CN1043895C - 具有亲水基团的硅烷及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
具有亲水基团的硅烷及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940094989 trimethylsilane Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- IKXDEFIEGAVNOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH4].[C] Chemical compound [SiH4].[C] IKXDEFIEGAVNOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VMOWKUTXPNPTEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C)C VMOWKUTXPNPTEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WUVDDRXOROOPOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylethanamine;sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS([O-])=O.CC[NH+](CC)CC WUVDDRXOROOPOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHKILPQYJJRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(N(C)C)C(=O)O.C(C)(=O)ON(C)C Chemical compound CC(N(C)C)C(=O)O.C(C)(=O)ON(C)C AUHKILPQYJJRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 1
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNC QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BPMFZUMJYQTVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-guanidinoacetic acid Natural products NC(=N)NCC(O)=O BPMFZUMJYQTVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UZBQIPPOMKBLAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylazanide Chemical compound CC[N-]CC UZBQIPPOMKBLAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O octylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[NH3+] IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000725 trifluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/54—Silicon compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
通式
所示的硅烷及其制备方法,式中,R1、R2及R3在分子中相同或不相同,为脂族或芳族烃基,R4是具有4-12个碳原子和侧连羟基的二价烃基,而且该烃基可被一个醚氧间断,R5是亲水离子基团。该硅烷能大大降低水溶液的表面张力,表面张力值低至23mN/m左右。该硅烷可生物降解,具有抗水解稳定性和突出的表面活性剂特性。
Description
本发明涉及新的一类具有亲水基团的硅烷、其制备方法及其在含水介质中作表面活性剂的应用。本发明尤其涉及在酸性及碱性介质中具有抗水解稳定性、并具有大幅度降低含水介质表面张力能力的硅烷表面活性剂。在本发明中,“含水”介质这一概念必须理解为主要由水组成,而且另外也可能合有水溶性溶剂或可与水混溶的有机溶剂的介质。
由现有技术已知,取代基上有阴离子基团、阳离子基团或两性基团的有机改性硅氧烷,例如聚醚硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷在结构选择适当和亲水基团对疏水基团比例得以平衡时,能显著降低含水溶液的表面张力。
R1为甲基或苯基,其中至少90%的R1基团为甲基,
R2为R1或为
-(CH2)6-OSO3-·Mt,其中
M+为碱金属离子、1/2碱土金属离子或任选地由烷基取代的铵离子,
R3为R1或R2,前提条件是,平均起来,分子中至少有一个R2或R3为-(CH2)6-OSO3-·Mt基团,
a=0-5及
b=0-5。
在有三个硅原子的情况下,所选择的三硅氧烷己基硫酸盐,能在中性含水介质中出色地将界面张力降到约21mN/m的值。但是,它们在酸性或碱性溶液中不稳定,因Si-O-Si键水解和水解产物重又稠合成较高分子量的齐聚物而很快丧失其功效,并具有一部分变得不溶于含水介质。
在EP-A2-0367381及GB-B-1520421中也还记述了硅原子含量低的表面活性剂。
EP-A2-0367381涉及下列通式所示的有机硅化合物
式中R各自分别为具有至多有18个碳原子的烷基、芳基、囟代烷基或囟代芳基,每个R′为亚烷基,它以至多6个碳原子将相邻近的硅原子相互隔开,而且式中,R″各自分别为R,或者当a=0时,为R3SiR′基团。Z为合有硫、氮或磷的亲水基团,羧基官能基或其盐,而a的值为0、1或2。
由此得出,按定义,硅有机基团至少含有两个硅原子。制备这些碳硅烷(carbosilane)的成本很高,举例来说,要用格里雅(Grignard)相似法来制备。而后,借助诸如烯丙基缩水甘油基醚或烯丙基胺的氢化硅烷化作用(hydrosilylation)来合成具有季磺酸盐结构或季甜菜碱结构的碳硅烷表面活性剂。如此制得的物质将蒸馏水的1%溶液的表面张力降到23-25mN/m。
GB-B-1520421中记述了碳硅烷及其制备方法。所述碳硅烷的通式为式中R为甲基、乙基、丙基或三氟丙基,其中至少50%的R基团为甲基,R′为具1-6个碳原子的烷基,R″为具有2-6个碳原子的二价脂族烃基,Q与邻近的硅原子被一个至少有2个碳原子的桥键连接。Q为-O(C2H4O)。X基团,其中c的值为3-12,X为氢基,R基团,
或
R,式中R为具有1-5个碳原子的烷基,以及a=1或2,b=2或3。
按定义,这里也必须至少有2个硅原子。在应用试验中,这些化合物呈现出值得注意的起泡沫特性。
在这方面,专业人员都知道,在各类这些具有可比较结构的已知碳硅烷范围内,化合物的表面活性剂特性随着硅原子数的递减,尤其从4减到3或2而变差。这些观察结果反映在Neumann理论中(A.W.Neumann,D.Renzow,Zeitschriftf.Phys.Chem.,新版68期11页,1969年),该理论指出,硅氧烷主链的过甲基化表面,是含水溶液的表面张力降到30-40mN/m以下的主因。
另外,还可参阅日本H.Maki等在YUKAGAGU19,第4期第51页起和YUKAGAGU19,第11期第23页起(均于1970年出版)中发表的文章,其中所定义的化合物具有下列通式(CH3)3Si(CH2)3(C2H4O)nH和((CH2)4)3Si(CH2)3(C2H4O)mH,式中n=4.0或7.7,m=10或17。但是,这些化合物在0.1%(重量)溶液中,只将界面张力值降到≥26.5mN/m。
在这些日本公开出版物中,同样还记载了下式所示的季氮化合物
Bu3M(CH2)3N+(CH3)3Cl-(Bu=丁基,M=Sn,Si),,该类化合物虽有抑菌作用,却很少有表面活性剂特性。这些季氮化合物的最佳代表在1%水溶液中能将表面张力降到32mN/m。
本发明以这样出乎预料的发现为基础,即与例如Neumann理论所述的、普通公认的专业知识相反,所选择的硅烷,也就是只有一个硅原子的化合物,其分子中亲水部分和疏水部分若得以平衡,则能特别有效地降低水的表面张力,而且与硅氧烷表面活性剂不同,即使在酸性和碱性介质中经数日和数周,仍具抗水解稳定性。本发明硅烷的另一个优点,而且是不可预见的优点,是能完全生物降解,这使本发明硅烷尤为适合作表面活性剂之用。这样一种特性不能从现有技术中推导出来,而且也不符合迄今习常设想的、硅有机化合物要在含水体系中表现出降低界面张力特性而应当满足的结构上的要求。
R1、R2及R3在分子中相同或不同,为脂族或芳族的烃基,
R4是具有4-12个碳原子和侧连羟基的二价烃基,而且该烃基可被一个醚氧间断,
R5是亲水性离子基团。
优先择用的R1、R2及R3基团的例子为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基或苯基。但是,优选的是,仅仅是R1、R2及R3中的一个为苯基。
优选的是,R1、R2及R3中的90%为甲基。
R4基团是具有4-12个碳原子和侧连羟基的二价烃基。该基团由一种环氧化合物衍生而得,所述环氧化合物具有一个可氢化硅烷化的烯双键,而且环氧环已打开。这可用下面的例子来示意说明:式中用方框标出的基团即为R4。
上述通式中,R6、R7及R8基团是具有1-6个碳原子的烷基,它们在分子中相同或不相同。这类基团的例子是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基及异丁基。
x+是一价的阳离子,而且通常是氢离子、碱金属离子、1/2,碱土金属离子或任选地取代的铵离子。特别考虑采用取代铵离子,尤其是异丙基铵离子、三乙基铵离子、丁基甲基铵离子或辛基铵离子。
Y-是任意的阴离子,优先为囟离子、乙酸根。囟离子优选为氯离子。
本发明的另一主题是本发明化合物的制备方法。该方法的特征在于,
b)将所制得的、硅烷改性的环氧化物,在环氧环开环的条件下,以已知的方式b1)磺化,或者b2)在一种酸YH的存在下,经与通式所示的叔胺反应而季铵化,或者b3)经与通式所示的一种化合物反应,转化成甜菜碱。
氢化硅烷化优选是在加温下和/或在溶剂存在下进行,同时催化剂采用铂催化剂。
该方法的步骤b1),以本身已知的方法,经硅烷改性的环氧化物与碱金属亚硫酸盐/碱金属酸式硫酸盐,或者所需阳离子的亚硫酸盐/酸式硫酸盐,在极性溶剂存在下的反应来进行。溶剂优选采用异丙醇/水混合物。该反应优选在加温下,或在异丙醇/水混合物的沸点下进行。
该方法的步骤b2),也即硅烷改性环氧化合物与各种叔胺的反应,同样也优选在极性溶剂,尤其是短链、低沸点脂族醇如异丙醇的存在下进行。该反应在一种含质子酸(protonic acid)中进行,以在乙酸中进行为佳。
该方法的b3)步骤,包括硅烷改性的环氧化物与二烷基氨基乙酸在极性溶剂,尤其是低级脂肪醇如异丙醇存在下进行的反应。
当然,也可以等效的步骤使硅烷改性的环氧化物先与二烷基胺如二乙基胺反应,然后使反应产物与氨代乙酸钠在极性溶剂如异丙醇存在下进行反应,经此反应将反应产物转化成甜菜碱。
本领域专业人员都知道,水溶液中的临界胶粒形成常数(cmc)是表征某种化合物表面活性剂行为的重要量度,它取决于抗衡离子对表面活性基团的键合度。所以,cmc会因抗衡离子对表面活性基团的键合增强而减小。同时,键合度又取决于抗衡离子的极化度、价数和水合壳层。故此,某种化合物的表面活性剂专有特性如起泡沫能力和浸润能力、可溶性、及表面张力的降低,不仅受表面活性基团的影响,而且也受抗衡离子的影响。
也可以让步骤b1)和b2)同时进行来制备阴离子-阳离子-表面活性剂,所用方法是,使步骤a)制得的产物与亚硫酸氢三烷基铵反应。然后,以等摩尔量制得磺酸盐和相应的季铵化合物复合物。这可用下列反应流程图来阐明:
本发明的又一主题是本发明硅烷在含水介质中作表面活性剂的应用。就此而论,可以通过添加1%(重量)本发明化合物,将水溶液的表面张力值降到至多约23mN/m。同时,本发明化合物的可生物降解性有着非常特别的意义。它与该硅烷表面活性剂的抗水解稳定性使本发明硅烷作表面活性剂使用更趋完臻。
本发明硅烷表面活性剂的重要应用可能是用作,例如:
润湿剂:
用于植物处理制剂(农用制剂);用来改进低表面自由能基体表面,如聚乙烯表面和聚丙烯表面的润湿作用;供油漆工业应用;制造感光胶片时应用;用于电镀;
分散剂:
供分散油漆、颜料及填料之用;
用作乳化剂或纺织工业中制造纺织助剂、织物增柔剂、滑润剂、抗静电剂配剂的添加剂;用作染色助剂;
一般表面活性剂:
用于灭火剂;作泡沫稳定剂;作快干油墨、粘接剂、分散粘结剂、热融粘结剂的界面活性添加剂;用于洗涤剂;用作工业清洁剂的添加剂;
作用于化妆品,例如护肤品、洗发液、淋浴浴液的原料;
用于工业和家庭:
用作防霉剂;用于厨房用洗涤剂、洗涤剂、厕所清洁剂、自增光乳剂
本发明化合物的制备及本发明化合物的特性,还会在下面的实施例中进一步阐述。
实施例1
【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷的制备
在一个300ml的实验高压釜中称入30.3g烯丙基缩水甘油基醚(0.266Mol)和3mg铂催化剂。尔后在氩保护气氛下,将高压釜连同内容物置于丙酮/干冰浴内加以冷却,并从冷凝相虹吸19.7g三乙基甲硅烷(0.266Mol,沸点=6.7℃)。关闭高压釜并将之加热到130℃。同时,内压增至7.6巴,然后又降至约3.2巴,这是反应的标志。
将高压釜冷至室温并释压后,过滤内容物,分离出铂催化剂。
环氧化物中的氧:理论值8.5%,实验值8.4%
经29Si-NMR谱仪分析和1H-NMR谱仪分析,产物结构如下:
在20℃下,将该产物在用油抽气泵形成的真空中从低挥发性成份中分离出来,然后不需进一步加工即可使用。
实施例2
【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷的与二甲基氨基乙酸(甜菜碱)的反应
在装有搅拌器、回流冷却器和滴液漏斗的250mL三颈烧瓶中,加入20.8g无水二甲基氨基乙酸(0.2Mol)和57.9mL异丙醇,并加热到50℃。
随后,缓缓滴入37.8g实施例1中制得的【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷(0.2Mol)。
滴加完毕后,再在回流煮沸下搅拌6小时。然后,在旋转式蒸发器中,于80℃和用油抽气泵形成的真空中除去溶剂和挥发性杂质。
剩下的是一种纯白色粉末状固体,其1%蒸馏水溶液在聚丙烯表面上铺展10mm,而且水的表面张力值降到22.8mN/m。表:表面张力降低与水溶液浓度的关系
浓度%(重量) | 表面张力(mN/m)(T=25℃) |
1.00.50.40.30.20.1 | 22.823.627.528.631.835.3 |
实施例3
【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷与二甲基异丙基胺/乙酸的(季铵化)反应
在50℃的内部温度下,往18.13g二甲基异丙基胺(0.208Mol)、6.25g乙酸(0.104Mol)及10.0g异丙醇组成的混合物中滴加19.67g【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷(0.104Mol)。而后,在该温度下,再搅拌1小时,再经1小时得到澄清溶液。在回流温度下,经5小时后续反应后,结束反应。将产物在旋转式蒸发器中,于油抽气泵形成的真空和70℃下同溶剂分离。得一种透明、棕黄色粘稠液体(N:理论值4.18%,实际值3.69%;季氮:理论值4.18%,实际值3.61%)。
根据所进行的频谱分析,所得产物具有下列通式:
在聚丙烯上,其1%水溶液铺展32mm,表面张力为22.6mN/m。
表:表面张力降低与水溶液浓度的关系
浓度%(重量) | 表面张力(mN/m)(T=25℃) |
1.00.50.40.30.20.1 | 22.625.726.327.028.831.6 |
实施例4
【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷与亚硫酸氢钠的(磺化)反应
先将18.9g【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷(0.1Mol)连同24.12g水、38.12g异丙醇以及2.52g亚硫酸氢钠(0.02mol)置于一个250mL、装有回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的三颈烧瓶中,并在氮保护气氛下加热到回流温度。而后,定量滴入22.5g 37%硫代硫酸钠水溶液。反应结束后,向反应混合物中添加10%(重量)乙酸的蒸馏水溶液,以此将pH值调到7,接着进行过滤。
表:表面张力降低与水溶液浓度的关系
浓度%(重量) | 表面张力(mN/m)(T=25℃) |
1.00.50.30.20.1 | 25.926.827.928.830.0 |
实施例5
【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷与亚硫酸氢三乙基铵的反应(阳离子-阴离子-表面活性剂)
在一个装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器及滴液漏斗的250mL三颈烧瓶中,在内部温度30℃下,向溶于50g异丙醇的23.12g(0.126Mol)亚硫酸氢三乙基铵中滴加47.5g(0.252Mol)【缩水甘油氧丙基】三甲基硅烷。继续搅拌1小时,此时反应混合物为澄清液,接着加热到回流温度,保持6小时。
冷却后,混入1%(重量)Bentonit A/J10(膨润土商品名),并进行过滤。尔后,将产物在油抽气泵形成的真空中,于80℃水浴温度下除去挥发性成分。
得到一种象水一样透明的粘稠状产物,它溶于水时变浊。其1%蒸馏水溶液的表面张力为23mN/m,在聚丙烯板上的铺展为30mm。用1Ⅱ-及13C-NMR频谱进行的分析试验证实,反应产物具有所预期的结构:表:表面张力降低与水溶液浓度的关系
浓度%(重量) | 表面张力(mN/m)(T=25℃) |
1.00.50.40.30.20.1 | 23.024.524.925.930.136.7 |
本发明物质在pH4、pH7及pH12时抗水解稳定性的检验
本发明产品的抗水解稳定性,举例性地用实施例3中所制季铵盐(Quat)和实施例5中所制阳离子-阴离子-表面活性剂的1%蒸馏水溶液来证明。
为测定润湿能力,测量一滴(50μl)的1%表面活性剂溶液在聚丙烯薄膜上铺展的最大面积。纯水在这些条件下的空白值为8mm。
a)1%季铵盐(Quat)水溶液
室温下储存(天数) | 铺展 | 溶液外观 | ||
pH4 | pH7 | pH12 | ||
05101560 | 6065606070 | 3225252530 | 3025252520 | 稍微混浊稍微混浊稍微混浊稍微混浊稍微混浊 |
b)1%阳离子-阴离子-表面活性剂溶液:
对比例为比较起见,将平均通式所示硅氧烷硫酸酯进行稳定性试验:
室温下储存(天数) | 铺展 | 溶液外观 | ||
pH4 | pH7 | pH12 | ||
05101560 | 3060606040 | 3050282540 | 2535304030 | 混浊混浊混浊混浊混浊 |
室温下储存(天数) | 铺展 | 溶液外观 | ||
pH4 | pH7 | pH12 | ||
012347≥14 | 40////// | 303840404030/ | 35201010/// | 混浊混浊混浊混浊混浊混浊混浊 |
试验证实,本发明硅烷表面活性剂跟现有技术中的硅氧烷表面活性剂相反,具有优良的抗水解稳定性。
实施例6
如实施例3中所述,使实施例1中所合成的环氧硅烷与三乙基胺和二甲基氨基乙醇反应。
经此反应制得具有下列结构的产品。这类物质1%溶液的表面活性剂特性同样也在下面予以提及:
其1%(重量)水溶液的表面张力为25.1mN/m,而在聚丙烯薄膜上的铺展为20mm。
实施例7
按实施例1的方法,将乙烯基环己烯氧化物以氢化硅烷化反应加成到三甲基甲硅烷上。然后,按实施例3使所生成的环氧硅烷与二甲基异丙基胺和溶于异丙醇溶剂的乙酸反应,经此将环氧硅烷转化成季铵盐。得到一种透明、不太粘稠的棕黄色液体。根据所进行的频谱分析试验,该产物具有下列结构式:
该物质1%(重量)水溶液的表面张力为33.5mN/m,在聚丙烯薄膜上铺展11mm,但是该产物的低溶解性却异乎寻常。
Claims (9)
1、通式所示的硅烷,式中,
R1、R2及R3在分子中相同或不相同,为具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,或其一个基团是苯基,
R4是具有4-12个碳原子和侧连羟基的二价烃基,而且该烃基可被一个醚氧间断,
R5是亲水离子基团。
2、如权利要求1所述的硅烷,其特征在于,R1、R2及R3基团都为甲基。
5、如权利要求4所述的硅烷,其特征在于,Y-为囟离子或乙酸根。
7、如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在加温下和/或在溶剂存在下进行氢化硅烷化。
8、如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,在铂催化剂存在下进行氢化硅烷化。
9、如权利要求1至5所述硅烷在含水介质中作可生物降解、具抗水解稳定性的表面活性剂的应用。
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- 1994-08-24 DE DE59400145T patent/DE59400145D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-24 DK DK94113180.7T patent/DK0641798T3/da active
- 1994-08-24 ES ES94113180T patent/ES2084521T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-24 EP EP94113180A patent/EP0641798B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-26 AU AU71496/94A patent/AU671554B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-08-29 NZ NZ264329A patent/NZ264329A/en unknown
- 1994-09-05 BR BR9403442A patent/BR9403442A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-05 JP JP6211503A patent/JP2605222B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-06 US US08/301,372 patent/US6255511B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-06 CN CN94115683A patent/CN1043895C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
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EP0353357A1 (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1990-02-07 | Dow Corning Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the production of silyl group containing amine compounds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ264329A (en) | 1996-01-26 |
US6255511B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 |
ES2084521T3 (es) | 1996-05-01 |
DK0641798T3 (da) | 1996-04-01 |
JP2605222B2 (ja) | 1997-04-30 |
AU671554B2 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
US6489498B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
EP0641798B1 (de) | 1996-03-06 |
CA2129806A1 (en) | 1995-03-07 |
CN1106814A (zh) | 1995-08-16 |
EP0641798A1 (de) | 1995-03-08 |
AU7149694A (en) | 1995-03-16 |
JPH0789971A (ja) | 1995-04-04 |
BR9403442A (pt) | 1995-05-16 |
DE59400145D1 (de) | 1996-04-11 |
US20010018535A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
CA2129806C (en) | 2003-02-11 |
DE4330059C1 (de) | 1994-10-20 |
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