CN104817395A - Controlled-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Controlled-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controlled-release compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer. The controlled-release compound fertilizer comprises quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and film type controlled-release fertilizer. The film type controlled-release fertilizer comprises interior compound fertilizer and outer film materials. The interior compound fertilizer is prepared by nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassic fertilizer, compound micro-fertilizer, Chinese herbal medicine and potassium monopersulfate. The outer film materials comprise lignin, humic acid, dicyandiamide, modified high-surface-activity mineral powder, binder and the balance of water. The compound fertilizer can control release speed of nutrients and has remarkable release effect. The film materials are fertilizer nutrients, and secondary pollution cannot be caused when the compound fertilizer is applied into the soil. In addition, husks and straws of crops are utilized, agricultural cost is reduced, Chinese herbal medicine and potassium monopersulfate are added and crop diseases and pests can be effectively controlled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, relate to a kind of efficient slow controlled release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is widely used in agriculture production in China, effectively improves the output of farm crop, for developing rapidly of agricultural has made significant contribution.But the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer is not high, chemical fertilizer nutrient runs off serious.According to statistics, the average utilization of chemical fertilizer available nutrient only has 30 ~ 35%, and fertilizer efficiency period is short.Trace it to its cause, chemical fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio is not high not only by the impact of soil type, climatope, crop varieties, planting technology, but also is subject to the impact of the factors such as type, chemical fertilizer quality, application process of chemical fertilizer.These factors cause after chemical fertilizer is manured into soil, and utilize after only having the absorbed by crops and microbial transformation of small part nutrient, most of nutrient then to be decomposed, to volatilize, the form loss such as leaching.
The problem that chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low in order to solve, fertilizer efficiency period is short, way common at present mainly contains two kinds, and a kind of is that fertilizer is directly or indirectly linked to the chemical process on preformed polymkeric substance with covalency or ionic linkage; Another kind is the physical method of the semipermeability material by the appearance coating and cladding inertia at quick acting fertilizer.Because chemical process produces sustained-controll-release fertiliser complex process, not easily control, so adopt physical method more.
China's sustained-controll-release fertiliser is based on sulfur coating urea, sulfur coating compound manure, coated with resin compound manure, ultimate production accounts for more than 80% of sustained-controll-release fertiliser total amount, and other slow control fertilizer produced for coated fertilizer with natural organic and inorganic fertilizer classes such as water-soluble little ground phosphate rock, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Mierocrystalline celluloses only account for sub-fraction.Sustained-controll-release fertiliser can reduce chemical fertilizer nutrient and run off, improve chemical fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio, solve nitrate in the soil and agricultural-food caused because of a large amount of applied nitrogen to accumulate in a large number, affect the problem of quality of agricultural product, and the nutrient supply can coordinated in crop cycle, reduce Effects of Fertilization Frequency and intensity etc., but there is following defect in Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser at present:
1, coated fertilizer is not fertilizer nutrient, and its use not only reduces the nutrient content of fertilizer, and life-time service can change the crumb structure of soil, nutrient structure and micro-ecological environment balance; 2, nitrogenous fertilizer is all wrapped the phenomenon often causing plant growth nitrogen stress in early stage.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of efficient, cheap, novel slow controlled release compound fertilizer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of slow controlled release compound fertilizer, is characterized in that, be made up of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser; Described Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser is made up of internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer;
Described internal layer composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, phosphate fertilizer 12%, potash fertilizer 30%, compound trace element fertilizer 8%, Chinese herb residues 5%, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate 5%;
Described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: xylogen 20 ~ 30%, humic acids 15 ~ 20%, Dyhard RU 100 15 ~ 20%, modification highly surface activated mineral powder 5% ~ 8%, tackiness agent 5% ~ 10%, surplus is water.
Further, the weight ratio of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and film sustained-controll-release fertiliser is 10 ~ 20:80 ~ 90.
Further, the weight ratio of described internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer is 1:0.2.
Further, the nitrogenous fertilizer in described internal layer composite fertilizer material to be nitrogenous be 46.6% urea, described phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate or calcium phosphate, and described potash fertilizer is Repone K or potassium sulfate.
Further, the compound trace element fertilizer in described internal layer composite fertilizer material is made up of the raw material of following weight part: manganous sulfate 5 ~ 10, ferrous sulfate 5 ~ 10, zinc sulfate 5 ~ 10, borax 2 ~ 5, ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 5.
Further, described Chinese herb residues is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cloves 5 ~ 10, Kadsura Root-bark 5 ~ 10, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 5 ~ 10, turmeric 5 ~ 10, balloonflower root 5 ~ 10, the tuber of stemona 2 ~ 5, pseudolaricis 5 ~ 10, black false hellebore 2 ~ 6, print chinaberry 2 ~ 6, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae) 5 ~ 10, Azalea pontica 2 ~ 5, calamus 2 ~ 5, rhizome of cyrtomium 2 ~ 5; The effective constituent of described ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate is 42.8%-46%.
Further, the xylogen in described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the farm crop cot of following weight part, stalk:
Rice hulls 10 ~ 30, rapeseed hull 10 ~ 30, cotton seed hulls 10 ~ 30, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 10 ~ 30, chestnut shell 10 ~ 20, nut-shell 10 ~ 20, bagasse 10 ~ 20, maize straw 20 ~ 50, tabacco straw 20 ~ 50, rice straw 20 ~ 50, wheat stalk 20 ~ 50.
Further, the material modification highly surface activated mineral powder in described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the natural mineral of following weight part: montmorillonite 2 ~ 6, kaolin 2 ~ 8, diatomite 2 ~ 4, zeolite 2 ~ 4; Described tackiness agent is natural rosin, Xylo-Mucine.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of slow controlled release compound fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
One, the preparation of raw material:
(1) preparation of xylogen: standby by high-boiling point alcohol legal system;
1. take raw material by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, dry, pulverize, removing impurity, crosses 40 mesh sieves;
2. take the raw material 1. processed through step to be placed in stainless steel polymermaking autoclave, the mixed solvent adding high boiling alcohol and water, to submergence amount, adds a small amount of catalyst aid simultaneously, heats up, and allows the Mierocrystalline cellulose in material of vegetable origin be separated with lignin liquor;
When 3. arriving predetermined time and temperature, pressure, logical water of condensation cools, and lignin deposit is separated out;
4. filter, centrifugation, be filtered dry after filter cake is washed with water, after oven dry, lyophilize, namely obtain the xylogen of brown powder;
(2) preparation of modification highly surface activated mineral powder;
Required highly surface activated mineral montmorillonite, kaolin, diatomite, zeolite is taken by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, grinding fine powder, take the suspension that certain mass is made into 3%, add appropriate surfactant-modified, be placed in thermostat water bath and stir, leave standstill cool to room temperature, suction filtration is separated, decorating film distilled water repetitive scrubbing, dry, ground 80 mesh sieves, namely activation 2h obtains the highly surface activated mineral powder of modification;
Described tensio-active agent is the one in CETRIMIDE POWDER (CTMAB), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMAB), brocide (CPB), dodecyl bromide pyridine (DPB);
(3) preparation of Chinese herb residues;
Take Chinese medicine material cloves by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, Kadsura Root-bark, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, turmeric, balloonflower root, the tuber of stemona, pseudolaricis, black false hellebore, print chinaberry, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae), Azalea pontica, calamus, rhizome of cyrtomium cleaned, dry, run through, chopping or section, put into marmite, add 6 times of water soakings 6 hours, then heat 2 hours, leach filtrate, obtain filtrate one, filter residue is placed back in marmite, add 3 times of water, heat 1 hour, filtering filtrate, obtain filtrate two, merging filtrate one and filtrate two, obtain Chinese herbal medicine filtrate, Chinese herb residues is for subsequent use;
Two, the preparation of internal layer composite fertilizer:
A, above-mentioned weight percent and weight part take required nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, compound trace element fertilizer, Chinese herb residues, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate, horizontal mixer or pan mixer is adopted to carry out mix and blend, pulverize caking, stir to obtain material one;
B, middle drug filtrate obtained in above-mentioned steps (3) is cooled to room temperature, evenly sprays in material one, and add suitable quantity of water, make this raw mixture have certain humidity, become bulk;
C, the bulk raw mixture obtained by step B are sent in tablets press and are carried out granulation, can adopt granulating disc, rotary drum granulator or pair roller Squeezinggranulator;
D, tentatively sieve pellet product with cylinder round sifter, the underproof particle being less than 2mm and being greater than 5mm is returned the reprocessing of step C link;
E, by good for granulation and send rotary drum drying machine to through the particle of diameter between 2mm and 5mm of one-level screening and carry out drying;
F, by dry after particle cooling;
Three, the preparation of slow controlled release compound fertilizer:
A takes required xylogen, humic acids, Dyhard RU 100, modification highly surface activated mineral powder by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, mixes, and crosses 40 mesh sieves, obtains material two;
B mixes tamanori and water by material 1, adds sulfuric acid and adjusts pH to 4, stir and obtain outer coated fertilizer;
The granular composite fertilizer that step 2 is prepared by c puts into rotary drum coating machine, power-on, compound fertilizer granule is rotated in rotary drum, utilize the outer coated fertilizer that spray gun obtains toward fertiliser granulates surface sprinkling step 2, air seasoning, after forming even, the smooth coating of one deck to particle exterior surface, cooling, sieve, obtain material three;
D takes required instant nitrogenousfertilizer by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part and material three mixes in proportion, and packs, and obtains slow controlled release compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention.
Using method: slow controlled release compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used as base manure or use of topdressing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the outer coated fertilizer of composite fertilizer disclosed by the invention can form one deck porous membranes on the surface of granulated fertilizer, and by temperature head, psychrometric difference, concentration difference, control the release rate of nutrient, slow release effect is remarkable; And namely coated fertilizer is fertilizer nutrient, can increase soil nutrient in being manured into soil, life-time service also can not the crumb structure of spoiled soil, nutrient structure and micro-ecological environment balance, can not cause secondary pollution to environment;
2, outer coated fertilizer disclosed by the invention adopt xylogen, the highly surface activated mineral powder of modification and urease inhibitor humic acids and nitrification inhibitor Dyhard RU 100 with the use of, synergy strengthens greatly, slow down or weaken common nitrogenous fertilizer because being hydrolyzed too fast and ammonia loss by volatilization that is that produce, in soil, available nitrogen content significantly improves, reduce volatilization, leaching loss and denitrification, extend the retention time of nutrient in soil, thus improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the crop single-dose application of one season, saving of work and time, high financial profit; And xylogen is the preparation such as cot, stalk utilizing agricultural wastes farm crop, achieves agricultural resources recycle, decreases agricultural cost;
3, with the addition of Chinese herb residues and ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate, there is killing pests and suppressing bacteria effect, can effectively prevent crop pest and bacterial disease, and can not drug residue be caused, cause the secondary pollution to environment; And Chinese herb residues is as the plant-derived material of one, be a kind of very safe high-quality fertilizer starting material, with inorganic fertilizer with the use of, can play and improve Soil structure, increase the effect of soil fertility; And trace element adds the nutritive ingredient of soil simultaneously.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of slow controlled release compound fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight percent:
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer bicarbonate of ammonia 10%, Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser 90%.
Described Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser is made up of internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer; The weight ratio of described internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer is 1:0.2; Internal layer composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: nitrogenous be 46.6% urea 40%, monoammonium phosphate 12%, Repone K 30%, compound trace element fertilizer 8%, Chinese herb residues 5%, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate 5%; Described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: xylogen 20%, humic acids 15%, Dyhard RU 100 15%, modification highly surface activated mineral powder 5%, tackiness agent 5%, and surplus is water;
Described compound trace element fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: manganous sulfate 5, ferrous sulfate 5, zinc sulfate 5, borax 2, ammonium molybdate 2; Described Chinese prescription is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cloves 5, Kadsura Root-bark 5, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 5, turmeric 5, balloonflower root 5, the tuber of stemona 2, pseudolaricis 5, black false hellebore 2, print chinaberry 2, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae) 5, Azalea pontica 2, calamus 2, rhizome of cyrtomium 2; The effective constituent of described ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate is 42.8%;
Described xylogen is made up of the farm crop cot of following weight part, stalk: rice hulls 10, rapeseed hull 10, cotton seed hulls 10, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 10, chestnut shell 10, nut-shell 10, bagasse 10, maize straw 20, tabacco straw 20, rice straw 20, wheat stalk 20;
Described modification highly surface activated mineral powder is made up of the natural mineral of following weight part: montmorillonite 2, kaolin 2, diatomite 2, zeolite 2;
Described humic acids, Dyhard RU 100 are market and buy; Described tackiness agent is natural rosin;
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow controlled release compound fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
One, the preparation of raw material:
1, the preparation of xylogen: standby by high-boiling point alcohol legal system, specifically comprises the following steps:
1. take required raw material by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, dry, pulverize, removing impurity, crosses 40 mesh sieves;
2. taking the raw material 1. processed through step is placed in stainless steel polymermaking autoclave, add the mixed solvent of high boiling alcohol ethylene glycol and water to submergence amount, add a small amount of catalyst aid (such as: cellulase simultaneously, addition 0.05%), be warmed up to 220 DEG C, allow the Mierocrystalline cellulose in material of vegetable origin be separated with lignin liquor;
3. extract 120min, when top pressure is 2.6MPa, logical water of condensation cools, and lignin deposit is separated out;
4. filter, then wash 2 times with the ethylene glycol of 70%, and pour in reaction solution by washings, reacted mixture is 3500r/min centrifugation 5min at rotating speed, is filtered dry after being washed with water by filter cake, namely obtains the xylogen of brown powder after oven dry, lyophilize.
2, the preparation of modification highly surface activated mineral powder:
Required highly surface activated mineral montmorillonite, kaolin, diatomite, zeolite is taken by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, grinding fine powder, take the suspension that certain mass is made into 3%, add tensio-active agent CETRIMIDE POWDER (CTMAB) modification of appropriate (0.5%), be placed in thermostat water bath to stir, leave standstill cool to room temperature, suction filtration is separated, decorating film distilled water repetitive scrubbing, dry, ground 80 mesh sieves, namely activation 2h obtains the highly surface activated mineral powder of modification.
3, the preparation of Chinese herb residues:
Take Chinese medicine material cloves by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, Kadsura Root-bark, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, turmeric, balloonflower root, the tuber of stemona, pseudolaricis, black false hellebore, print chinaberry, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae), Azalea pontica, calamus, rhizome of cyrtomium cleaned, dry, run through, chopping or section, put into marmite, add 6 times of water soakings 6 hours, then heat 2 hours, leach filtrate, obtain filtrate one, filter residue is placed back in marmite, add 3 times of water, heat 1 hour, filtering filtrate, obtain filtrate two, merging filtrate one and filtrate two, obtain Chinese herbal medicine filtrate, Chinese herb residues is for subsequent use;
Two, the preparation of internal layer composite fertilizer:
A, take required nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, compound trace element fertilizer, Chinese herb residues, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, horizontal mixer or pan mixer is adopted to carry out mix and blend, pulverize caking, stir to obtain material one;
B, middle drug filtrate obtained in above-mentioned steps (3) is cooled to room temperature, evenly sprays in material one, and add suitable quantity of water, make this raw mixture have certain humidity (can bulk be become);
C, the bulk raw mixture obtained by step B are sent in tablets press and are carried out granulation (can adopt granulating disc, rotary drum granulator or pair roller Squeezinggranulator etc.);
D, tentatively sieve pellet product with cylinder round sifter, the underproof particle being less than 2mm and being greater than 5mm is returned the reprocessing of step C link;
E, by good for granulation and send rotary drum drying machine to through the particle of diameter between 2mm and 5mm of one-level screening and carry out drying;
F, by dry after particle cooling;
Three, the preparation of slow controlled release compound fertilizer:
A, to take required xylogen, humic acids, Dyhard RU 100, modification highly surface activated mineral powder by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, mix, cross 40 mesh sieves, obtain material two;
B, mix a certain proportion of tamanori and water by material 1, add sulphur acid for adjusting pH to 4, stir and obtain outer coated fertilizer;
C, granular composite fertilizer step 2 prepared put into rotary drum coating machine, power-on, compound fertilizer granule is rotated in rotary drum, utilize the outer coated fertilizer that spray gun obtains toward fertiliser granulates surface sprinkling step 2, air seasoning, after forming even, the smooth coating of one deck to particle exterior surface, cooling, sieve, obtain material three;
D, take required instant nitrogenousfertilizer by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part and material three mixes in proportion, pack, obtain slow controlled release compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention.
Using method: slow controlled release compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used as base manure or use of topdressing.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of slow controlled release compound fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight percent:
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer ammonium sulfate 20%, Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser 80%.
Described Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser is made up of internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer; The weight ratio of described internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer is 1:0.2; Internal layer composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: nitrogenous be 46.6% urea 40%, calcium phosphate 12%, potassium sulfate 30%, compound trace element fertilizer 8%, Chinese herb residues 5%, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate 5%; Outer coated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Xylogen 30%, humic acids 20%, Dyhard RU 100 20%, modification highly surface activated mineral powder 8%, tackiness agent 10%, surplus is water;
Described compound trace element fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: manganous sulfate 10, ferrous sulfate 10, zinc sulfate 10, borax 5, ammonium molybdate 5; Described Chinese prescription is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cloves 10, Kadsura Root-bark 10, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 10, turmeric 10, balloonflower root 10, the tuber of stemona 5, pseudolaricis 10, black false hellebore 6, print chinaberry 6, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae) 10, Azalea pontica 5, calamus 5, rhizome of cyrtomium 5; The effective constituent of described ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate is 46%;
Described xylogen is made up of the farm crop cot of following weight part, stalk: rice hulls 30, rapeseed hull 30, cotton seed hulls 30, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 30, chestnut shell 20, nut-shell 20, bagasse 20, maize straw 50, tabacco straw 50, rice straw 50, wheat stalk 50; Described modification highly surface activated mineral powder is made up of the natural mineral of following weight part: montmorillonite 6, kaolin 8, diatomite 4, zeolite 4;
Described humic acids, Dyhard RU 100 are market and buy; Described tackiness agent is Xylo-Mucine;
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow controlled release compound fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
One, the preparation of raw material:
1, the preparation of xylogen: standby by high-boiling point alcohol legal system, with embodiment 1, just changes high-boiling point alcohol into BDO;
2, the preparation of modification highly surface activated mineral powder: with embodiment 2, just changes tensio-active agent into dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMAB);
3, the preparation of Chinese herb residues: with embodiment 1;
Two, the preparation of internal layer composite fertilizer: with embodiment 1;
Three, the preparation of slow controlled release compound fertilizer: with embodiment 1;
Using method: with embodiment 1;
Embodiment 3:
A kind of slow controlled release compound fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight percent:
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer ammonium nitrate 15%, Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser 85%.
Described Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser is made up of internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer; The weight ratio of described internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer is 1:0.2; Internal layer composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: nitrogenous be 46.6% urea 40%, monoammonium phosphate 12%, Repone K 30%, compound trace element fertilizer 8%, Chinese herb residues 5%, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate 5%; Outer coated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: xylogen 25%, humic acids 18%, Dyhard RU 100 16%, modification highly surface activated mineral powder 6%, tackiness agent 8%, and surplus is water;
Described compound trace element fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: manganous sulfate 7, ferrous sulfate 8, zinc sulfate 6, borax 4, ammonium molybdate 3; Described Chinese prescription is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cloves 7, Kadsura Root-bark 8, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 6, turmeric 8, balloonflower root 6, the tuber of stemona 3, pseudolaricis 7, black false hellebore 4, print chinaberry 4, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae) 7, Azalea pontica 3, calamus 4, rhizome of cyrtomium 3; The effective constituent of described ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate is 45%;
Described xylogen is made up of the farm crop cot of following weight part, stalk: rice hulls 20, rapeseed hull 20, cotton seed hulls 20, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 20, chestnut shell 15, nut-shell 15, bagasse 15, maize straw 35, tabacco straw 35, rice straw 35, wheat stalk 35;
Described modification highly surface activated mineral powder is made up of the natural mineral of following weight part: montmorillonite 4, kaolin 5, diatomite 3, zeolite 3;
Described humic acids, Dyhard RU 100 are market and buy; Described tackiness agent is natural rosin;
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow controlled release compound fertilizer, with embodiment 1;
Using method: with embodiment 1;
Embodiment 4:
A kind of slow controlled release compound fertilizer, is made up of the raw material of following weight percent:
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea 17%, Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser 73%.
Described Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser is made up of internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer; The weight ratio of described internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer is 1:0.2; Internal layer composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: nitrogenous be 46.6% urea 40%, calcium phosphate 12%, potassium sulfate 30%, compound trace element fertilizer 8%, Chinese herb residues 5%, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate 5%; Outer coated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Xylogen 28%, humic acids 16%, Dyhard RU 100 19%, modification highly surface activated mineral powder 7%, tackiness agent 10%, surplus is water;
Described compound trace element fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: manganous sulfate 5, ferrous sulfate 10, zinc sulfate 7, borax 4, ammonium molybdate 2; Described Chinese prescription is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cloves 5, Kadsura Root-bark 10, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 5, turmeric 7, balloonflower root 6, the tuber of stemona 2, pseudolaricis 10, black false hellebore 3, print chinaberry 5, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae) 8, Azalea pontica 5, calamus 2, rhizome of cyrtomium 3; The effective constituent of described ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate is 46%;
Described xylogen is made up of the farm crop cot of following weight part, stalk: rice hulls 25, rapeseed hull 30, cotton seed hulls 10, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 24, chestnut shell 10, nut-shell 19, bagasse 13, maize straw 45, tabacco straw 20, rice straw 50, wheat stalk 35; Described modification highly surface activated mineral powder is made up of the natural mineral of following weight part: montmorillonite 2, kaolin 7, diatomite 3, zeolite 2;
Described humic acids, Dyhard RU 100 are market and buy; Described tackiness agent is Xylo-Mucine;
The preparation method of above-mentioned slow controlled release compound fertilizer, with embodiment 2;
Using method: with embodiment 2;
Slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer in above-described embodiment is applied to the plantation of paddy rice, and service condition is as follows:
For examination soil: Evening Tide soil, middle fertility, front stubble is wheat, and the soil organism is 18.6g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 164mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 164mg/kg, available potassium are 122mg/kg, PH is 6.1, is long-term wheat-paddy rice rotation plough land.
Test design: control group establishes 1 group, experimental group establishes 2 groups
Control group: use Common compound fertilizer 37.5kg, carbon ammonium 50kg as base manure, executing Common compound fertilizer 12.5kg, urea 10kg when turning green as topdressing, executing urea 10kg during heading as topdressing for every mu;
Experimental group 1: every mu uses slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer 37.5kg disclosed by the invention, carbon ammonium 50kg as base manure, executing slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer 12.5kg disclosed by the invention, urea 10kg as topdressing, executing urea 10kg as topdressing during heading when turning green;
Experimental group 2: every mu uses slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer 37.5kg disclosed by the invention, carbon ammonium 25kg as base manure; Executing slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer 12.5kg disclosed by the invention, urea 5kg when turning green as topdressing, executing urea 5kg during heading as topdressing;
After harvesting wheat, straw-returning, everywhere, soaked field of pouring water of ridging, rakes tractor rotary tillage two, rice transplanting mid-June, and seedling density is 2.22 ten thousand caves, every cave 3 ~ 4 strain, uses Butachlor technical 92 weeding before rice transplanting.Other management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control identical.
Table 1. compares the impact of paddy rice top cauline leaf
As can be seen from Table 1, use slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer experimental group 1 disclosed by the invention compared with the control group 1 using Common compound fertilizer, when equal consumption, 1 leaf, 2 leaves, the 3 leaf blade length that fall, add 2.2cm, 0.7cm, 2.4cm respectively, this is full for the large grain of Rice Panicle, raising output is significant; In addition, ear node, 2 joints, 3 joint length of falling, add 2.9cm ,-1.1cm, 1.4cm respectively, ear node is long, easily the large fringe of formation.Plant height comparatively Common compound fertilizer increases 2.1cm, but rice plant stalk is sturdy, special resistant to lodging.Show that slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer reserve strength disclosed by the invention is sufficient, easily form reasonable high yield plant type.Experimental group 2 is compared with control group, although the consumption of carbon ammonium and the consumption of urea decrease half, but plant height, blade length, panel length all change not quite, when showing paddy rice equal production volume, use slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer disclosed by the invention and can reduce common fertilizers for potted flowers consumption, reduce agricultural cost.
The impact of table 2. on Economic Character of Rice is compared
As can be seen from Table 2, the experimental group 1 using slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer disclosed by the invention compares with the control group 1 using Common compound fertilizer, peak seedling, seedling spike number add 0.7,4 respectively, spike length, total grain panicle number, fringe examples explain add 1.9,17,25, setting percentage improves 9.2%, thousand seed weight adds 1.7, and per mu yield stimulation ratio is 18.22%; Experimental group 2 is compared with control group, although the consumption of carbon ammonium and the consumption of urea decrease half, although the consumption of carbon ammonium and urea decreases half, peak seedling decreases 1.1 ten thousand, but seedling spike number adds 0.8 ten thousand, per mu yield stimulation ratio is 7.18%, shows that slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the long feature of fertilizer efficiency.
Another investigation, the experimental group 1 using slow controlled-releasing compounding fertilizer disclosed by the invention with 2 compared with the control group 1 using Common compound fertilizer, the Rice Diseases at Medium-late Growths such as banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, false smut obviously alleviate, and the control group paddy rice middle and later periods, invent a large amount of disease and pest phenomenon, carry out pesticide application, just do not caused large loss.Experimental group, compared with control group, has saved agricultural chemicals and cost of labor.In the Rice Cropping later stage, experimental group leaf photosynthetic function is vigorous, straw staygreen, and grain is even, mellow and full, very large, discolors golden yellow.The ripe phase does sth. in advance 1d, and straw quality significantly improves, and comprehensive agronomy the Characters is excellent, fertilizer efficiency highly significant.
Claims (9)
1. a slow controlled release compound fertilizer, is characterized in that, is made up of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser; Described Envelope type sustained-controll-release fertiliser is made up of internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer;
Described internal layer composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, phosphate fertilizer 12%, potash fertilizer 30%, compound trace element fertilizer 8%, Chinese herb residues 5%, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate 5%;
Described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: xylogen 20 ~ 30%, humic acids 15 ~ 20%, Dyhard RU 100 15 ~ 20%, modification highly surface activated mineral powder 5% ~ 8%, tackiness agent 5% ~ 10%, surplus is water.
2. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and film sustained-controll-release fertiliser is 10 ~ 20:80 ~ 90.
3. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described internal layer composite fertilizer and outer coated fertilizer is 1:0.2.
4. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the nitrogenous fertilizer in described internal layer composite fertilizer material to be nitrogenous be 46.6% urea, described phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate or calcium phosphate, and described potash fertilizer is Repone K or potassium sulfate.
5. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the compound trace element fertilizer in described internal layer composite fertilizer material is made up of the raw material of following weight part: manganous sulfate 5 ~ 10, ferrous sulfate 5 ~ 10, zinc sulfate 5 ~ 10, borax 2 ~ 5, ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 5.
6. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Chinese herb residues is made up of the raw material of following weight part: cloves 5 ~ 10, Kadsura Root-bark 5 ~ 10, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood 5 ~ 10, turmeric 5 ~ 10, balloonflower root 5 ~ 10, the tuber of stemona 2 ~ 5, pseudolaricis 5 ~ 10, black false hellebore 2 ~ 6, print chinaberry 2 ~ 6, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae) 5 ~ 10, Azalea pontica 2 ~ 5, calamus 2 ~ 5, rhizome of cyrtomium 2 ~ 5; The effective constituent of described ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate is 42.8%-46%.
7. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the xylogen in described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the farm crop cot of following weight part, stalk:
Rice hulls 10 ~ 30, rapeseed hull 10 ~ 30, cotton seed hulls 10 ~ 30, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 10 ~ 30, chestnut shell 10 ~ 20, nut-shell 10 ~ 20, bagasse 10 ~ 20, maize straw 20 ~ 50, tabacco straw 20 ~ 50, rice straw 20 ~ 50, wheat stalk 20 ~ 50.
8. slow controlled release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material modification highly surface activated mineral powder in described outer coated fertilizer is made up of the natural mineral of following weight part: montmorillonite 2 ~ 6, kaolin 2 ~ 8, diatomite 2 ~ 4, zeolite 2 ~ 4; Described tackiness agent is natural rosin, Xylo-Mucine.
9., according to the preparation method of the arbitrary described slow controlled release compound fertilizer of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
One, the preparation of raw material:
(1) preparation of xylogen: standby by high-boiling point alcohol legal system;
1. take raw material by the arbitrary described weight percent of claim 1-8 and weight part, dry, pulverize, removing impurity, crosses 40 mesh sieves;
2. take the raw material 1. processed through step to be placed in stainless steel polymermaking autoclave, the mixed solvent adding high boiling alcohol and water, to submergence amount, adds a small amount of catalyst aid simultaneously, heats up, and allows the Mierocrystalline cellulose in material of vegetable origin be separated with lignin liquor;
When 3. arriving predetermined time and temperature, pressure, logical water of condensation cools, and lignin deposit is separated out;
4. filter, centrifugation, be filtered dry after filter cake is washed with water, after oven dry, lyophilize, namely obtain the xylogen of brown powder;
(2) preparation of modification highly surface activated mineral powder;
Required highly surface activated mineral montmorillonite, kaolin, diatomite, zeolite is taken by the arbitrary described weight percent of claim 1-8 and weight part, grinding fine powder, take the suspension that certain mass is made into 3%, add appropriate surfactant-modified, be placed in thermostat water bath and stir, leave standstill cool to room temperature, suction filtration is separated, decorating film distilled water repetitive scrubbing, dry, ground 80 mesh sieves, namely activation 2h obtains the highly surface activated mineral powder of modification;
Described tensio-active agent is the one in CETRIMIDE POWDER (CTMAB), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMAB), brocide (CPB), dodecyl bromide pyridine (DPB);
(3) preparation of Chinese herb residues;
Take Chinese medicine material cloves by the arbitrary described weight percent of claim 1-8 and weight part, Kadsura Root-bark, the rhizome of Chinese monkshood, turmeric, balloonflower root, the tuber of stemona, pseudolaricis, black false hellebore, print chinaberry, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae), Azalea pontica, calamus, rhizome of cyrtomium cleaned, dry, run through, chopping or section, put into marmite, add 6 times of water soakings 6 hours, then heat 2 hours, leach filtrate, obtain filtrate one, filter residue is placed back in marmite, add 3 times of water, heat 1 hour, filtering filtrate, obtain filtrate two, merging filtrate one and filtrate two, obtain Chinese herbal medicine filtrate, Chinese herb residues is for subsequent use;
Two, the preparation of internal layer composite fertilizer:
A, take required nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, compound trace element fertilizer, Chinese herb residues, ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate by the arbitrary described weight percent of claim 1 ~ 8 and weight part, horizontal mixer or pan mixer is adopted to carry out mix and blend, pulverize caking, stir to obtain material one;
B, middle drug filtrate obtained in above-mentioned steps (3) is cooled to room temperature, evenly sprays in material one, and add suitable quantity of water, make this raw mixture have certain humidity, become bulk;
C, the bulk raw mixture obtained by step B are sent in tablets press and are carried out granulation, can adopt granulating disc, rotary drum granulator or pair roller Squeezinggranulator;
D, tentatively sieve pellet product with cylinder round sifter, the underproof particle being less than 2mm and being greater than 5mm is returned the reprocessing of step C link;
E, by good for granulation and send rotary drum drying machine to through the particle of diameter between 2mm and 5mm of one-level screening and carry out drying;
F, by dry after particle cooling;
Three, the preparation of slow controlled release compound fertilizer:
A takes required xylogen, humic acids, Dyhard RU 100, modification highly surface activated mineral powder by the arbitrary described weight percent of claim 1 ~ 8 and weight part, mixes, and crosses 40 mesh sieves, obtains material two;
B mixes tamanori and water by material 1, adds sulfuric acid and adjusts pH to 4, stir and obtain outer coated fertilizer;
The granular composite fertilizer that step 2 is prepared by c puts into rotary drum coating machine, power-on, compound fertilizer granule is rotated in rotary drum, utilize the outer coated fertilizer that spray gun obtains toward fertiliser granulates surface sprinkling step 2, air seasoning, after forming even, the smooth coating of one deck to particle exterior surface, cooling, sieve, obtain material three;
D is by the arbitrary described weight percent of claim 1 ~ 8 and weight part takes required instant nitrogenousfertilizer and material three mixes in proportion, and packs, and obtains slow controlled release compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention.
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