CN1054882C - Enzymatic process for the stereoselective preparation of a hetero-bicyclic alcohol enantiomer - Google Patents
Enzymatic process for the stereoselective preparation of a hetero-bicyclic alcohol enantiomer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an enzyme catalyzed method for stereoselectivity preparation of bicyclo alcohol enantiomer. The invention is characterized in that the corresponding alcohol raceme is used to prepare approximately purified enantiomer represented by general formula (I) through following steps: (1) stereoselectivity esterification, (2) alcohol separation from generated ester, (3) hydrolysis of the ester to produce corresponding alcohol enantiomer, and (4) conversion of the alcohol enantiomer to initial raceme under alkaline conditions for repeated use. The invention also relates to approximately purified alcohol enantiomer represented by general formula (I), pharmaceutically active piperazine derivatives produced from the enantiomer, and approximately purified intermediate enantiomer.
Description
The present invention relates to the enzymatic means that stereoselectivity prepares the hetero-bicyclic alcohol enantiomorph.The invention still further relates to the pure enantiomorph of purifying substantially and use the bridged piperazine derivatives that this enantiomorph prepares pharmaceutical active.
Various, for example can be used for being used in the biologically active substance of people or animal doctor's pharmaceutical composition, in its molecular structure, comprise chiral centre, and therefore optically active isomer occurs.Usually be known that in the prior art and often have only one of enantiomorph to have required optimum biological activity.Other optically active enantiomorph that exists in composition or medicament can cause or improve some side effects and acceptor is the burden of human body or animal body.It has been generally acknowledged that more and more and need use biologically active substance with the pure enantiomeric form of cardinal principle, these enantiomorphs especially have required biological activity.Therefore, becoming its enantiomorph in the preparation method of pharmaceutically active substances China and foreign countries' mesotomy, often is an important step.
Utilize three kinds of main methods that racemic modification is split into their enantiomorphs separately.In three kinds of methods first kind promptly, splits according to different physical properties (as crystalline texture), and this method is only so used.
The second method of frequent use comprises and commercially available optically active agent reaction produces diastereomer, and this diastereomer has different physical propertiess.Therefore with the separable diastereomer that obtains in such a way of the method for for example recrystallization, after this, manage renewable each enantiomorph by chemical after-treatment.Clearly, owing to can not use and reclaim expensive optically active reagent, the method for this resolution of racemates is promptly to take a lot of work and expensive.
Recently, in more economical method for splitting, make an enantiomorph chemical modification of racemic modification with using enzyme selectivity, make the enantiomorph and the unmodified Chiral Separation of modification then.For example people such as Bianchi (J.Org.Chem., 1988,53,5531-5534) once reported with acid anhydrides and made acylating agent racemic alcohol of esterification optionally under lipase catalysis.They have successfully obtained high polarimetry purity, and promptly enantiomeric excess excessive (ee) surpasses 95% some primary alconols and secondary alcohol.In fact, the enantiomorph of most drug application need is answered excessive at least 95%.Although Bianchi and co-worker thereof have obtained several results, also do not observe some alcohol not or be not enough to three-dimensional the selection and transform, recently in people's such as Ennis two pieces of publications (Tetrahedron Lett., 1992,33,6283-6286 and 6287-6290) in, the method that enzyme splits is to use 2-methylol-1, and the 4-benzodioxan is made substrate, the author observes, adopt this method to split, can not reach desired polarimetry purity standard, therefore need to repeat enzymatic and split.
In order from remaining alcohol, advantageously to separate the ester that generates, people such as Terao (Chem.Pharm.Bull., 1989,37,1653-1655) once produced the monomester succinate enantiomorph with succinyl oxide, this enantiomorph is separated from one another easily, adopts the unreacted pure enantiomorph of alkali liquid washing.In this method, only use effort seldom, required active enantiomorph just can separate from unwanted inactive enantiomorph, although the result of polarimetry purity (being enantiomeric excess) generally can not be satisfactory.Only with a kind of substrate, promptly (1-hydroxyethyl) benzene (a kind of secondary alcohol) is made substrate, is gratifying by carrying out enantioselectivity esterification enzymatic resolution of racemates with succinyl oxide.
Except the unforeseen result of the frequent appearance of enzymatic fractionation of pure racemic modification, can conclude that by above-mentioned publication another inherent problem is to separate required pure enantiomorph from its corresponding racemic modification.In fact, various racemic modifications split except obtaining required enantiomorph, have also obtained common useless unwanted optically active enantiomorph.This means that at least 50% (normally expensive) substrate should be thought chemical waste, perhaps in other words, the productive rate that racemic modification splits is by actives maximum 50%.This point clearly confirmed by the table in people's such as above-mentioned Ennis the publication, and no matter this table has shown with unconverted alcohol or the ester-formin after transforming, and initial racemic modification can provide 50% required enantiomorph.
An object of the present invention is to provide the working method that a kind of stereoselectivity prepares the economy of hetero-bicyclic alcohol enantiomorph.
Enzymatic means by above-mentioned definition can reach this purpose, the method is characterized in that the enantiomorph of the general formula of purifying (I) substantially according to the present invention
Wherein X is O, S, NH, N (C
1-C
4) alkyl or CH
2
Y
1, Y
2And Y
3Be hydrogen or be selected from halogen, C independently of one another
1-C
4Alkyl,
C
1-C
4Alkoxyl group, C
1-4The substituting group of haloalkyl, nitro and cyano group;
NO
2Substituting group is connected in the 5-or the 7-position of bicyclic system; And
C
*-atom has R or S configuration; Be by its corresponding pure racemic modification,, by the preparation of following successive reaction step:
(i) under the influence of enzyme with stereoselectivity esterification activity, described racemic modification and acylating agent acidylate;
(ii) from the ester that generates, separate nonesterified compound, and separate formula I alcohol enantiomorph or its ester of required cardinal principle purifying;
(iii) make the ester hydrolysis of generation, transforming described ester thus is corresponding pure enantiomorph; And
(iv) under alkaline condition, unwanted pure enantiomorph is changed into initial pure racemic modification, so that its repeated application.
With the expectation complete opposite, (step I result v) is the racemization of unwanted pure enantiomorph in above-mentioned alkaline purification.Because be connected chiral centre (C
*) proton be not tart, this phenomenon can't be explained.Thus obtained pure racemic modification can carry out next resolution reaction as initiator again.Clearly, from economically and the angle from the environment, the present invention makes the enzyme catalysis stereoselectivity prepare pure enantiomorph becomes feasible method.
The acylating agent that above-mentioned acylation reaction is fit to is to incite somebody to action illustrative acid anhydrides and vinyl ester hereinafter, as vinyl-acetic ester, and propionate, vinyl butyrate, the isopropylformic acid vinyl acetate, or the like.
Acylation reaction is preferably carried out in the organic solvent system that contains less water or water-containing buffering liquid.
The enzyme of frequent use be can commercial purchase thick solid prepared product.This is easy to its recovery.Yet described enzyme also can be with fixed condition covalent attachment or be adsorbed on and be fit to use on the carrier for example.Known technology by adopting various separation related compounds such as extraction, recrystallization, preparative column chromatogram etc. can be separated nonesterified compound from the ester that generates.
The pure enantiomorph of above-mentioned cardinal principle purifying means and contains enantiomeric purity (ee) and played about 95% alkylol cpd.If in enzymatic means of the present invention, do not reach above-mentioned enantiomeric purity, can make the purity of enantiomorph be improved to desired level by simple recrystallization method usually.Certainly aforementioned as this paper, the pure enantiomorph that separates required purifying substantially also comprises recrystallization method, to improve enantiomeric purity and to remove small amount of impurities.
Crucial reactions steps does not promptly need the racemization of pure enantiomorph under alkaline condition, can easily carry out under proton inertia and two kinds of conditions of protic.The alkali that is fit to such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide etc. are water-soluble or contain in the water-containing solvent mixture of water miscibles organic solvent (as alcohol).The example that is used for the alkali of proton inertia system is: (a) hydride, for example sodium hydride in aprotic solvent such as DMSO; (b) potassium alcoholate, for example potassium tert.-butoxide in aprotic solvent such as ether (for example THF) and methyl-2-butanols potassium; (c) lithium alkylide and alkylamide lithium, for example lithium methide in seat inert solvent such as THF, various butyllithium and LDA.After the acid neutralization, can reclaim pure racemic modification with good productive rate, for example by extracting from aqueous phase with the organic solvent that is fit to, then if desired, solvent evaporated is in order to using again.
As above-mentioned (iii) as described in, the hydrolysis that generates ester can be carried out under acidic conditions or weak basic condition easily, to avoid taking place the racemization of pure enantiomorph.
But, as a specific embodiments of the present invention, the hydrolysis of above-mentioned ester and the racemization of pure enantiomorph can in conjunction with.In this method, above-mentioned reactions steps (iii) and (iv) can be combined makes to obtain reductive action by a reactions steps.Defined as above-mentioned external racemization, enough strong alkaline condition needs for carrying out two kinds of effects (that is, be hydrolyzed simultaneously and racemization) simultaneously.
Method of the present invention preferably is intended to have the pure enantiomorph of the cardinal principle purifying of benzodioxan structure, i.e. general formula (II) compound by carrying out the preparation of above defined successive reaction step stereoselectivity
Wherein Y ' is hydrogen or the substituting group that is selected from chlorine, fluorine and methyl;
NO
2Substituting group is connected the 5-or the 7-position of benzodioxan ring; With
C
*-atom or R or S configuration.
The preferred enzyme that uses is as solid and therefore can reclaim at an easy rate and make it repeated use.After above-mentioned steps (i), promptly after the acidylate step is finished, be suitable for the method (as simple filtration) of this purpose by employing, can carry out enzyme easily and reclaim.If the enzyme that uses is to be combined in to be fit to also can reclaim enzyme by simple filtration on carrier such as diatomite (seeing people's such as above-mentioned Bianchi publication) or the vitreum, if desired, wash filtrate is removed impurity then.
For using vinyl acetate preferably to use carboxylic acid anhydride, because carboxylic acid anhydride as diacetyl oxide, propionic anhydride, butyryl oxide, isobutyric anhydride or caproic anhydride, in the presence of the enzyme that is fit to, has preferable performance usually as acylating agent.Separate from the ester that generates in order to be beneficial to nonesterified compound, preferably use cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, particularly succinyl oxide or Pyroglutaric acid.The formation ester of Huo Deing can easily separate from nonesterified compound in this way, promptly extracts with weak caustic solution under these conditions, and this moment, ester still was kept perfectly.
The enzyme that is fit to that carries out the stereoselectivity esterification is a lytic enzyme, the lipase and the esterase that obtain as natural existence and genetically engineered.The example of the lipase that is fit to is: aspergillus niger, candiyeast (Candida cylindracea) (Meito for example
MY30 or Amano
AY), Candida lipolytica, Chromobacterium viscosum, geotrichum candidum, Humicolalanuginose, the conspicuous Mucor of rice, mucor javanicus (Amano for example
M), pig pancreas lipase, penicillium cyclopium, Lou Ge Faerteshi mould, Pseudomonas cepacia (Amano
PS), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Amano for example
P), snow-white head mold (Amano for example
N), Java head mold (Amano for example
F), unrooted rhizopus and De Lie rhizopus equinus.With proposed in people's such as Bianchi the publication opposite, have now found that some lipase, particularly candiyeast (Candida cylindracea) lipase is preferential to the S enantiomorph.Therefore above-mentioned lipase can stereoselectivity esterification S enantiomorph, and the result can obtain the remaining R enantiomorph of high yield and high stereochemistry purity.Other lipase, for example Pseudomonas fluorescens and other many lipase preferably transform the R enantiomorph and therefore are suitable for separating the S enantiomorph of same high yield and high stereochemistry purity.
The invention still further relates to the pure enantiomorph of the cardinal principle purifying of the general formula I of representing as preamble, wherein X and substituting group Y have aforementioned given definition,
NO
2Substituting group be connected the 5-of bicyclic system or 7-position and
C
*-atom has the R configuration.By adopting enzymatic means of the present invention, can obtain this enantiomorph easily.After this this paper will illustrate that this enantiomorph can be used as key intermediate in the method for some pharmaceutical active bridged piperazine derivatives of preparation.
At Drugs of the Future 1988,13, among the 31-33, the flesinoxan hydrochloride has been described, a kind of effective Orally active 5-HT
1ASynthesizing of agonist.Corresponding to above-mentioned formula II, wherein Y ' is the racemic benzodioxan of 7-chlorine substituent, at first transforms to protect its pure functional group with Benzoyl chloride.Obtain racemic diethylenediamine compound with two (chloroethyl) amine reactions after the subsequent catalytic hydrogenation.This mutually in, carry out the fractionation of piperazine outward turning body with (+)-camphorsulfonic acid, behind the recrystallization, obtain optically pure R-(+)-enantiomorph several times.This enantiomorph and N-(4-fluoro benzoyl) aziridine reaction, the saponification by benzoic ether makes hydroxyl go protection, obtains (+)-enantiomorph of required cardinal principle purifying at last with the salt acid treatment, i.e. flesinoxanHCl.People such as above-mentioned Ennis nearest publication (Tetrahedron Lett., 1992,33,6287-6290) in, the enzymatic of having described flesinoxan and its optically active enantiomorph splits, this is the final step that splits.Behind the two-way enzymatic means of effort, required flesinoxan can separate with gratifying enantiomeric purity.
Seeing significantly that from above-mentioned described flesinoxan preparation is an effort and expensive, is to be based upon such multistep synthetic method on early stage because the effort of enantiomorph splits particularly.Clearly, in the early stage of this synthetic method, inevitably to lose be more disadvantageous to active substance in fractionation.
Have now found that the pure enantiomorph of the basic purifying of general formula I can be used as the key intermediate of the synthetic active bridged piperazine derivatives of pharmacy easily, because avoided the racemic modification fractionation effect of the pre-synthesis phase of multistep, requiring great effort.
Thereby, the invention still further relates to the cardinal principle purified alcohols enantiomorph of the general formula I of using the aforementioned expression of this paper, wherein X and substituting group Y have aforementioned given definition,
NO
2Substituting group be connected in bicyclic system the 5-position and
C
*-atom has the R configuration, by described enantiomorph being carried out following response procedures, the bridged piperazine derivatives of preparation pharmaceutical active:
(i) with the hydroxyl protecting group free hydroxyl group that is fit to, keep C simultaneously
*The absolute configuration of-atom generates the compound of following general formula
R wherein
1Be hydroxyl protecting group;
(ii) keeping C
*In the time of-atom absolute configuration, nitro substituent reduces, and is converted into the amine compound of following general formula with the enantiomorph with described formula III cardinal principle purifying
The formula IV compound that (iii) transforms above-mentioned acquisition becomes the diethylenediamine compound of following general formula:
Keep C simultaneously
*The absolute configuration of-atom,
(iv) keep C
*In the time of-atom absolute configuration, described formula V diethylenediamine compound derived is the bridged piperazine derivatives of following general formula:
Wherein A is straight or branched C
2-C
4Alkylidene group and B are phenyl or the heterocyclic radical that is selected from thienyl, pyranyl, furyl, pyrryl, pyridyl and pyrazinyl, and group wherein can be by one or more halogen, C of being selected from
1-C
3Alkyl, C
1-C
3Haloalkyl, cyano group, nitro, hydroxyl, esterified hydroxy groups and C
1-C
3The substituting group of alkoxyl group replaces,
This method is by described formula V diethylenediamine compound, perhaps
(a) compound with following general formula reacts
L-A-NH-CO-B (VII)
Wherein L is a leavings group, preferably is selected from chlorine, methanesulfonate and tosylate, perhaps
(b) compound with following general formula reacts
Generating wherein, A is the general formula VI bridged piperazine derivatives of ethylidene; And (v) described formula VI compound is removed to protect the free alcohol enantiomorph that generates following general formula at last
C wherein
*-atom has the R-configuration.
Can clearly be seen that from the above, keeping C
*Under the situation of-atom absolute configuration, can easily carry out above-mentioned subsequent reaction step, not damage the enantiomeric purity of final bridged piperazine derivatives thus.
Can protect free hydroxyl (reactions steps i) by the ester or the ether functional group that are fit to.The example of the hydroxyl protecting group that is fit to is: (trialkyl) silyl, (dialkyl) (-oxyl) silyl, uncle (C
4-C
12) alkyl, (alternative replacement) phenoxy group [(C
2-C
8) dialkyl group] ethyl, (C
1-C
4) alkoxyl group [(C
2-C
8) dialkyl group] methyl, the group that constitutes (sulphur) acetal as two-and tetrahydropyrans-2-base and two-and tetrahydrofuran (THF)-2-base, and from single, two-or the group of the acetate deutero-formation ester of three-replacement, wherein substituting group is preferably selected from (C
1-C
12) alkyl and selectively have one or more substituent substituted-phenyls, selectively have the substituted cyclohexane formic acid or the adamantanecarboxylic acid of one or more methyl.Above-mentioned term alkyl comprises (C
1-C
8) alkyl, (C
2-C
8) alkenyl, (C
2-C
8) alkynyl group, phenyl and the phenyl that is replaced by one or more substituting groups.The substituting group that above-mentioned phenyl and phenoxy group are fit to is: hydroxyl, alkoxyl group, alkyl-carbonyl oxygen base; amino, alkylamino, dialkyl amido; alkyl-carbonyl-amino, alkyl sulfonyl amino, nitro; alkyl sulphonyl; alkyl-carbonyl, halogen, cyano group; alkyl (wherein alkyl substituent comprises 1 to 5 carbon atom) and (C
3-C
12) cycloalkyl.
Nitro generates amino reductive action (step I i), can be easily at the metal catalyst that is fit to for example under the influence of Pd/C, for example carry out with hydrogen in the ethanol at the polar organic solvent that is fit to.
Aminocompound change into diethylenediamine compound (step I ii) can be easily for example by two (2-chloroethyl) amine, for example carry out in aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene and the chlorobenzene etc. at the organic solvent that is fit to.
Above-mentioned (iv) in the reactions steps of definition preferably described in European patent specification 138280, promptly inert organic solvents or solvent-free in and under the reaction conditions described in the described patent specification, carry out.
The protection of going of last hydroxyl can be with being suitable for ester or ether cracked reaction reagent carries out.Under weak base or acidic conditions, keeping C
*Under the situation of-atom absolute configuration, ester can be hydrolyzed at an easy rate.The cracking of ether is preferably carried out in organic solvent by strong acid.
The invention still further relates to the new intermediate in the above-mentioned response procedures, that is, the enantiomorph of the cardinal principle purifying of the general formula III of aforementioned expression and IV, wherein X and substituting group Y have aforementioned given definition, and C
*-atomic configuration and above-mentioned formula I Compound C
*The R configuration of-atom is corresponding.
The present invention relates to the method for the bridged piperazine derivatives enantiomorph of the cardinal principle purifying for preparing above-mentioned general formula I X at last, and this method at first is to carry out the pure enantiomorph (C this enantiomorph that the above-mentioned successive reactions steps of this paper prepares the cardinal principle purifying of aforementioned formula I from its corresponding racemic alcohol
*-atom has the R configuration), then the response procedures by above-mentioned definition changes into required bridged piperazine derivatives with described formula I compound.
To illustrate in greater detail the present invention with following specific embodiment now.
Example I
Follow stirring, 37 ℃ with 125mM (±)-2,3-dihydro-5-nitro-7-chloro-1,4-benzodioxan-2-methyl alcohol (BDA), 250mM propionic anhydride and 0.2% (w/v) Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (Amano
P) be incubated in the solution in TBME (tert-butyl methyl ether)/hexane/water (50/50/0.1v/v/v).Transform 80% back (esterification of alcohol), filter out the enzyme termination reaction.At Zorbax
Isolate the ester and the remaining alcohol of generation on the C-8 post, adopt the mapping scale of construction of chirality α-glycoprotein (AGP) post analysis residue alcohol.Also can pass through without separating
1H-NMR, adopt (+)-or (-)-trifluoromethyl-9-anthryl carbinol determine the enantiomeric excess of the pure and mild generation ester of residue as the chiral separation solvent.S-(-)-alcohol that contains enantiomeric excess 97.5% in the remaining alcohol.
Example II
Adopt the correlation method described in the example I, with 0.2% (w/v) Candidacylindracea lipase (Meito
MY) carry out esterification, after 69% alcohol transforms, stopped reaction.R-(+)-alcohol that contains enantiomeric excess 97.5% in the remaining alcohol.Described in example I, by
1The H-NMR spectrum is identified R-(+)-alcohol.Record that the concrete specific rotation of R-(+)-BDA is in acetonitrile: [α]
D 25=+181.1 °.
Adopt corresponding method to prepare R-(+)-2,3-dihydro-5-nitro-7-methyl isophthalic acid, 4-benzodioxan-2-methyl alcohol and R-(+)-2,3-dihydro-5-nitro-1,4-benzodioxan-2-methyl alcohol has same high enantiomeric excess.
EXAMPLE III
At 25 ℃, follow stirring with 250nM (±)-BDA, 500mM butyryl oxide and 0.5% (w/v) Candida cylindracea lipase (Meito
MY) insulation of the solution in hexane/ethyl acetate/water (50/50/0.2v/v/v).After 65% alcohol transformed, stopped reaction contained R-(+)-alcohol of enantiomeric excess 97.5% in the remaining alcohol.
EXAMPLE IV
Adopt the correlation method described in the EXAMPLE III, 250mM (±)-BDA is incubated with 500mM isobutyric anhydride or caproic anhydride respectively.After having transformed 63% and 60% alcohol respectively, stopped reaction all contains R-(+)-alcohol of enantiomeric excess 97.5% in both cases.
EXAMPLE V
At room temperature, follow stirring with 350mM (±)-BDA, 600mM succinyl oxide and 2.4% (w/v) Candida cylindracea lipase (Meito
MY) insulation of the solution in TBME/ acetonitrile/water (90/10/0.6v/v/v).After 70% alcohol transforms, filter stopped reaction.Remaining alcohol contains R-(+)-enantiomorph of enantiomeric excess 98%.
EXAMPLE IV enantioselectivity esterification
Reaction formula
With 15.2kg (±)-BDA, 7.6kg succinyl oxide and 3.7kgCandida cylindracea lipase (Meito
MY) solution in the mixture of 200l t-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), 17.5l acetonitrile and 925ml water is in reaction vessel, be incubated under room temperature and nitrogen atmosphere.After reaching 60-63% conversion (HPLC, about 20 hours), filter out the enzyme termination reaction.With 10l MTBE detersive enzyme twice, and organic layer 90l and 30l carbonate aqueous solution (150g Na
2CO
3In 1l water) flushing continuously.Extract carbonate solution twice with 10l MTBE.Then, the organic layer of merging is with 30l water, by 40l 30%HCl being dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid and the 10l water continuous washing that obtains in the 15l water.Under 60 ℃ of vacuum, distill MTBE.Crystalline residue (4.6kg) is dissolved in 15l 96%EtOH at 60 ℃, follow stirring in this solution, to add the 10l normal hexane.Mixture is cooled to about 10 ℃, stir after 2 to 10 hours, the sucking-off crystallized product, with 10l ethanol/hexane (15/35v/v) and also dry with 5l normal hexane continuous washing, crystallized product is pure (ee98%) (+)-enantiomorph, that is, and and R-(+)-2,3-dihydro-5-nitro-7-chloro-1,4-benzodioxan-2-methyl alcohol [R-(+)-BDA]; The about 4kg of output.116.0 ℃ of fusing points; [α]
D 25=+194.8 ℃ of (c=4.5; Methyl alcohol).
The saponification of S-(-)-BDA ester that example VII A I generates
Reaction formula
In the combining water layer of example VI experiment, add 15l 50%NaOH at about 23 ℃.About 15 hours of 23 ℃ of stirred reaction mixtures, be cooled to 5 ℃ then, after the grafting, stirred the mixture 3 hours at 5 ℃.Behind the sucking-off crystallized product, obtain to have the product alcohol of excessive S-(-)-BDA enantiomorph with the also dry output of 60l water washing with about 10kg.
The racemization of example VII A IS-(-)-BDA enantiomorph
Reaction formula
At nitrogen with under refluxing, S-(-)-BDA that example VII A is obtained is dissolved in the 6l n-propyl alcohol with the amount of 1kg.With adding the 235ml2N NaOH aqueous solution in about 15 minutes this solution of clockwise.Solution was refluxed 1.5 hours.After being cooled to about 40 ℃, add the dense HCl solution of 47ml (to pH=3).Steam propyl alcohol in about 60 ℃ of following vacuum.In resistates, add the 4l normal hexane, be cooled to 20 ℃ and follow slow stirring to make this solution graft copolymerization, 20 ℃ stirred two hours and 0 ℃ spend the night after, the sucking-off crystallized product is also used 0.5l normal hexane washed twice, crystallized product and 7.5l water were stirred 1 hour at about 70 ℃, after being cooled to 20 ℃, added 350ml normal hexane and restir one hour, filter out crystallized product and use 0.5l normal hexane washed twice.After the drying, obtain required racemize BDA with output 850g; Content 95%; Ee=0.108.2 ℃ of fusing points.
Equally by with the diisopropylaminoethyl lithium as alkali, at THF as also finishing the racemize step under the solvent: 40 ℃ of temperature of reaction; 5.5 racemization is complete after hour.
The saponification of example I XS-(-)-BDA ester and simultaneous racemization
The buck layer that obtains in example VI to equal portions (obtains 43.5g (126mmol) S-(-)-BDA ester, 620ml carbonate aqueous solution (150g Na thus
2CO
3In 1l water), 150ml water and 59ml acetonitrile) middle 250ml ethanol and the 50ml 50%w/v aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of adding.Followed the stirring and refluxing reaction mixture 16 hours.After being cooled to 40 ℃, carefully add 160ml12N aqueous hydrochloric acid (pH is approximately 5).With the reaction mixture cool to room temperature, after this sucking-off solid product washes with water and drying.The acquisition enantiomeric excess is 23.8g light brown (±)-BDA of 0.
Embodiment X prepares flesinoxan from R-(+)-BDA
Reaction formula
(a). in methylene chloride, R-(+)-BDA (1) carries out benzoylation with benzene first chlorine and generates compound (2).
In the solution of 20g (0.081mol) compound (1) in 250ml methylene dichloride and 42ml triethylamine, drip 10.1ml (0.086mol) Benzoyl chloride; Temperature is 25 ℃.Adding 10ml water also stirs after 10 minutes and separates liquid layer.With 50ml water flushing organic layer, with the water layer of 25ml dichloromethane extraction merging.Merge organic layer, and 100 millibars and 30 ℃ of evaporations.After adding 100ml toluene, product is evaporated to drying (10mbar, 50 ℃).
Obtain required compound 2, productive rate 97.3%, purity 97.5%.
TLC (eluent: CH
2Cl
2/ CH
3OH/NH
4OH=94/5/1): Rf=0.71.
(b). in the presence of the Pd/C of catalytic amount, become corresponding amino-compound (3) with hydrogen reducing nitro-compound (2); Ethanol is solvent.
In the solution of 6.0g (16.7mmol) compound (2) in 120ml ethanol and 40ml ethyl acetate, add 1.50g Pd/C prepared product (39.1%Pd/C10% and 60.9% water).Stir after 5 minutes, add 10.8g (10 equivalent) ammonium formiate, beginning at room temperature stirred the mixture 1 hour, stirred 2 hours at 40 ℃ then.Reaction mixture is cooled to 20～25 ℃, filters Pd/C and use the 50ml washing with alcohol.100 millibars and 50 ℃ of ethanol evaporation.Resistates is dissolved in 75ml ethyl acetate and 5ml 2N hydrogenation sodium water solution.After liquid layer separates, use twice of 10ml ethyl acetate extraction water layer.The organic layer that merges 25ml water washing secondary, and be decompressed to dried at 100 millibars and 50 ℃.After 50 ℃ of vacuum-drying, the required product (3) of acquisition, purity is 96.0%, productive rate 97.0%.
TLC (seeing above-mentioned): Rf=0.67.The fusing point of hydrochloride: 218-223 ℃.[α]
D 25=+65.1 ° of (c=3.38; Methyl alcohol).
(c) make solvent with dimethylbenzene and become corresponding piperazine-compound (4) with two (2-chloroethyl) amine hydrochlorates conversion aminocompounds (3).
In the 50ml xylene solution of 4.40g (14.8mmol) compound (3), add 2.8g (14.8mmol) two (2-chloroethyl) amine hydrochlorate.Reaction mixture refluxed is 48 hours under nitrogen atmosphere.After reaction mixture is cooled to 35 ℃, be added in 1.36ml 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in 25ml 5% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution.Reaction mixture was stirred 3 hours down at 35 ℃, add 10ml2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 20ml water then.After 10 minutes, reaction mixture is cooled to 20-25 ℃ 35 ℃ of stirrings, separates liquid layer.With 25ml water washing dimethylbenzene layer three times.10mbar and 50 ℃ organic layer is decompressed to dried (100% ethanol is entrainer).Obtain required product (4), purity 85.5%, productive rate 82.3%.
TLC (seeing above-mentioned): Rf=0.07, the fusing point of HCl-salt: 183-186 ℃.[α]
D 25＝+63.66°(c＝1.67；CH
3OH)。
(d) diethylenediamine compound (4) and 4-fluoro benzoyl aziridine reacting generating compound (5).
Will be to fluoro benzoyl aziridine (53.8g; 325mmol) join in the compound (4) of 100.7g (284mmol) with 200ml toluene.Reaction mixture is remained under 80 ℃ of decompressions (rotary evaporation); Evaporation 150ml.After adding 100ml toluene, reaction mixture 2 hours more as mentioned above.Be evaporated to do after, join methyl alcohol in the resistates and make product 5 ℃ of crystallizations.Behind the sucking-off product, with methyl alcohol (200ml) and hexane (400ml) continuous washing, and dry.Obtain required compound 5, purity is 82%, and output is 105g (71%).Handle the required product that mother liquor obtains additional content.
TLC (seeing above-mentioned): Rf=0.59.Fusing point: 126-127 ℃
[α]
D 25＝+56°。(c＝4.32；CH
3OH)。
(e) ester (5) and KOH saponification in EtOH are used the HCl acidifying subsequently in EtOH, generate flesinoxan (6).
In the suspension of 104g (0.2mol) compound (5) in 1500ml 96% ethanol, add the solution of 1.4g (0.25mol) KOH in 10ml water.20-25 ℃ stir 3.5 hours after, in 100mbar and 50 ℃ of ethanol evaporation.Water (500ml) and methylene dichloride (200ml) are joined in the resistates, and reaction mixture was stirred 5 minutes.After separating liquid layer, water layer 250ml dichloromethane extraction.Twice of 100ml water washing of the organic layer that merges.After the drying, organic solution is evaporated to the about 200ml of residual volume.In this resistates, add the 300ml ethyl acetate, and evaporate 100ml liquid.After adding the 100ml normal hexane, product is spent the night 5 ℃ of crystallizations.The filtering for crystallizing product is with 30ml cold ethyl acetate and 200ml normal hexane continuous washing, 30 ℃ of dryings.Obtain Flesinoxan (purity 78%), output 73g.
TLC (seeing above-mentioned): Rf=0.67.Fusing point: 183-185 ℃
[α]
D 20＝+27.8°(c＝2.49；CH
3OH)。
Embodiment XI
At room temperature follow stirring with 0.2M 5-chloro-2, the solution insulation in TBME/ acetonitrile/water (90/10/0.3 v/v/v) of 3-dihydro-7-nitro-1,4-benzo two oxines (dioxin)-2-methyl alcohol, 0.34M succinyl oxide and 2% (w/v) Candida cylindracea lipase (Meito MY).41% alcohol transforms back (determining with Zorbax C-post), filters termination reaction.Remaining alcohol contains enantiomeric excess 38% (uses Chiracel
-OD post is determined) (+)-enantiomorph.
Embodiment XII6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-8-nitro-1, the preparation of 4-benzoxazine-3-methyl alcohol
Reaction formula:
(a) stirring adds 30ml (314mmol) diacetyl oxide down in the suspension of 18.5g (91mmol) compound (7) in 50ml toluene.
After 4 hours, add the diacetyl oxide of other 10ml 100 ℃ of heating.Heated continuously again 2 hours.Carefully add about 25ml ethanol after removing heating bath.Behind the cool to room temperature, reaction mixture ethyl acetate and water treatment.Organic layer washes twice and uses dried over mgso with water, filters the final vacuum evaporating solvent.In the light brown solid of 18.23g, add 75ml ethanol and 80ml 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.At room temperature stir this garnet suspension whole night.After being cooled to 0 ℃, add 90ml 2N hydrochloric acid soln.The sucking-off solid matter also washes twice with water, after drying under room temperature and the normal pressure, obtains 16.5g orange powder (8).
TLC (eluent: ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 40-65 ℃=50/50): Rf=0.3, fusing point: 156-160 ℃.
(b) in the solution of 8g (34.5mmol) compound (8) in 80ml toluene and 8.0ml-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-mixture, add 5.6g (40mmol) potassium carbonate powder.Stirred reaction mixture is one hour under reflux temperature, removes by Dean-Rodney Stark couch device and anhydrates.Under atmospheric pressure steam toluene.After being cooled to 100 ℃, add 9.3g (41mmol) toluenesulphonic acids glycidyl ester.After 4.5 hours, suspension is cooled to room temperature 120 ℃ of stirrings.Water and ethyl acetate diluted reaction mixture, and make pH rise to 5 with the 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid.Twice of ethyl acetate extraction of water layer.The organic layer that merges is with the salt water washing and use dried over mgso, filter out sal epsom after, evaporating solvent under vacuum condition, acquisition 10.86g dark-brown oil.Press chromatogram purification (eluent: ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 40-65 ℃=25/75) to obtain red flaky 4.18g compound (9) in the warp.
Fusing point: 76-84 ℃.
TLC (seeing above-mentioned): Rf=0.15.
(c) in the suspension of 3g (10mmol) compound (9) in 100ml methyl alcohol and 30ml water mixture, add the 1.44g potassium carbonate powder.After at room temperature stirring 1.5 hours, dilute with water is handled this reaction mixture, and with twice of ethyl acetate extraction.The organic layer that merges is with weak brine washing three times and use dried over mgso.After filtering out sal epsom, vacuum evaporating solvent obtains 2.53g orange solid chemical compound (10) (NMR).
TLC (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 40-65 ℃=75/25): Rf=0.3.
1H-NMR: δ (ppm) 6.99 (d, 1H, fragrance); 6.90 (s, 1H, NH); (6.88 d, 1H, fragrance); 5.02 (t, 1H, CH
2OH); 4.19 (dd, 1H, OCH
2CH); 4.11 (dd, 1H, OCH
2CH); 3.40/3.50 (different mountain, 3H, CHCH
2OH).
Embodiment XIII
With 0.35M 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-8-nitro-1,4-benzoxazine-3-methyl alcohol, 0.6M succinyl oxide and 3.3% (w/v) Candidacylindracea lipase (Meito
MY) solution in TBME/ acetonitrile/water (90/10/0.6 v/v/v) follows stirring at room temperature to be incubated.Transform 47% alcohol back (using Zorbax C-post determines), filter termination reaction.(+)-enantiomorph that contains enantiomeric excess 39% in the remaining alcohol (is used Chiracel
-OD post is determined).
Embodiment XIV
With 0.13M 2,3-dihydro-7-nitro-1,6-benzo two oxines-2-methyl alcohol, the solution of 0.24M butyryl oxide and 25% (w/v) lipase in Di Iso Propyl Ether/acetonitrile/water (50/50/0.5 v/v/v) follow stirring at room temperature to be incubated.64% alcohol transforms hand, filters termination reaction.Remaining alcohol contains (+)-enantiomorph of enantiomeric excess 42.4%.
Embodiment XV (+)-2,3-dihydro-7-nitro-1, the racemization of 4-benzo two oxines-2-methyl alcohol
To 0.1g (47mmol) (+)-2,3-dihydro-7-nitro-1,4-benzo two oxines-2-methyl alcohol ([α]
D 20=+65.5 (c=0.58,96% ethanol)) add 0.2ml (40mmol) 2N sodium hydroxide solution in the solution in 15ml ethanol.Reflux after 125 hours, make reaction mixture be cooled to room temperature.The dilute with water reaction mixture is also used ethyl acetate extraction twice, organic layer dried over mgso.After filtering out sal epsom, evaporating solvent under the vacuum obtains 0.1g light brown solid matter.Specific rotation (seeing above-mentioned) is 0, adopts chirality α-glycoprotein (AGP) post to analyze enantiomeric excess, and the result is ee=0.
Adopt n-propyl alcohol to make solvent, bearing reaction 30 hours.
Embodiment XVI (+)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-nitro-1, the racemize of 4-benzo two oxines-2-methyl alcohol
To 0.85g (3.46mmol) (+)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-nitro-1,4-benzo two oxines-2-methyl alcohol ([α]
D 20=+55 (c=0.4, ethanol)) add 15ml 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the solution in 80ml ethanol.Reflux after 16 hours, make mixture be cooled to room temperature, and as described in embodiment XV, handle.The specific rotation (seeing above-mentioned) of the solid matter that obtains is 0.Chiral analysis on the Chiracel-OD post demonstrates ee=0.
Embodiment XVII (+)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-8-nitro-1,4-benzoxazine-3-methyl alcohol
To 2g (8.18mmol) (+)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-8-nitro-1,4-benzoxazine-3-methyl alcohol ([α]
D 20=+14 (c=0.71,96% ethanol)) add the 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the solution in 50ml ethanol.Reflux after 3 hours, add the 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of other equal portions of 1ml.Reflux after 32 hours, make reaction mixture be cooled to room temperature, and dilute, twice of ethyl acetate extraction of water layer with salt solution.
The organic layer that merges is with the weak brine washed twice and use dried over mgso.After filtering out sal epsom and vacuum evaporating solvent, obtain the orange-brown solid matter of 1.83g.Specific rotation is 0, and the chiral analysis on the Chiracel-OD post demonstrates ee=0.
Embodiment XVIII is by the racemization of sodium hydride
To 0.2g (0.8mmol) R-(+)-BDA be suspended in the mixture of 0.01g (0.5 equivalent) 60% sodium hydride in the mineral oil and add 5mlDMF.Gas at this orange solution of stirring at room, was finished racemization after stopping to take place in 0.75 hour, analyze by the Chiracel-OD post.
In the THF solvent, this reaction equally successfully takes place.
Claims (4)
1. stereoselectivity prepares the enzymatic means of hetero-bicyclic alcohol enantiomorph, it is characterized in that containing the enantiomorph that enantiomeric purity surpasses 95% general formula (I) by following successive reaction step from its corresponding pure racemic modification preparation
Wherein X is O, S, NH, N (C
1-C
4) alkyl or CH
2
Y
1, Y
2And Y
3Be hydrogen or be selected from halogen, C independently of one another
1-C
4Alkyl, C
1-C
4Alkoxyl group, C
1-C
4The substituting group of haloalkyl, nitro and cyano group;
NO
2Substituting group is connected in the 5-or the 7-position of bicyclic system; And
C
*-atom has R or S configuration;
(i) under the influence of enzyme, make described racemic modification acidylate with acylating agent with stereoselectivity esterification activity;
(ii) from the ester that generates, separate nonesterified compound, and separate the required enantiomeric purity that contains and surpass 95% formula I alcohol enantiomorph or its ester;
(iii) make the ester hydrolysis of generation, transforming described ester thus is corresponding pure enantiomorph; And
(iv) under alkaline condition, unwanted pure enantiomorph is changed into initial pure racemic modification, so that its repeated application.
2. method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that adopting enough strong alkaline condition to make (iii) and reactions steps combination (iv), to carry out the racemization of ester hydrolysis and pure enantiomorph simultaneously.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that containing enantiomeric purity, to surpass 95% general formula (II) enantiomorph be successive reaction step preparation by claim 1,
Y wherein
1Be hydrogen or the substituting group that is selected from chlorine, fluorine and methyl;
NO
2Substituting group is connected the 5-or the 7-position of bicyclic system; With
C
*-atom or have the R configuration or have the S configuration.
In the claim 1 expression contain the pure enantiomorph that enantiomeric purity surpasses 95% general formula I, wherein X and substituting group Y have definition given in the claim 1,
NO
2Substituting group is connected the 5-or the 7-position of bicyclic system; And
C
*-atom has the R configuration.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL9220404 | 1992-12-21 | ||
| NL92204043.1 | 1992-12-21 | ||
| EP92204043.1 | 1992-12-21 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN99121080A Division CN1255496A (en) | 1992-12-21 | 1999-10-06 | Application of heterobicyclic alcohol antimer for preparing piperazine derivative |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1101378A CN1101378A (en) | 1995-04-12 |
| CN1054882C true CN1054882C (en) | 2000-07-26 |
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ID=19861737
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN93121130A Expired - Fee Related CN1054882C (en) | 1992-12-21 | 1993-12-17 | Enzymatic process for the stereoselective preparation of a hetero-bicyclic alcohol enantiomer |
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|---|---|
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| HU (1) | HU213569B (en) |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4540792A (en) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-09-10 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Process for the preparation of a free L α-amino acid |
| EP0185429A1 (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-06-25 | Duphar International Research B.V | New bicyclic heteroaryl piperazines |
| EP0372657A1 (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1990-06-13 | Duphar International Research B.V | Anxiolytically active piperazine derivatives |
-
1993
- 1993-12-16 HU HU9303619A patent/HU213569B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-17 CN CN93121130A patent/CN1054882C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4540792A (en) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-09-10 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Process for the preparation of a free L α-amino acid |
| EP0185429A1 (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-06-25 | Duphar International Research B.V | New bicyclic heteroaryl piperazines |
| EP0372657A1 (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1990-06-13 | Duphar International Research B.V | Anxiolytically active piperazine derivatives |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| TETRAHEDRON LETTERS VOL.33,NO.42 1992.10.13 M.D.ENNIS ET AL .ENZYMATIC FESOLUTION OF 2-HYDROXYNETHYL-1,4-BENZODIOXANDE * |
| TETRAHEDRON LETTERS VOL.33,NO.42 1992.10.13 M.D.ENNIS ET AL .ENZYMATIC FESOLUTION OF 2-HYDROXYNETHYL-1,4-BENZODIOXANDE;TETRAHEDRON LETTERS VOL.33,NO.42 1992.10.13 M.D.ENNIS ET AL THE SYNTHESIS OF (+)-AND(-)FLESINOXAN APPLICATION OF ENZYM ATIC RESOLUTT ON NETHODOLOG * |
| TETRAHEDRON LETTERS VOL.33,NO.42 1992.10.13 M.D.ENNIS ET AL THE SYNTHESIS OF (+)-AND(-)FLESINOXAN APPLICATION OF ENZYM ATIC RESOLUTT ON NETHODOLOG * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU213569B (en) | 1997-08-28 |
| CN1101378A (en) | 1995-04-12 |
| HUT67694A (en) | 1995-04-28 |
| HU9303619D0 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
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