲酸乙酯(INCI名称:PEG‐25PABA)
●4,4’‐[(6‐[4‐(1,1‐二甲基)‐氨基羰基)苯基氨基]‐1,3,5‐三嗪‐2,4‐二基)二亚氨基]‐二‐(苯甲酸2‐乙基己基酯)(Uvasorb HEB)
●3‐亚苄基‐樟脑
●4‐二甲基氨基苯甲酸‐2‐乙基己酯(Padimate O)
●羟基‐4‐甲氧基二苯甲酮‐5‐磺酸和钠盐
●根据DE 100 55 940(=WO 02/38537)的茚满亚基化合物。
有利的主要以及二级防晒剂记载于WO 2005 123101 A1。有利地这些制剂含有至少一种UVA过滤物质和/或至少一种UVB过滤物质和/或至少一种无机颜料。该制剂在本发明中可以各种形式存在,如通常用于防晒制剂的形式。因此,它们的形式可以为溶液、油包水型(W/O)或水包油型(O/W)乳剂或多重乳剂,例如水包油包水型(W/O/W)乳剂、凝胶、水分散体、固体棒或气雾剂。
在另一个优选实施方案中本发明的制剂含有遮光剂,即,特别是UV过滤物质和/或无机颜料(UV过滤颜料)的总量能够使本发明的制剂具备大于或等于2的光照防护系数(优选大于或等于5)。本发明的该制剂特别适用于保护皮肤和头发。
二级防晒剂
除了上述主要防晒剂组,也可以使用抗氧化剂型的二级防晒剂。抗氧化剂型的二级防晒剂阻断了当紫外线渗透进入皮肤时引发的光化学反应链。典型实例是氨基酸类(例如甘氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸)及其衍生物、咪唑类(例如尿刊酸)及其衍生物、肽类例如D,L‐肌肽、D‐肌肽,L‐肌肽及其衍生物(例如鹅肌肽)、类胡萝卜素类、胡萝卜素类(例如α‐胡萝卜素、β‐胡萝卜素、番茄红素)及其衍生物、氯原酸及其衍生物、硫辛酸及其衍生物(例如二氢硫辛酸)、金硫葡糖、丙基硫氧嘧啶和其他硫醇(例如硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、胱胺及其糖基、N‐乙酰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、戊基、丁基和月桂基、棕榈酰基、油烯基、α‐亚油酰基、胆甾醇基和其甘油酯)及其盐、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸双十八酯、硫代二丙酸及其衍生物(酯类、醚类、肽类、脂类、核苷酸类、核苷类和盐)以及非常低的耐药剂量的亚砜亚胺化合物(例如丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、同型半胱氨酸亚砜亚胺、丁硫氨酸砜、五‐、六‐和七‐硫氨酸亚砜亚胺)、以及(金属)螯合剂类(例如,α‐羟基脂肪酸类、棕榈酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白)、α‐羟基酸类(例如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸)、腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物、不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物(例如亚油酸、油酸)、叶酸及其衍生物、泛醌和泛醇及其衍生物、维生素C及其衍生物(例如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸磷酸镁、抗坏血酸乙酸酯)、生育酚及衍生物(例如维生素E乙酸酯)、维生素A及衍生物(维生素A棕榈酸酯)以及安息香树脂的苯甲酸松酯、芸香十烯酸及其衍生物、糖基芦丁、阿魏酸、亚糠基山梨醇、肌肽、丁基羟甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、去甲二氢愈创木酸木脂酸、去甲二氢愈创木酸、三羟基丁酰苯、尿酸及其衍生物、甘露糖及其衍生物、超氧化物歧化酶、二氧化钛(例如乙醇中的分散体)、锌及其衍生物(例如ZnO、ZnSO4)、硒及其衍生物(例如蛋氨酸硒)、芪类及其衍生物(例如均二苯乙烯氧化物、反‐均二苯乙烯氧化物)及这些活性化合物的适合本发明目的的衍生物(盐类、酯类、醚类、糖类、核苷酸类、核苷类、肽类和脂类)。
有利的无机二级光照防护颜料精细分散于金属氧化物和金属盐中,其记载于WO2005 123101 A1中。无机颜料,特别是疏水性无机微颜料,在本发明的最终化妆品制剂中的总量有利地是0.1至30重量%,优选0.5至10.0重量%,基于制剂总量计。
同样优选的是使用微粒状UV过滤物质或无机颜料,其可任选为疏水性的,如钛的氧化物(TiO2)、锌的氧化物(ZnO)、铁的氧化物(Fe2O3)、锆的氧化物(ZrO2)、硅的氧化物(SiO2)、镁的氧化物(例如MnO)、铝的氧化物(Al2O3)、铈的氧化物(例如Ce2O3)和/或其混合物。
调节皮肤和/或毛发色素沉着的活性物质
用于皮肤和/或毛发亮化的优选活性成分选自组包括:曲酸(5‐羟基‐2‐羟基甲基‐4‐吡喃酮)、曲酸衍生物,优选地曲酸二棕榈酸酯、熊果苷、抗坏血酸,抗坏血酸衍生物、优选地抗坏血酸磷酸镁、氢醌、氢醌衍生物、间苯二酚、间苯二酚衍生物,优选4‐烷基间苯二酚和4‐(1‐苯乙基)1,3‐间苯二酚(苯乙基间苯二酚)、环己基氨基甲酸酯类(优选WO 2010/122178和WO 2010/097480中公开的一种或多种氨基甲酸环己基酯类),含硫分子,优选地谷胱甘肽或半胱氨酸、α‐羟基酸类(优选柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸),其盐类和酯类、N‐乙酰基酪氨酸和衍生物、十一碳烯酰基苯基丙氨酸、葡萄糖酸、色酮衍生物,优选芦荟苦素、黄酮类化合物、1‐氨基乙基次膦酸、硫脲衍生物、鞣花酸、烟酰胺(niacinamide)、锌盐类,优选氯化锌或葡萄糖酸锌、崖柏素和衍生物、三萜类,优选山楂酸、甾醇类,优选地麦角甾醇、苯并呋喃酮类,优选川芎内酯、乙烯基愈疮木酚、乙基愈疮木酚、二酸类(dionic acids)、优选十八烯二酸和/或壬二酸,氮氧化物合成的抑制剂,优选地L‐硝基精氨酸及其衍生物、2,7‐二硝基吲唑或硫瓜氨酸、金属螯合剂(优选α‐羟基脂肪酸类、植酸、腐殖酸、胆酸、胆汁提取物、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物)、维甲酸类化合物、豆奶和提取物、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或硫辛酸或者用于皮肤和毛发亮化的其他合成或天然活性成分,后者优选地以取自植物的提取物的形式使用,优选熊果提取物、大米提取物、番木瓜提取物、姜黄提取物、桑果提取物、凉薯提取物、香附提取物、甘草根提取物或从其中浓缩或分离的组成成分,优选光甘草定或甘草查尔酮甲、桂木提取物、酸模属的提取物、松属(松树)的提取物、葡萄属的提取物或者从其中分离或浓缩的茋类衍生物、虎耳草提取物、黄芩提取物(scutelleria extract)、葡萄提取物和/或微藻提取物,尤其是四肩突四鞭藻提取物。
优选的作为成分(b)的皮肤亮白剂是作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的曲酸和苯乙基间苯二酚、β‐和α‐熊果苷、氢醌、烟酰胺、二酸、抗坏血酸磷酸镁和维生素C及其衍生物、桑果提取物、凉薯提取物、番木瓜提取物、姜黄提取物、香附提取物、甘草提取物(含有甘草甜素)、α‐羟基酸类、4‐烷基间苯二酚类、4‐羟基苯甲醚。由于具有非常好的活性,这些皮肤亮白剂是优选的,尤其是与根据本发明的香紫苏内酯组合。另外,所述优选的皮肤亮白剂可容易地得到。
在此方面有利的皮肤和毛发鞣制活性成分是酪氨酸酶的底物或底物类似物,如L‐酪氨酸、N‐乙酰基酪氨酸、L‐DOPA或L‐二羟基苯基丙氨酸、黄嘌呤生物碱类,如咖啡因、可可碱和茶碱及其衍生物、阿黑皮素原肽类,如ACTH、α‐MSH、其肽类似物、和与黑皮质素受体结合的其他物质、肽类如Val‐Gly‐Val‐Ala‐Pro‐Gly、Lys‐lle‐Gly‐Arg‐Lys或Leu‐Ile‐Gly‐Lys、嘌呤类、嘧啶类化合物、叶酸、铜盐类如葡萄糖酸铜、氯化铜或吡咯烷酸铜、1,3,4‐噁二唑‐2‐硫醇如5‐吡嗪‐2‐基‐1,3,4‐噁二唑‐2‐硫醇、姜黄素、锌二甘氨酸盐(Zn(GIy)2))、锰(II)二碳酸盐络合物(“pseudocat‐alases”),如例如EP 0584178中所描述、四取代的环己烯衍生物,例如WO2005/032501中所描述、异戊二烯萜类,如WO 2005/102252和WO2006/010661中所描述、黑色素衍生物诸如Melasyn‐100和MelanZe、二酰基丙三醇类、脂肪族或环状二醇类、补骨脂素类、前列腺素及其类似物、腺苷酸环化酶的活化剂和激活毛发黑色素小体转化成角蛋白细胞的化合物,如丝氨酸蛋白酶或PAR‐2受体激动剂、菊属的植物和植物部分的提取物、地榆属的植物和植物部分的提取物、核桃提取物、urucum提取物、大黄提取物、微藻提取物,尤其是球等鞭金藻、海藻糖、赤藓酮糖和二羟基丙酮。也可以使用引起皮肤和毛发染色或变褐色的黄酮类化合物(例如槲皮素、鼠李醚、山奈酚、漆黄素、染料木黄酮、黄豆苷元、白杨素和芹菜素、表儿茶素、香叶木苷和香叶木素、桑色素、槲皮苷、柚皮素、橙皮苷、根皮苷、根皮素)。
根据本发明的产品中用于对皮肤和毛发染色(一种或多种化合物)进行调整的其他活性成分的前述例子的量优选为0.00001至30重量%、更优选0.0001至20重量%,尤其优选0.001至5重量%,基于制剂总量计
抗衰老活性物
在本发明中抗衰老剂或生物活性剂是,例如抗氧化剂、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(MMPI)、皮肤保湿剂、粘多糖刺激剂(glycosaminglycan stimulkators)、抗炎剂、TRPV1拮抗剂和植物提取物。
抗氧化剂。适当的抗氧化剂包括氨基酸类(优选甘氨酸,组氨酸,酪氨酸,色氨酸)及其衍生物、咪唑类(优选尿刊酸)及其衍生物、肽类,优选D,L‐肌肽、D‐肌肽、L‐肌肽及其衍生物(优选鹅肌肽)、肉碱、肌酸、马曲金(matrikine)肽类(优选赖氨酰‐苏氨酰‐苏氨酰‐赖氨酰‐丝氨酸)和棕榈酰化五肽类、类胡萝卜素类、胡萝卜素类(优选α‐胡萝卜素、β‐胡萝卜素、番茄红素)及其衍生物、硫辛酸及其衍生物(优选二氢硫辛酸)、金硫葡萄糖、丙基硫氧嘧啶和其他硫醇(优选硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、胱胺和糖基、N‐乙酰基、甲基、乙基、丙基、戊基、丁基和月桂基、棕榈酰基、油烯基、γ‐亚油烯基、胆甾醇基、甘油基及其寡甘油酯)及其盐、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯、硫代二丙酸及其衍生物(优选酯类、醚类、肽类、脂类、核苷酸类、核苷类和盐)和非常低的耐药剂量(例如pmol至μmol/kg)的亚砜亚胺化合物(优选丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、同型半胱氨酸亚砜亚胺、丁硫氨酸砜、五‐、六‐和七‐硫氨酸亚砜亚胺)、以及(金属)螯合剂(优选α‐羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、植酸、乳铁蛋白)、α‐羟基酸(优选柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸)、腐殖酸、胆汁酸、胆汁提取物、单宁类、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物、不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物(优选γ‐亚麻酸,亚油酸,油酸)、叶酸及其衍生物、泛醌及其衍生物,泛醇及其衍生物、维生素C及衍生物(优选抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸磷酸镁、抗坏血酸基乙酸酯、抗坏血酸葡糖苷)、生育酚及衍生物(优选维生素E乙酸酯)、维生素A及衍生物(维生素A棕榈酸酯)以及安息香树脂的苯甲酸松酯、芸香十烯酸及其衍生物、黄酮类及其糖基化前体,特别是槲皮素及其衍生物,优选α‐葡糖基芦丁、迷迭香酸、鼠尾草酚、卡诺酸、白藜芦醇、咖啡酸及其衍生物、芥子酸及其衍生物、阿魏酸及其衍生物、姜黄素类、绿原酸及其衍生物、类视黄醇类,优选类视黄醇棕榈酸酯、视黄醇或维甲酸、乌索酸、乙酰丙酸、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、去二氢愈创木酸、去甲二氢愈创木酸、三羟基丁酰苯、尿酸及其衍生物、甘露糖及其衍生物、锌及其衍生物(优选ZnO、ZnSO4)、硒及其衍生物(优选硒蛋氨酸)、超氧化物歧化酶、二苯乙烯类及其衍生物(优选二苯乙烯氧化物、反式‐二苯乙烯氧化物)及这些引用的活性成分的适合本发明的衍生物(盐、酯类、醚类、糖类、核苷酸类、核苷类、肽类和脂类)或者具有抗氧化作用的植物的提取物或馏分,优选绿茶、路易波士(rooibos)茶、蜜树茶、葡萄、迷迭香、鼠尾草、蜜蜂花、百里香、薰衣草、橄榄、燕麦、可可、银杏、人参、甘草、金银花、苦参、葛根、松、柑橘、余甘子或St.John麦汁、葡萄籽、小麦胚芽、余甘子、辅酶,优选辅酶Q10、质体醌和甲基萘醌。优选的抗氧化剂选自组包括维生素A及衍生物,维生素C及衍生物,生育酚及衍生物,优选生育酚醋酸酯、以及泛醌。
如果将维生素E和/或其衍生物用作抗氧化剂,有利的是选择它们的浓度为约0.001至约10%体重量的范围内,基于配方总重量计。如果将维生素A或维生素A衍生物或者胡萝卜素类或其衍生物用作抗氧化剂,有利的是选择它们的浓度为约0.001至约10%体重量的范围内,基于配方总重量计。
基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂(MMPI)。优选的组合物包含基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂,尤其是那些抑制基质金属蛋白酶裂解胶原的抑制剂,选自组包括:熊果酸、视黄醇棕榈酸酯、没食子酸丙酯、早熟素类、6‐羟基‐7‐甲氧基‐2,2‐二甲基‐1(2H)‐苯并吡喃、3,4‐二氢‐6‐羟基‐7‐甲氧基‐2,2‐二甲基‐1(2H)‐苯并吡喃、盐酸苯甲脒、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂N‐乙基马来酰胺和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的ε‐氨基‐正己酸:苯基甲基磺酰基氟化物、collhibin(Pentapharm公司;INCI:水解大米蛋白)、oenotherol(Soliance公司;INCI:丙二醇、水、月见草根提取物、鞣花酸和鞣花单宁类,例如来自石榴的提取物)、磷酸阿米酮桧木醇、EDTA、加拉定(galardin)、Equistat(Collaborative Group公司;苹果提取物、大豆种子提取物、熊果酸、大豆异黄酮类和大豆蛋白类)、鼠尾草提取物、MDI(Atrium公司;INCI:粘多糖(glycosaminoglycans)),fermiskin(Silab/MAWI公司;INCI:水和香菇提取物)、actimp1.9.3(Expanscience/Rahn公司;INCI:水解羽扇豆蛋白),lipobelle大豆糖苷配基(Mibelle公司;INCI:醇、聚山梨醇酯80、卵磷脂和大豆异黄酮)、绿茶和黑茶提取物以及WO02069992A1中列出的其它植物提取物(见其中的表1‐12,通过引用并入本文)、大豆蛋白或大豆糖蛋白、来自大米、豌豆或羽扇豆的水解蛋白、抑制MMP的植物提取物,优选香菇提取物、蔷薇科、蔷薇亚科的叶提取物,特别是黑莓叶提取物(优选地,如WO2005123101A1中所述,通过引用并入本文),例如SymMatrix(Symrise公司,INCI:麦芽糖糊精、欧洲黑莓(RubusFruticosus)叶提取物)。优选的活性物质选自组包括视黄醇棕榈酸酯、熊果酸、蔷薇科、蔷薇亚科的叶提取物、染料木素和黄豆苷元。
皮肤保湿剂。优选的皮肤保湿剂选自组包括含有3至12个碳原子的烷二醇或烷三醇,优选C3‐C10‐烷二醇和C3‐C10‐烷三醇。更优选地,所述皮肤保湿剂选自组包括:甘油、1,2‐丙二醇、1,2‐丁二醇、1,3‐丁二醇、1,2‐戊二醇、1,2‐己二醇、1,2‐辛二醇和1,2‐癸二醇。
粘多糖刺激剂。优选的组合物含有刺激粘多糖合成的物质,选自组包括透明质酸和衍生物或盐,Subliskin(Sederma,INCI:苜蓿中华根瘤菌发酵滤液、十六烷基羟乙基纤维素、卵磷脂)、Hyalufix(BASF,INCI:水、丁二醇、高良姜叶提取物、黄原胶、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、Stimulhyal(Soliance,INCI:酮葡糖酸钙(Calciumketogluconate))、Syn‐Glycan(DSM,INCI:十四烷基氨基丁酸基缬氨酰氨基丁脲三氟乙酸酯(TetradecylAminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate)、甘油、氯化镁)、Kalpariane(Biotech Marine)、DC Upregulex(Distinctive Cosmetic成分,INCI:水、丁二醇、磷脂质类、水解丝胶蛋白)、葡萄糖胺、N‐乙酰基葡萄糖胺、类视黄醇类,优选视黄醇和维生素A、牛蒡果提取物、枇杷提取物、芫花素、N‐甲基‐L‐丝氨酸、(‐)‐α‐没药醇或合成的α‐没药醇,例如Symrise的Dragosantol和Dragosantol100、燕麦葡聚糖、松果菊提取物和大豆蛋白水解物。优选的活性物质选自组包括透明质酸和衍生物或盐、视黄醇和衍生物、(‐)‐α‐没药醇或合成的α‐没药醇,例如Symrise的Dragosantol和Dragosantol100、燕麦葡聚糖、松果菊提取物、苜蓿根瘤菌发酵滤液、酮葡糖酸钙、高良姜叶提取物和十四烷基氨基丁酸基缬氨酰氨基丁脲三氟醋酸酯。
抗炎剂。所述组合物还可含有抗炎和/或抗发红和/或瘙痒缓解成分,特别是,选自以下的皮质类固醇的甾类物质有利地用作抗炎活性成分或缓解发红和瘙痒的活性成分:皮质醇(hydrocortisone)、地塞美松、磷酸地塞美松、甲基脱氢皮质或可的松,还包括其它甾类抗炎剂。还可使用非甾类抗炎剂。本文可引用的实例为昔康类,如吡罗昔康或替诺昔康;水杨酸盐类如阿司匹林、双水杨酸(disalcid)、solprin或芬度柳;乙酸衍生物如双氯芬酸、氯芬酸、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、托美丁或clindanac;灭酸酯类如甲灭酸、甲氯灭酸、氟芬那酸或尼氟灭酸;丙酸衍生物如布洛芬、萘普生、苯恶洛芬或吡唑类如保泰松、羟保松、非普拉宗(febrazone)或阿扎丙宗。邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物,特别是WO 2004047833A1中描述的燕麦蒽酰胺(avenanthramides),为本发明的组合物中的优选的抗瘙痒成分。
同样有用的是天然或天然生成的抗炎物质混合物或缓解发红和/或瘙痒的物质混合物,特别是洋甘菊、芦荟、没药类、茜草类、柳树、柳叶菜、燕麦、金盏花、山金车、St John’s麦汁、金银花、迷迭香、西番莲、金缕梅、姜或紫锥菊的提取物或馏分;优选地选自组包括洋甘菊、芦荟、燕麦、金盏花、山金车、金银花、迷迭香、金缕梅、姜或紫锥菊的提取物或馏分、和/或纯物质,优选地α‐没药醇、芹黄素、芹黄素‐7‐葡萄糖苷、姜酚类、姜烯酚类、姜二醇类、脱氢姜二酮类、姜酮酚类(paradols)、天然或天然生成的燕麦蒽酰胺,优选曲尼司特(tranilast)、燕麦蒽酰胺A、燕麦蒽酰胺B、燕麦蒽酰胺C、非天然或非天然生成的燕麦蒽酰胺,优选二氢燕麦蒽酰胺D、二氢燕麦蒽酰胺E、燕麦蒽酰胺D、燕麦蒽酰胺E、燕麦蒽酰胺F、乳香脂酸、植物甾醇、甘草甜素、光甘草定和甘草查尔酮A;优选地,选自组包括α‐没药醇、天然燕麦蒽酰胺、非天然燕麦蒽酰胺,优选二氢燕麦蒽酰胺D(如WO2004047833A1中描述)、乳香脂酸、植物甾醇、甘草甜素、和甘草查尔酮A、和/或尿囊素、泛醇、羊毛脂、(假‐)神经酰胺类[优选神经酰胺2、羟丙基双棕榈酰胺MEA、十六基氧丙基甘油基甲氧基丙基十四酰胺、N‐(1‐十六酰)‐4‐羟基‐L‐脯氨酸(1‐十六基)酯、羟乙基棕榈基氧羟丙基棕榈酰胺]、鞘糖脂、植物甾醇、壳聚糖、甘露糖、乳糖和β‐葡聚糖,特别是燕麦的1,3‐1,4‐β‐葡聚糖。
当本发明的上下文中使用红没药醇时,它可以属于天然或合成来源,并且优选地是“α‐红没药醇”。优选地,所使用的红没药醇合成制备或者是天然(‐)‐α‐红没药醇和/或合成的混合异构体α‐红没药醇。如果使用天然(‐)‐α‐红没药醇,这也可以用作精油的或者植物提取物或其馏出物的成分,例如用作油的成分(馏出物)或甘菊或香子兰菊(尤其是香子兰菊erythropappa或香子兰菊arborea)的提取物的成分(馏出物)。合成α‐红没药醇,例如可以商品名称“Dragosantol”从Symrise公司获得。
在本发明的上下文中使用生姜提取物的情况下,优选新鲜或干燥生姜根的提取物是通过用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、二氧化碳(CO2)、己烷、二氯甲烷、氯仿或具有相当极性的其他溶剂或溶剂混合物的提取而制备。这些提取物的特征是存在活性皮肤刺激降低量的成分,例如姜辣素、姜烯酚、生姜二醇类、去氢生姜二酮和/或副姜油酮。
TRPV1拮抗剂。基于作为TRPV1拮抗剂的作用减轻皮肤神经过敏性的适当化合物包括例如WO2009087242A1中描述的反式‐4‐叔丁基环己醇,或者通过活化μ‐受体的TRPV1间接调节剂,例如乙酰基四肽‐15,是优选的。
角质剥离溶解剂。组合物也可含有约0.1至约30%体重量、优选地约0.5至约15%体重量、尤其优选地约1至约10%体重量的角质剥离溶解剂(组分b5),基于制剂总量计。词语“角质剥离溶解剂(desquamating agent)”被理解成表示能够起以下作用的任何化合物:
●通过促进剥离而直接地作用于角质剥离,如β‐羟基酸类,尤其是水杨酸及其衍生物(包括5‐正辛酰基水杨酸);α‐羟基酸类,如乙醇酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸或扁桃酸;尿素;龙胆酸;低聚果糖;肉桂酸;槐树的提取物;白藜芦醇和茉莉酸的一些衍生物;
●或者参与以下物质剥离或者降解的酶:角蛋桥粒、糖苷酶类、角质层胰凝乳蛋白酶(SCCE)或其他蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、chymotrypsin‐like)。可能存在螯合无机盐类的试剂:EDTA;N‐酰基‐N,N′,N′‐乙二胺四乙酸;氨基磺酸化合物和尤其是(N‐2‐羟乙基哌嗪‐N‐2‐乙烷)磺酸(HEPES);2‐氧代噻唑烷‐4‐甲酸的衍生物(前半胱氨酸);甘氨酸类型的α‐氨基酸类的衍生物(如EP‐0852949中所述描述,由BASF公司以商品名称TRILON M销售的甲基甘氨酸二乙酸钠);蜂蜜;糖衍生物,如O‐辛酰基‐6‐D‐麦芽糖和N‐乙酰葡萄糖胺;如由SILAB公司以商品名称销售的板栗提取物、如由SILAB公司以商品名称销售的商品刺梨提取物、或者由Degussa公司销售的植物鞘氨醇(与水杨酸接枝的植物鞘氨醇)。
适用于本发明的角质剥离溶解剂可以特别选自组包括磺酸类、钙螯合剂、α‐羟基酸类,如乙醇酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸或扁桃酸;抗坏血酸及其衍生物,如抗坏血酸葡萄糖苷和抗坏血酸磷酸镁;烟酰胺;尿素;(N‐2‐羟基乙基哌嗪‐N‐2‐乙烷)磺酸(HEPES)、β‐羟基酸类如水杨酸及其衍生物、维甲酸类化合物如视黄醇及其酯类、视黄醛、维甲酸及其衍生物、专利文件FR 2570377A1、EP 0199636A1、EP0325540A1、EP0402072A1中描述的那些、板栗或刺梨提取物,尤其是由SILAB公司销售的产品;还原化合物,如半胱氨酸或半胱氨酸前体。
也可以使用的角质剥离溶解剂是烟酸及其酯类和烟酰胺,所谓的维生素B3或维生素PP、和抗坏血酸及其前体,尤其如专利申请EP1529522A1中所描述。
抗橘皮组织剂。抗橘皮组织剂和脂解剂优选自组包括WO 2007/077541中所描述的那些、和β‐肾上腺素受体激动剂,如辛弗林及其衍生物、和WO 2010/097479中所描述的氨基甲酸环己基酯类。增强或提高抗橘皮组织剂的活性制剂,尤其是刺激和/或去极化C神经纤维的制剂,优选自组包括辣椒素及其衍生物、香草基壬酰胺和其衍生物、L‐肉碱、辅酶A、异黄酮类、大豆提取物、菠萝提取物和共轭亚油酸。
毛发生长活化剂或抑制剂
根据本发明的制剂和产品还可含有一种或多种毛发生长活化剂,即刺激毛发生长的药剂。毛发生长活化剂优选自组包括嘧啶衍生物,如2,4‐二氨基嘧啶‐3‐氧化物(Aminexil)、2,4‐二氨基‐6‐哌啶并嘧啶‐3‐氧化物(Minoxidil)及其衍生物,6‐氨基‐1,2‐二氢‐1‐羟基‐2‐亚氨基‐4‐哌啶并嘧啶及其衍生物、黄嘌呤生物碱类,如咖啡因,可可碱和茶碱及其衍生物、槲皮素及衍生物、二氢槲皮素(花旗松素)及衍生物、钾通道开放剂、抗雄激素药物、合成或天然的5‐还原酶抑制剂、烟酸酯,如烟酸生育酚酯,烟酸苄酯和C1‐C6烷基烟酸盐、蛋白质如三肽Lys‐Pro‐Val、diphencypren、激素、非那雄胺、度他雄胺、氟他胺、比卡鲁胺、孕烷衍生物、黄体酮及其衍生物、醋酸环丙孕酮、安体舒通和其他利尿剂、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂如FK506(他克莫司(Tacrolimus)、藤霉素(Fujimycin))及其衍生物,环孢菌素A及其衍生物、锌和锌盐、茶多酚、前花青素、原花青素、植物甾醇,如β‐谷甾醇、生物素、丁子香酚、(±)‐β‐香茅醇、泛醇、糖原,例如源于贻贝、源于微生物、海藻、植物和植物的部分,例如以下属的植物:蒲公英(狮齿菊属或蒲公英属),鸡脚参、牡荆、咖啡、泡林藤、可可、萍叶细辛、南瓜属或槐、锯叶棕(锯棕榈)、苦参、非洲臀果木、猪黍、美类叶升麻、大豆、丁香、黄栌、扶桑、茶树、巴拉圭茶、球等鞭金藻、甘草、葡萄、苹果、大麦或啤酒花的提取物,或/和大米或小麦水解产物。
可选地,根据本发明的制剂和产品还可包含一种或多种毛发生长抑制剂(如上所述),即减缓或防止毛发生长的制剂。毛发生长抑制剂优选自组包括激活素、激活素衍生物或激活素激动剂、鸟氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂,例如α‐二氟甲基鸟氨酸或五环三萜类化合物例如熊果酸、桦木醇、桦木酸、齐墩果酸及其衍生物、5α‐还原酶抑制剂、雄激素受体拮抗剂、S‐腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂、γ‐谷氨酰转肽酶抑制剂、谷氨酰胺转胺酶抑制剂、大豆来源的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、来自微生物、海藻、不同微藻或植物和植物的部分,如豆科、茄科、禾本科、萝藦科或葫芦科、角叉菜属、海萝属、仙菜属、杜尔维勒属、大豆属、地榆属、金盏花属、金缕梅属、蒙大纳山金车属、白柳属、贯叶连翘属或匙羹藤属的提取物。
清凉剂
所述组合物还可含有一种或多种具有生理清凉作用的物质(清凉剂),其优选自以下列表:薄荷醇和薄荷醇衍生物(例如L‐薄荷醇、D‐薄荷醇、外消旋薄荷醇、异薄荷醇、新异薄荷醇、新薄荷醇)、薄荷基醚(例如(I‐薄荷氧基)‐1,2‐丙二醇、(I‐薄荷氧基)‐2‐甲基‐1,2‐丙二醇、I‐薄荷基‐甲醚)、薄荷酯(例如甲酸薄荷酯、乙酸薄荷酯、异丁酸薄荷酯、乳酸薄荷酯、L‐乳酸L‐薄荷酯、D‐乳酸L‐薄荷酯、(2‐甲氧基)‐乙酸薄荷酯、(2‐甲氧基乙氧基)乙酸薄荷酯、焦谷氨酸薄荷酯)、碳酸薄荷酯(例如丙二醇碳酸薄荷酯、乙二醇碳酸薄荷酯、甘油碳酸薄荷酯或其混合物)、薄荷醇与二元羧酸的半酯或其衍生物(例如琥珀酸单薄荷酯、戊二酸单薄荷酯、丙二酸单薄荷酯、O‐薄荷基琥珀酸酯‐N,N‐(二甲基)酰胺、O‐薄荷基丁二酸酯酰胺)、薄荷烷羧酸酰胺(在这种情况下优选如US 4,150,052中所描述的薄荷烷羧酸‐N‐乙酰胺[WS3]或Nα‐(薄荷烷羰基)甘氨酸乙酯[WS5]、如WO2005049553A1中描述的薄荷烷羧酸‐N‐(4‐氰基苯基)酰胺或薄荷烷羧酸‐N‐(4‐氰基甲基苯基)酰胺、甲烷羧酸‐N‐(烷氧基烷基)酰胺类)、薄荷酮和薄荷酮衍生物(例如L‐薄荷酮甘油缩酮)、2,3‐二甲基‐2‐(2‐丙基)‐丁酸衍生物(例如2,3‐二甲基‐2‐(2‐丙基)‐丁酸‐N‐甲酰胺[WS23])、异胡薄荷醇或其酯(I‐(‐)‐异胡薄荷醇、I‐(‐)‐异胡薄荷醇乙酸酯)、薄荷烷衍生物(例如p‐薄荷烷‐3,8‐二醇)、荜澄茄醇或含有荜澄茄醇的合成或天然混合物、环烷基二酮衍生物的吡咯烷酮衍生物(例如3‐甲基‐2(1‐吡咯烷基)‐2‐环戊烯‐1‐酮)或四氢嘧啶‐2‐酮(例如WO2004/026840中描述的iciline或相关化合物)、其它甲酰胺(例如N‐(2‐(吡啶‐2‐基)乙基)‐3‐p‐薄荷烷甲酰胺或相关化合物)、(1R,2S,5R)‐N‐(4‐甲氧基苯基)‐5‐甲基‐2‐(1‐异丙基)环己烷‐甲酰胺[WS12]、草氨酸酯(优选EP 2033688A2中描述的)。
抗微生物剂
适当的抗微生物剂原则上是对革兰氏阳性细菌有效的所有物质,例如4‐羟基苯甲酸及其盐和酯、N‐(4‐氯苯基)‐N'‐(3,4‐二氯苯基)脲、2,4,4'‐三氯‐2'‐羟基‐二苯基醚(三氯生)、4‐氯‐3,5‐二甲基‐苯酚、2,2'‐亚甲基双(6‐溴‐4‐氯苯酚)、3‐甲基‐4‐(1‐甲基乙基)苯酚、2‐苄基‐4‐氯‐苯酚、3‐(4‐氯苯氧基)‐1,2‐丙二醇、丁基氨基甲酸3‐碘‐2‐丙炔酯、氯己定、3,4,4'‐三氯碳酰替苯胺(TTC)、抗菌芳香剂、麝香草酚、麝香草油、丁香酚、丁香油、薄荷醇、薄荷油、金合欢醇、苯氧乙醇、甘油单癸酸酯、单辛酸甘油酯、月桂酸单甘油酯(GML)、双甘油单癸酸酯(DMC)、水杨酸N‐烷基胺,例如,正辛基水杨酰胺或正癸基水杨酰胺。
酶抑制剂
适当的酶抑制剂是例如酯酶抑制剂。这些酶抑制剂优选为柠檬酸三烷酯,例如柠檬酸三甲酯、柠檬酸三丙酯、柠檬酸三异丙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯和,特别是,柠檬酸三乙酯(Hydagen CAT)。上述物质抑制酶活性,由此减少气味的生成。适合作为酯酶抑制剂的其它物质为甾醇硫酸酯或甾醇磷酸酯,例如,羊毛甾醇硫酸酯或磷酸酯、胆固醇硫酸酯或磷酸酯、菜油甾醇硫酸酯或磷酸酯、豆甾醇硫酸酯或磷酸酯和谷甾醇硫酸酯或磷酸酯;二羧酸和其酯,例如戊二酸、戊二酸单乙酯、戊二酸二乙酯、己二酸、己二酸单乙酯、己二酸二乙酯、丙二酸和丙二酸二乙酯;羟基羧酸及其酯,例如柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸或酒石酸二乙酯,以及甘氨酸锌。
气味吸收剂和止汗活性剂
适当的气味吸收剂是能够吸收并在很大程度上保留形成味道的化合物的物质。它们降低各成分的分压,由此还可降低其扩散速率。重要的是在该过程中芳香剂必须保持未受损害。气味吸收剂对细菌没有作用。它们含有例如作为主成分的蓖麻油酸的复合锌盐,或作为“固香剂”为本领域技术人员所知晓的特定的主要中和气味的芳香剂,例如,岩蔷薇或苏合香的提取物或一些松香酸衍生物。气味掩蔽剂为芳香剂或芳香油,除了其作为气味掩蔽剂的功能之外,还向除臭剂提供其各自香味。可以提及的芳香油是例如天然和合成芳香剂的混合物。天然芳香剂为花、茎和叶、果实、果皮、根、木材、草本植物和禾本植物、松针和树枝以及树脂和香脂的提取物。还适当的是动物产品,例如麝猫香和海狸香。典型的合成芳香化合物为酯、醚、醛、酮、醇和烃类产物。酯类芳香剂化合物是例如,乙酸苄基酯、乙酸p‐叔丁基环己酯、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸苯乙酯、苯甲酸芳樟酯、甲酸苄酯、环己基丙酸烯丙酯、丙酸苏合香酯和水杨酸苄酯。醚类包括,例如苄基乙基醚;醛类包括,例如含有8至18个碳原子的直链烷醛、柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅基氧基乙醛、仙客来醛、羟基香茅醛、铃兰醛和波洁红醛(bourgeonal);酮包括,例如紫罗兰酮和甲基柏木酮;醇包括茴香脑、香茅醇、丁香酚、异丁香酚、香叶醇、芳樟醇,苯乙醇和松油醇;烃类主要包括萜烯和香脂。然而,优选使用不同芳香剂化合物的混合物,它们一起产生令人愉快的香味。通常用作芳香成分的挥发性较低的精油也适用作芳香油,例如鼠尾草油、甘菊油、丁香油、蜂花油、薄荷油、肉桂叶油、椴树花油、杜松子油、香根草油、乳香油、白松香油(galbanum oil)、岩蔷薇油和熏衣草油。优选单独使用或以混合物使用佛手柑油、二氢月桂烯醇、铃兰醛、新铃兰醛、香茅醇、苯乙醇、α‐己基肉桂醛、香叶醇、苄丙酮、仙客来醛、芳樟醇、乙氧基甲氧基环十一烷(boisambreneforte)、龙涎呋喃、吲哚、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯、sandelice、柠檬油、柑橘油、橙油、异戊氧基乙酸烯丙酯、cyclovertal、熏衣草油、鼠尾草油、β‐大马酮、波旁香叶油、水杨酸环己酯、Vertofix Coeur、Iso‐E‐Super、Fixolide NP、evernyl、iraldein gamma、苯乙酸、乙酸香叶酯、乙酸苄酯、玫瑰醚、romilat、2‐乙基‐己酸乙酯(irotyl)和2‐叔丁基环己基乙基碳酸酯(floramat)。
适当的收敛止汗活性成分主要是铝,锆或锌的盐。这类适当的止汗活性成分是例如,氯化铝、氢氯酸铝、二氢氯酸铝、倍半氢氯酸铝及其络合物,例如与1,2‐丙二醇的络合物、尿囊素羟基铝(aluminium hydroxyallantoinate)、酒石酸氯化铝、三氢氯酸铝锆、四氢氯酸铝锆、五氢氯酸铝锆及其络合物,例如与氨基酸如甘氨酸的络合物。
成膜剂和抗头屑剂
标准成膜剂是例如,壳聚糖、微晶壳聚糖、季铵壳聚糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、丙烯酸系聚合物、季纤维素衍生物、胶原、透明质酸及其盐和类似化合物。
适当的抗头屑剂是Pirocton Olamin(1‐羟基‐4‐甲基‐6‐(2,4,4‐三甲基戊基)‐2‐(1H)‐吡啶酮单乙醇胺盐)、(氯咪巴唑)、(4‐乙酰基‐1‐{4‐[2‐(2,4‐二氯苯基)r‐2‐(1H‐咪唑‐1‐基甲基)‐1,3‐二氧戊(dioxylan)‐c‐4‐基甲氧基苯基}‐哌嗪、酮康唑、新康唑、二硫化硒、胶体硫、硫聚乙二醇脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、硫蓖麻醇聚乙氧基化物、硫磺焦油馏分、水杨酸(或结合六氯酚)、十一碳烯酸、单乙醇酰胺磺基琥珀酸钠盐、UD(蛋白质/十一烯酸浓缩物)、吡啶硫酮锌、吡啶硫酮铝和吡啶硫酮镁/双吡硫翁硫酸镁。
载体和助水溶物
优选的化妆品载体材料在25℃和1013mbar下为固体或液体(包括高粘度物质),例如甘油、1,2‐丙二醇、1,2‐丁二醇、1,3‐丙二醇、1,3‐丁二醇、乙醇、水以及两种或多种所述液体载体物质与水的混合物。任选地,本发明的这些制剂可使用防腐剂或助溶剂制备。可作为本发明制剂的成分的其它优选的液体载体物质选自组包括油类,例如植物油、中性油和矿物油。
可作为本发明制剂的成分的优选的固体载体物质为水胶体,例如淀粉、降解淀粉、化学或物理改性淀粉、糊精、(粉末状)麦芽糊精(优选地具备葡糖值为5至25,优选10‐20)、乳糖、二氧化硅、葡萄糖、改性纤维素、阿拉伯树胶、印度树胶、胺黄树胶、梧桐胶、卡拉胶、普鲁兰多糖、凝胶多糖、黄原胶、结冷胶、瓜尔豆胶、角豆粉、藻酸盐、琼脂、果胶和菊粉以及两种或两种以上这些固体物质的混合物,特别是,麦芽糊精(优选地,葡糖值为15至20)、乳糖,二氧化硅和/或葡萄糖。
此外,助水溶物,例如乙醇、异丙醇或多元醇,可用于改善流动性。适当的多元醇优选含有2至15个碳原子和至少两个羟基。这种多元醇可含有其它官能团,更具体地为氨基,或可被氮修饰。典型实例为:
●甘油;
●烷二醇,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇和平均分子量为100至1000道尔顿的聚乙二醇;
●自缩合度为1.5至10的寡甘油技术混合物,如二甘油含量为40至50重量%的二甘油技术混合物;
●羟甲基化合物,特别是,例如三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇;
●低级烷基糖苷,尤其是烷基中含有1至8个碳原子的那些烷基糖苷,例如甲基糖苷和丁基糖苷;
●含有5至12个碳原子的糖醇,例如山梨醇或甘露糖醇;
●含有5至12个碳原子的糖,例如葡萄糖或蔗糖;
●氨基糖,例如葡糖胺;
●二醇胺,例如二乙醇胺或2‐氨基丙烷‐1,3‐二醇。
防腐剂
适当的防腐剂是例如,苯氧基乙醇、甲醛溶液、对羟基苯甲酸酯类、戊二醇或山梨酸以及Kosmetikverordnung(“化妆品指南”)中附录6,A和B部分中列举的其它类别的化合物。
芳香油和芳香剂
适当的芳香油是天然芳香剂与合成芳香剂的混合物。天然芳香剂包括花(百合、薰衣草、玫瑰、茉莉、橙花、依兰)、茎和叶(天竺葵、广藿香、苦橙)、果实(茴香、胡荽、香菜、杜松)、果皮(佛手柑、柠檬、橙)、根(肉豆蔻、当归、芹菜、小豆蔻、木香、虹膜、菖蒲)、木材(松木、檀香、愈创木、雪松木、花梨木)、草本植物和禾本植物(龙蒿、柠檬草、鼠尾草、百里香)、松针和树枝(云杉、冷杉、松树、矮松)、树脂和香脂(格蓬、榄香脂、安息香、没药、乳香、红没药)的提取物。还可使用动物原料,例如麝猫香和海狸香。典型的合成芳香剂化合物是酯、醚、醛、酮、醇和烃类产物。酯类芳香剂化合物实例是乙酸苄酯,异丁酸苯氧基乙酯、环己基乙酸p‐叔丁酯、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸二甲基苄基原酯(dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate)、乙酸苯乙酯、苯甲酸芳樟酯、甲酸苄酯、苯基甘氨酸乙基甲酯、环己基丙酸烯丙酯、丙酸苏合香酯和水杨酸苄酯。醚类包括,例如苄基乙基醚;而醛类包括,例如含有8至18个碳原子的直链烷醛、柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅基氧基乙醛、仙客来醛、羟基香茅醛、铃兰醛和波洁红醛。适当的酮类的实例是紫罗兰酮、α‐异甲基紫罗酮和甲基柏木酮。适当的醇类是茴香脑、香茅醇、丁香酚、异丁香酚、香叶醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇和松油醇。烃类主要包括萜烯类和香脂类。然而,优选使用不同芳香剂化合物的混合物,它们一起产生令人愉快的香味。其它适当的芳香油为大多用作芳香成分的挥发性较低的精油。实例是鼠尾草油、甘菊油、丁香油、蜂花油、薄荷油、肉桂叶油、莱姆花油、杜松子油、香根草油、乳香油、白松香油、岩蔷薇油和熏衣草油。以下为单独或以混合形式优选使用的物质:佛手柑油、二氢月桂烯醇、铃兰醛、新铃兰醛、香茅醇、苯乙醇、己基肉桂醛、香叶醇、苄丙酮、仙客来醛、芳樟醇、乙氧基甲氧基环十一烷、龙涎呋喃、吲哚、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(hedione)、sandelice、柑橘类精油、柑橘油、橙油、乙醇酸烯丙基戊酯、cyclovertal、醒目熏衣草油、鼠尾草油、大马酮、波旁香叶油、水杨酸环己酯、Vertofix Coeur、Iso‐E‐Super、Fixolide NP、evernyl、iraldein gamma、苯乙酸、乙酸香叶酯、乙酸苄酯、玫瑰醚、romilat、2‐乙基‐己酸乙酯(irotyl)和2‐叔丁基环己基乙基碳酸酯(floramat)。
染料
适合的染料是例如德国研究学会染料协会(Farbstoff‐kommission derDeutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft)的公开物“Kosmetische ”,VerlagChemie,Weinheim,1984,页81至106中列举的适于并批准用于化妆品的物质中的任何一种。实例包括胭脂红A(C.I.16255)、专利蓝V(C.I.42051)、靛蓝(C.I.73015)、叶绿酸(C.I.75810)、喹啉黄(C.I.47005)、二氧化钛(C.I.77891)、阴丹士林蓝RS(C.I.69800)和茜草红(C.I.58000)。鲁米诺(Luminol)也可用作荧光染料。有利的着色颜料是例如二氧化钛、云母、铁氧化物(例如Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeO(OH))和/或氧化锡。有利的染料是例如胭脂红、柏林蓝、氧化铬绿、群青和/或锰紫。
制剂
根据本发明的优选组合物选自用于皮肤和/或毛发治疗、保护、护理和清洗的产品或化妆产品,优选作为免洗产品(一种或多种式(I)的化合物与洗去产品比在皮肤和毛发上停留更长时间,使其润湿和/或抗衰老和/或促进愈合伤口的作用更显著)。
本发明的制剂优选以乳剂形式,例如W/O(油包水)、O/W(水包油)、W/O/W(水包油包水)、O/W/O(油包水包油)乳剂、PIT乳剂、皮克林(Picking)乳剂、油含量低的乳剂、微米乳剂或纳米乳剂;溶液,例如在油(脂肪油或脂肪酸酯,特别是C6‐C32脂肪酸C2‐C30酯)或硅油、分散体、悬浮液、乳霜、乳液或奶液中的溶液,取决于制备方法和成分;凝胶(包括水凝胶、水分散凝胶、油凝胶);喷雾剂(例如泵喷雾剂或含有推进剂的喷雾剂)或用于擦拭化妆品的泡沫或浸渍溶液;洗涤剂,如肥皂、合成洗涤剂、洗涤液、淋浴和沐浴制剂、沐浴产品(胶囊、油剂、片剂、盐、浴盐、肥皂等);泡腾制剂、皮肤护理产品,如乳剂(如上所述)、软膏剂、糊剂、凝胶(如上所述)、油、香油、乳清、粉末(如擦脸粉、身体粉)、面膜、眉笔、唇膏、走珠、泵剂、气雾剂(发泡、非发泡或后发泡)、除臭剂和/或止汗剂、漱口水和口腔清洗剂、足部护理产品(包括去角质、除臭剂)、驱虫剂、防晒霜、晒后用品、剃须产品、须后膏、剃须前和剃须后洗剂、脱毛剂、头发护理产品,如洗发香波(包括2合1香波,去屑香波,婴儿香波,干性发质香波,浓缩香波)、护发素、生发油、生发水、染发液、造型膏、润发油、烫发和卷发药水、发胶、定型助剂(如凝胶或蜡)、头发光滑剂(护发剂、松弛剂)、染发剂如短时直接染发剂、半永久性染发剂、永久性染发、护发素、护发摩丝、眼睛护理产品、化妆、卸妆或婴儿产品。
本发明的制剂尤其优选以乳剂形式,特别是W/O、O/W、W/O/W、O/W/O乳剂形式、PIT乳剂、皮克林乳剂、油含量低的乳剂、微米乳剂或纳米乳剂、凝胶(包括水凝胶、水分散凝胶、油凝胶)、溶液,例如在油(脂肪油或脂肪酸酯,特别是C6‐C32脂肪酸C2‐C30酯)或硅油中的溶液、或喷雾剂(例如泵喷雾剂或具有推进剂的喷雾剂)。
辅助物质和添加剂的含量为占总重量5至99%,优选10至80%体重量,基于制剂总量计。本领域技术人员容易根据特定产品的性质通过简单试凑法确定在各情况下所使用的化妆品或护肤用品助剂和添加剂以及芳香剂的量。
所述制剂还可含有占总重量99%体重量,优选地,5至80%体重量的水,基于制剂总量计。
工业应用
本发明的另一个目的涉及通过将缬草提取物或其衍生物施用至人类毛发或皮肤以调节皮脂生成的第一非药物方法,以及通过将缬草提取物或其衍生物施用至皮肤或头皮以调节脂肪代谢的第二非药物方法。优选地缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。缬草提取物或其衍生物可通过局部或口服给药。
最后,本发明的另一个目的是缬草提取物或其衍生物用于处理人类毛发和/或皮肤的用途。优选地,缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
实施例
A.缬草提取物及其衍生物对皮脂腺代谢(hSGs)的活性
以下实施例旨在示出实验制剂对显微解剖并培养至6天的人类皮脂腺(hSGs)施加的皮脂生成调节作用。培养结束时提取皮脂并定量各实验组的hSGs,随后通过由残余hSG材料提取的蛋白质进行归一化处理(mg脂肪/mg蛋白质)。因此,测试化合物的生物活性通过比较测试腺体与对比组的脂肪/蛋白质比例进行。详细的方法记载EP14179936.1(CutechSrl)。
采用的实验模型基于在恒定浓度的缬草提取物或纯化衍生物中培养离体hSGs。因为局部给药和口服给药根据治疗频率和组合物都会产生波动浓度,该实验条件无法在体内重现。因此可以推断出由体外实验得到的有效浓度在产品制剂中需要适当提高。
这对于仅有有限量的活性成分到达目标器官的局部制剂尤其适用。作为一般性指示可以推断出,应当以通过本文采用的实验模型检测到的有效浓度的10‐1000倍制备局部制剂。得到有效制剂所需的放大倍数主要取决于活性化合物的化学性质、采用的化妆品载体的有效性以及建议使用频率。
实施例1至4
缬草烯酸(VA)对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
由头皮样本提取hSGs,培养6天并用不同浓度的缬草烯酸(VA)处理以研究该化合物的剂量‐响应性能。在标准介质中培养对比组,实验设计中包括5μM辣椒素作为阳性对比。辣椒素是适于抑制皮脂生成的辣椒成分[Tóth et al.,2009,J.Invest.Derm.129:329‐339]。处理效果通过检测由处理组得到的归一化脂肪量进行评估,即相对于由对比组得到的数值,皮脂与由各组hSGs提取的蛋白质之间的重量比(mg脂肪/mg蛋白质)。结果表示为百分比,将由对比组得到归一化脂肪视为参考数值(100%)。结果记载于表1。
表1
VA处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 1.2 | |
0 | 辣椒素 | 5μM | 83.3 | 2.4 | p<0.01 |
1 | VA | 0.05μM | 98.9 | 1.4 | n.s. |
2 | VA | 0.5μM | 74.2 | 1.6 | p<0.01 |
3 | VA | 5μM | 88.0 | 1.6 | p<0.01 |
4 | VA | 50μM | 88.6 | 1.5 | p<0.01 |
与对比组相比,阳性对比处理将hSGs的皮脂量减小了17%。然而,令人惊异的是,在0.5至50μM之间VA产生了强烈的皮脂生成抑制作用。0.5μM VA处理后检测到更强烈的响应,其导致hSGs中的皮脂量减小了26%。该抑制比辣椒素引发的更强烈。使用浓度在0.5至50μM之间的VA处理的所有响应在统计标准上非常显著。
实施例5至7
缬草烯酸(VA)对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
在由另一供体提取的hSGs上重复上述实验。结果记载于表2。
表2
VA处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 1.9 | |
0 | 辣椒素 | 5μM | 90.2 | 1.1 | p<0.01 |
5 | VA | 0.05μM | 85.6 | 3.5 | p<0.01 |
6 | VA | 0.5μM | 61.2 | 1.6 | p<0.01 |
7 | VA | 5μM | 88.5 | 1.6 | p<0.01 |
与对比组相比,阳性对比处理将hSGs的皮脂量减小了10%。然而,令人惊异的是,在0.05至5μM之间VA产生了更强烈的皮脂生成抑制作用。该结果证明了VA对于皮脂生成的生物活性。在较低浓度下响应更强烈,在最大用量下响应开始减弱。当与最佳浓度范围相比刺激处理过量时,一些组织的生物响应通常消失或者反转。这些数据说明根据被处理客体的敏感性,最佳处理在0.05至5μM之间变化。
实施例8至9
缬草烯酸(VA)对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
在由另一供体提取的hSGs上再次测定VA的最佳作用浓度,即0.05和0.5μM。结果记载于表3。
表3
VA处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 0.9 | |
8 | VA | 0.05μM | 75.0 | 1.0 | p<0.01 |
9 | VA | 0.5μM | 89.0 | 0.6 | p<0.01 |
结果示出两个处理量在hSGs中使皮脂量显著减小,但是0.05μM VA处理得到更好的响应。
实施例10至11
缬草烯酸(VA)对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
在由另一供体提取的hSGs上再次测定VA的最佳作用浓度,即0.05和0.5μM。结果记载于表4。
表4
VA处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
结果示出两个处理量在hSGs中使皮脂量显著减小,但是0.05μM VA处理得到更好的响应。
实施例12至13
戊酸(PA)对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
缬草提取物中通常存在的另一化合物是戊酸(PA)。该分子的生物活性根据前述实验采用的过程在离体hSGs上测试。结果记载于表5。
表5
PA处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 1.8 | |
0 | 辣椒素 | 5μM | 45.6 | 0.4 | p<0.01 |
12 | PA | 0.2mM | 57.3 | 0.9 | p<0.01 |
13 | PA | 2mM | 65.6 | 0.4 | p<0.01 |
结果说明两个在测试浓度下PA处理均导致hSGs中皮脂的显著降低。
实施例14至21
缬草烯酸(VA)和戊酸(PA)对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)活性的比较分析
在下述实验中,使用不同浓度的PA,VA和PA+VA(即,处理包括两种化合物)处理由相同供体得到的hSGs。目的是比较这两种缬草提取衍生物的作用强度并且探索它们之间可能的协同效应。实验过程与前述过程类似。结果记载于表6。
表6
PA、VA和两种化合物的结合物处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
所有的处理均使皮脂含量减小,证明实验化合物的抑制作用。检测到使用0.05‐0.5μM VA处理响应最强;然而,PA产生了与辣椒素非常类似的抑制作用。由该结果可见,尽管VA的浓度比PA小1000倍,VA比PA导致更强的响应。使用两种化合物处理没有表现出协同效应。
实施例22至25
缬草提取物对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
前述实验基于使用由缬草根提取物得到的一些典型化合物。然而,药物中通常使用的产品通常是整个缬草根提取物,其具备复杂组成,含有几百种分子。在下述实验中,使用溶解于培养介质的用量增多的干燥缬草跟提取物(VE)处理由供体提取的hSGs。目的是检测粗提取物是否具备与其主要化合物(即VA和PA)相同的性能或者提取组合物中所含的其他分子是否干扰皮脂生成的抑制作用。
实验过程与上述过程相似。结果记载于表7。
表7
缬草提取物(VE)处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 1.3 | |
0 | 辣椒素 | 5μM | 83.0 | 1.4 | p<0.01 |
22 | VE | 0.04μg/ml | 95.3 | 2.0 | n.s. |
23 | VE | 0.4μg/ml | 72.2 | 2.0 | p<0.01 |
24 | VE | 4μg/ml | 80.3 | 1.0 | p<0.01 |
25 | VE | 40μg/ml | 102.5 | 2.1 | n.s. |
结果示出VE的活性与VA和PA一致。有效用量为0.4至0.04μg/ml,与对比相比产生20‐28%的皮脂生成抑制。比阳性对比产生更强烈的响应(辣椒素:‐17%)。
实施例26至27
缬草提取物对人类皮脂腺(hSGs)的活性
实验比较了缬草根提取物(VE)与缬草烯酸(VA)的活性。处理用量由前述处理的最佳用量决定。
实验过程与上述过程相似。结果记载于表8。
表8
缬草提取物(VE)处理后hSGs中的皮脂含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 1.8 | |
26 | VE | 4μg/ml | 81.1 | 1.8 | p<0.01 |
27 | VA | 0.5μM | 71.4 | 1.5 | p<0.01 |
结果示出VE和VA都使皮脂生成可预期的减小,但是,在测试用量下,VA(‐29%)比VE(‐19%)更有效。
结论
实验数据说明缬草提取物的主要成分,即缬草烯酸和戊酸,以及粗缬草根提取物,是皮脂生成的高效调节剂。因此缬草提取物和其衍生物可以用作针对减小美观问题,如油性皮肤,油性毛发和头皮屑的制剂成分,或用于治疗皮肤疾病如痤疮、脂溢性皮炎等。
实施例23‐24示出缬草提取物在0.4‐4μg/ml(即0.4‐4x 10‐4%)是非常有效的皮脂生成抑制剂,因此,根据实施例前言中提到的方法评论,化妆产品中的有效浓度可以是0.04‐0.4%。然而,由于一些活性化合物,特别是缬草三酯类(valepotriates)和倍半萜烯,进行强烈的氧化和/或降解反应,推荐浓度为0.4至4%。
实施例5‐7示出在0.05‐5μM(即0.117‐11.7x 10‐5%)下缬草烯酸特别有效,因此,考虑到推荐用于制备局部产品的倍增系数,推荐最终浓度为0.00117‐0.117%。由于标准缬草提取物含有约0.3%缬草烯酸,上述推荐的缬草烯酸浓度可以通过在化妆品制剂中加入0.39‐39%缬草提取物得到。
由使用缬草提取物以及缬草烯酸进行处理得到的实验数据,推荐制备含有约0.04‐40%缬草提取物的有效组合物。
B.缬草提取物及其衍生物对脂肪代谢的活性
报道的实施例19至23旨在示出实验制剂在人类皮肤皮下组织上施加的脂肪细胞量调节作用。全层离体人类皮片样本,包括皮下组织,在体外培养并用由缬草提取物得到的化合物,即缬草烯酸(VA)和戊酸(PA)处理,从而评估它们在脂肪代谢上的活性。
培养6天后,通过由各个皮肤样本分离皮下组织并随后计算其归一化总脂肪量,与未处理组比较评估处理组织的响应。
实施例28至32
缬草烯酸(VA)和戊酸(PA)对于具备皮下组织的全层皮肤的脂肪代谢的活性
由腹部皮肤样本切取全层人类皮片的圆柱形试片(直径7mm),注意保持皮下组织。将这些器官样本以1样本/孔的浓度种于含有500μl培养介质的24孔板并培养6天。向进行实验处理的样本加入0.5、5和50μM的VA或0.2和2μM的PA。培养一天后,将样本分为各含有4个样本的实验组。向对比组加入改性William E介质,而向进行实验处理的样本加入含有提取物的相同介质。每隔一天更换培养介质。器官培养6天后(处理5次),由真皮层分离各个皮肤样本的皮下组织,并计算其脂肪和蛋白质的总量。得到的脂肪含量通过除以相关的蛋白质含量进行归一化(mg脂肪/mg蛋白质),从而使由具备不同生物质的器官样本中检测到的数值可比。事实上,刺激皮下组织中的脂肪生成促进了脂肪的合成和储存,而不会显著影响结构蛋白质的代谢。因此,当刺激脂肪生成时,可以预期“总脂肪量/总蛋白质量之比”—下文定义为“归一化总脂肪量”—提高,而在脂肪分解增多的情况下相反。
用于检测“归一化总脂肪量”的分析方案如下:
●将各皮下组织样本在1ml异丙醇中均质化;
●将样品在14000G下离心5分钟并随后收集上清液(含有提取的脂肪);
●用异丙醇将上清液稀释10倍;
●使用直接检测红外光谱仪(Millipore)分析稀释的脂肪提取物,得到上清液的总脂肪浓度(mg/ml);
●将上清液脂肪浓度(标号4)乘以初始稀释因数(标号3)和用于脂肪提取的异丙醇体积(标号1)量化皮下组织样本的总脂肪量;
●用1ml异丙醇清洗由标号2得到的残余颗粒,随后通过再次离心移除该溶剂;
●在真空干燥蒸发器中干燥该颗粒并再次在100μl的蛋白水解缓冲液(20mMTris/HCl pH 7.5、150mM NaCl、2mM EDTA、0.5%Triton X‐100、2mM DTT、1%蛋白酶抑制剂混合物)中均质化;
●将提取混合物在14000G下离心10分钟并收集上清液,使用直接检测红外光谱仪(Millipore)进行分析,得到上清液的总蛋白质浓度;
●将得到的总蛋白质浓度乘以提取物体积(标号7)从而量化皮下组织样本的总蛋白质量;
●总脂肪量(标号5)除以总蛋白质量(标号9)得到相对于加工皮下组织样本的每mg蛋白质的脂肪量。
表9示出实验组的归一化总脂肪量(总脂肪/总蛋白质),表达为对比组性能的百分比。
表9
使用VA和PA处理后皮肤皮下组织样本中的总脂肪含量。响应表达为对比组性能的%比。包括辣椒素处理作为阳性对比。通过单项ANOVA置换测试及随后的成对事后比较‐邓尼特置换计算统计显著性。
实例 | 样本 | 用量 | 平均值 | 标准偏差 | 统计显著性 |
0 | 对比 | 0 | 100.0 | 13.7 | |
0 | 辣椒素 | 5μM | 73.6 | 9.7 | p<0.01 |
28 | VA | 0.5μM | 63.9 | 6.5 | p<0.05 |
29 | VA | 5.0μM | 55.3 | 1.7 | p<0.01 |
30 | VA | 50.0μM | 59.0 | 3.6 | p<0.01 |
31 | PA | 0.2μM | 82.6 | 11.0 | n.s. |
32 | PA | 2.0μM | 91.6 | 8.9 | n.s. |
结果证明两种化合物减少了皮肤皮下组织中的脂肪含量。使用5.0μM VA处理检测到更强的响应(‐44.7%)。PA实现了总脂肪量17.8%的降低。这些数据说明缬草提取物及其衍生物影响脂肪代谢并可用于调节皮肤皮下组织代谢。
Claims (12)
1.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于防止或治疗过量皮脂生成导致的头皮失调的药物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
2.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于防止或治疗头皮屑的药物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
3.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于防止或治疗脂溢性皮炎的药物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
4.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于防止或治疗痤疮的药物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
5.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于防止或治疗粉刺的药物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
6.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于防止或治疗蜂窝组织炎的药物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
7.根据前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的用途,其中缬草提取物或其衍生物的含量为0.000001至20%体重量-基于药物总量计。
8.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于调节和/或控制皮脂生成的非药物组合物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
9.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于调节和/或控制脂肪代谢的非药物组合物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的用途,其中局部或口服施用提取物或其衍生物。
11.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于抑制人类皮脂生成的组合物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
12.缬草提取物或其衍生物在生产用于减少人类皮下脂肪的组合物中的用途,其中所述缬草提取物或其衍生物是戊酸、缬草烯酸或其混合物。
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