CN103874683A - 新的rock激酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
新的rock激酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103874683A CN103874683A CN201280048514.3A CN201280048514A CN103874683A CN 103874683 A CN103874683 A CN 103874683A CN 201280048514 A CN201280048514 A CN 201280048514A CN 103874683 A CN103874683 A CN 103874683A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/75—Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/74—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/443—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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Abstract
本发明涉及新激酶抑制剂,更具体而言是ROCK抑制剂,包含这类抑制剂的组合物,特别是药物,以及所述抑制剂在治疗和预防疾病方面的用途。具体而言,本发明涉及新ROCK抑制剂,包含这类抑制剂的组合物,特别是药物,以及所述抑制剂在治疗和预防疾病方面的用途。另外,本发明涉及治疗方法和所述化合物在药物制备中的用途,所述药物应用于许多治疗适应症,包括性功能障碍、炎性疾病、眼疾病和呼吸性疾病
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新激酶抑制剂,更具体而言是ROCK抑制剂,包含这类抑制剂的组合物,特别是药物,以及所述抑制剂在治疗和预防疾病方面的用途。具体而言,本发明涉及新ROCK抑制剂,包含这类抑制剂的组合物,特别是药物,以及所述抑制剂在治疗和预防疾病方面的用途。
背景技术
丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶ROCK在人体内由两种同种型ROCK I及ROCK II组成。ROCK I在18号染色体编码,而ROCK II(也称为Rho-激酶)则位于12号染色体。两者均具有接近160kDa的分子量。它们具有65%的总同源性,在它们的激酶结构域具有95%的同源性。尽管它们的序列很相似,但组织分布却各有不同。ROCK I最高水平的表达可从心脏、肺和骨骼组织观察到,而ROCK II则主要在大脑表达。最近的数据显示这两种同种型有部分的功能丰余性,ROCK I更多地牵涉免疫学事件,而ROCK II则牵涉平滑肌功能。术语ROCK表示ROCKI(ROK-β、p160ROCK或Rho-激酶β和ROCK II(ROCK-α或Rho-激酶α)。
ROCK活性已被证明由GTPase RhoA增强,所述GTPase RhoA是Rho(Ras同源物)GTP结合蛋白的一个成员。活性型GTP结合态的RhoA与位于自抑制羧基末端环的ROCK的Rho-结合域(RBD)相互作用。在结合后,ROCK负性调节结构域及激酶结构域之间的相互作用被破坏。这个过程使得激酶获取完全处于活性状态的开放构象。该开放构象也由脂质活化剂(例如花生四烯酸)与激酶羧基末端结构域的PH结构域的结合所致。也描述了细胞凋亡过程中的另一个激活机制,并涉及经胱天蛋白酶-3和-2(或粒酶B)分别对ROCK I及II进行的羧基端裂解。
ROCK在各种细胞功能中起到重要作用,例如平滑肌收缩、肌动蛋白细胞骨架组构、血小板活化、肌球蛋白磷酸酶细胞粘附的下调、主动脉平滑肌细胞的迁移、增生、存活及凝血酶诱导反应、心肌细胞肥大、支气管平滑肌收缩、平滑肌收缩及非肌肉细胞骨架重组、容量调控阴离子通道的激活、神经突回缩、伤口愈合、细胞转化和基因表达。ROCK也在涉及自身免疫和炎症方面的许多信号途径中发挥作用。ROCK已被证明在NF-κB的激活方面发挥作用,该NF-κB是一种导致TNF和其它炎性细胞因子产生的关键分子。据报告,ROCK抑制剂能对抗脂多糖(LPS)刺激的THP-1巨噬细胞中TNF-α和IL-6因子的产生。因此,ROCK抑制剂提供了有益的疗法来治疗自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病及氧化性应激。
综上所述,ROCK是平滑肌细胞功能的主要调控点,并且是各种炎性细胞的炎症过程以及许多患病器官的纤维化和重塑过程的关键信号传递组分。此外,ROCK已经牵涉到各种疾病和障碍,包括:眼疾病;气道疾病(airway disease);心血管疾病和血管疾病;炎性疾病;神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病;增殖性疾病(proliferative disease);肾疾病;性功能障碍;血液疾病;骨疾病;糖尿病;良性前列腺增生、移植排斥、肝病、系统性红斑狼疮、痉挛、高血压、慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病、早产、感染、变态反应、肥胖、胰腺疾病和AIDS。
如基因敲除模型和大量的学术研究所证实的,ROCK看起来是安全的靶标。这些基因敲除小鼠的数据与法舒地尔(Fasudil)(用于治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后的脑血管痉挛的适度有力ROCK抑制剂)的上市后监测研究结合,表明ROCK是一个真正和显著的药物靶标。
ROCK抑制剂可用作治疗涉及ROCK途径的障碍的治疗性药物。因此,我们极度需要开发一种可用于治疗各种与ROCK激活相关的疾病或病症的ROCK抑制剂,特别是考虑到目前这些疾病大多数都治疗不足。一些非限制性实例包括眼疾病(年龄相关性黄斑变性(干性或湿性AMD)),糖尿病性视网膜病变,葡萄膜炎,青光眼),或呼吸系统疾病(哮喘,COPD…)。
目前有几种已知的ROCK抑制剂类型。当前的重点是肿瘤和心血管疾病的应用。迄今为止,ROCK抑制剂的优异治疗潜力仅仅得到有限程度的开发,原因是ROCK是有效且广泛存在的生化调节剂,ROCK的全身性抑制导致被视为绝大多数疾病治疗的副作用的强烈的生物效应。实际上,ROCK抑制剂用于非心脏病学适应症的医疗用途受到ROCK在调节平滑肌细胞收缩的强直阶段(tonic phase)时关键作用的阻碍。全身性可得到的ROCK抑制剂会诱发血压明显下降。因此,我们对不同性质的ROCK抑制剂有极高的需求。
为了通过调节平滑肌功能和/或炎症过程和/或重塑展开疾病的针对性具体治疗,我们高度期望ROCK抑制剂能靶向目标器官,以避免显著量的药物进入其它器官。因此,局部应用或外用是所期望的。通常情况下,局部应用的药物已经用于治疗气道、眼睛、性功能障碍和皮肤疾患。此外,局部注射/渗入到病变组织进一步扩大局部应用的ROCK抑制剂的潜在医疗用途。若特定的条件得到满足,这些局部应用能允许高浓度的药物达到目标组织。此外,将ROCK抑制剂并入到植入物和支架能进一步扩大局部治疗心血管疾病的医疗应用,这些疾病例如动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及心脏衰竭。
尽管直接的局部应用在医疗实践中是被优先考虑的,但进入体循环的药物水平却令人关注。例如,通过吸入方式局部递送来治疗气道疾病将构成全身性暴露的风险,这是因为通过肺部会令大量药物进入胃肠道和/或全身吸收。至于局部递送的眼疾治疗,也因角膜低渗透性、低流体容量、高效引流及眼睑血管的存在导致大量药物进入胃肠道和/或体循环。而至于皮肤给药、局部注射和植入性医疗器械则有渗漏进体循环的严重危险。因此,除了局部应用外,化合物最好具有能避免显著全身性暴露的另外性质。
软药(soft drug)是一旦进入体循环就被灭活的生物活性化合物。这种灭活能够在肝脏中和/或在血液中实现。这些化合物一旦被局部应用到目标组织/器官后,将在局部发挥它们的预期作用。当它们从该组织/器官渗漏到体循环中时,它们将非常迅速地灭活。因此,选择的软药能在靶组织/器官中足够稳定以发挥所需的生物效应,但能在肝脏中或在血液中迅速降解成无生物活性的化合物。此外,非常优选的是,选择的软药能保留在其生物靶标处。这个特性将限制应用的次数,并高度期望减少药物和代谢产物的总负载,此外也将显著地提高患者依从性。
综上所述,继续需要设计和开发用于治疗广范围的疾病状态的软ROCK抑制剂。本文描述的化合物及其药学上可接受的组合物可用于治疗或减轻与ROCK激活相关的各种障碍或病症的严重性。更具体地,本发明的化合物优选用于预防和/或治疗至少一种涉及ROCK的疾病或障碍,例如与平滑肌细胞的功能、炎症、纤维化、过度的细胞增殖、血管生成过度、高反应性、屏障功能障碍(barrier dysfunction)、神经变性和重塑有关的疾病。例如,本发明的化合物可用于预防和/或治疗如下的疾病和障碍:
-眼疾病或障碍:包括但不限于视网膜病变、视神经病、青光眼和退行性视网膜疾病诸如黄斑变性、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、增生性糖尿病视网膜病变、色素性视网膜炎和炎症性眼疾病(比如前葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎、中葡萄膜炎和后葡萄膜炎)、青光眼过滤手术失败、干眼、变应性结膜炎、后囊浑浊化、角膜伤口愈合异常和眼睛疼痛。
-气道疾病;包括但不限于肺纤维化、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、哮喘、纤维化、肺炎、囊性纤维性、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD);支气管炎和鼻炎和呼吸窘迫综合征。
-喉、鼻和耳疾病:包括但不限于鼻窦问题(sinus problem)、听力问题、牙痛、扁桃体炎、溃疡和鼻炎。
-皮肤疾病:包括但不限于角化过度、角化不全、颗粒层增厚、棘层增厚、角化不良、棘细胞层水肿和溃疡。
-肠道疾病:包括但不限于炎性肠病(IBD)、肠炎、胃肠炎、肠梗阻、回肠炎、阑尾炎及克罗恩病。
-心脏血管和血管疾病:包括但不仅限于肺动脉高压和肺血管收缩。
-炎性疾病:包括但不仅限于接触性皮炎、特应性皮炎、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、银屑病关节炎、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎。
-神经系统疾病:包括但不限于神经性疼痛。本发明化合物因此适用于预防各种神经系统疾病的神经变性和刺激神经再生。
-增殖性疾病:例如但不限于乳腺、结肠、肠、皮肤、头和颈、神经、子宫、肾、肺、卵巢、胰腺、前列腺或甲状腺的癌症;巨大淋巴结增生症;肉瘤;恶性细胞瘤(malignoma)和黑色素瘤。
-肾疾病:包括但不限于肾纤维化或肾功能不全。
-性功能障碍:意在包括因缺陷型血管活性反应造成的男性和女性性功能障碍。本发明的软ROCK抑制剂也可用于治疗由多种原因引起的性功能障碍。例如,在一个实施方案中,软ROCK抑制剂可用于治疗与性腺功能低下症相关的性功能障碍,更具体地说,该性腺功能低下症与雄激素水平的降低有关。在另一个实施方案中,软ROCK抑制剂可用于治疗与多种原因有关的性功能障碍,这包括但不限于膀胱疾病、高血压、糖尿病或盆腔手术。此外,软ROCK抑制剂可用于治疗由使用某些药物引起的性功能障碍,例如用于治疗高血压、抑郁或焦虑的药物。
-骨疾病:包括但不限于骨质疏松症和骨关节炎。
-此外,本发明的化合物可用于预防和/或治疗,例如良性前列腺增生、移植排斥、痉挛、慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病和变态反应等的疾病和障碍。
发明内容
我们已经令人惊讶地发现,本文所描述的化合物可作为ROCK的抑制剂,具体而言是作为软ROCK抑制剂。本发明化合物被快速转化为功能上无活性的化合物,例如通过羧酸酯水解酶(EC3.1.1)比如胆碱酯酶或羧基酯酶。羧酸酯水解酶(EC3.1.1)代表一大组参与将羧酸酯降解为醇和羧酸的酶。所以,表现出该催化活性的酶对于软激酶抑制剂的设计而言具有潜在利益。EC3.1.1包括下述子类:
EC3.1.1.1羧基酯酶;EC3.1.1.2芳基酯酶;EC3.1.1.3三酰基甘油脂酶;EC3.1.1.4磷脂酶A2;EC3.1.1.5溶血磷脂酶;EC3.1.1.6乙酰基酯酶;EC3.1.1.7乙酰胆碱酯酶;EC3.1.1.8胆碱酯酶;EC3.1.1.10托品酯酶;EC3.1.1.11果胶酯酶;EC3.1.1.13固醇酯酶;EC3.1.1.14叶绿素酶;EC3.1.1.15L-阿拉伯糖酸内酯酶;EC3.1.1.17葡萄糖酸内酯酶;EC3.1.1.19尿内酯酶;EC3.1.1.20鞣酸酶;EC3.1.1.21视黄酰棕榈酸酯酶;EC3.1.1.22羟基丁酸二聚体水解酶;EC3.1.1.23酰基甘油脂酶;EC3.1.1.243-氧代己二酸烯醇内酯酶;EC3.1.1.251,4-内酯酶;EC3.1.1.26半乳糖脂酶;EC3.1.1.274-吡哆醇内酯酶;EC3.1.1.28酰基肉碱水解酶;EC3.1.1.29氨基酰基-tRNA水解酶;EC3.1.1.30D-阿拉伯糖酸内酯酶;EC3.1.1.316-磷酸葡萄糖酸内酯酶;EC3.1.1.32磷脂酶A1;EC3.1.1.336-乙酰基葡萄糖脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.34脂蛋白脂肪酶;EC3.1.1.35二氢香豆素水解酶;EC3.1.1.36柠檬苦素-D-环-内酯酶;EC3.1.1.37类固醇-内酯酶;EC3.1.1.38三乙酸内酯酶;EC3.1.1.39放线菌素内酯酶;EC3.1.1.40苔色酸缩酚酸水解酶(orsellinate-depside hydrolase);EC3.1.1.41头孢菌素-C脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.42氯原酸水解酶;EC3.1.1.43α-氨基酸酯酶;EC3.1.1.444-甲基草酰乙酸酯酶;EC3.1.1.45羧甲烯丁烯羟酸内酯酶(carboxymethylenebutenolidase);EC3.1.1.46脱氧柠檬酸A-环-内酯酶;EC3.1.1.471-烷基-2-乙酰基甘油磷酸胆碱酯酶;EC3.1.1.48镰孢氨酸-C鸟氨酸酯酶;EC3.1.1.49芥子碱酯酶;EC3.1.1.50蜡酯水解酶;EC3.1.1.51佛波醇-二酯水解酶;EC3.1.1.52磷脂酰肌醇脱酰酶;EC3.1.1.53唾液酸O-乙酰基酯酶;EC3.1.1.54乙酰氧基丁炔基双噻吩脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.55乙酰基水杨酸脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.56乙酸甲基伞形酯脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.572-吡喃酮-4,6-二羧酸酯内酯酶;EC3.1.1.58N-乙酰基半乳糖氨基聚糖脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.59保幼激素酯酶;EC3.1.1.60双(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯酯酶;EC3.1.1.61蛋白-谷氨酸甲基酯酶;EC3.1.1.6311-顺式-视黄基-棕榈酸水解酶;EC3.1.1.64全反式-视黄基-棕榈酸水解酶;EC3.1.1.65L-鼠李糖-1,4-内酯酶;EC3.1.1.665-(3,4-二乙酰氧基丁-1-炔基)-2,2'-二噻吩脱乙酰基酶;EC3.1.1.67脂肪-酰基-乙基-酯合酶;EC3.1.1.68木糖(xylono)-1,4-内酯酶;EC3.1.1.70西曲酸酯苄基酯酶;EC3.1.1.71乙酰基烷基甘油乙酰基水解酶;EC3.1.1.72乙酰基木聚糖酯酶;EC3.1.1.73阿魏酸酯酶;EC3.1.1.74角质酶;EC3.1.1.75聚(3-羟基丁酸酯)解聚酶;EC3.1.1.76聚(3-羟基辛烷酸酯)解聚酶;EC3.1.1.77酰基氧基酰基水解酶;EC3.1.1.78聚脑胺-醛酯酶;EC3.1.1.79激素敏感的脂肪酶;EC3.1.1.80乙酰基阿义马林酯酶;EC3.1.1.81群体淬灭性的N-酰基-高丝氨酸内酯酶;EC3.1.1.82脱镁叶绿甲酯酸酶(pheophorbidase);EC3.1.1.83单萜ε-内酯水解酶;EC3.1.1.84可卡因酯酶;EC3.1.1.85甘露糖基甘油酸酯水解酶。
胆碱酯酶是主要因其在神经递质乙酰胆碱的降解中的角色而已知的酶。乙酰胆碱酯酶(EC3.1.1.7)也称为胆碱酯酶I,真胆碱酯酶,RBC胆碱酯酶,红细胞胆碱酯酶或乙酰胆碱乙酰基水解酶。如其别名中的某些所示,乙酰胆碱酯酶不仅存在于脑,但也存在于血液的红细胞部分中。除了其对乙酰胆碱的作用之外,乙酰胆碱酯酶还水解各种乙酸酯,以及催化转乙酰作用。乙酰胆碱酯酶通常显示对短酸链底物的优选,如乙酰胆碱的乙酰基。丁酰胆碱酯酶(EC3.1.1.8)也称为苯甲酰基胆碱酯酶,胆碱酯酶II,非特异性胆碱酯酶,假胆碱酯酶,血浆胆碱酯酶或酰基胆碱酰基水解酶,虽然主要存在于肝中,丁酰胆碱酯酶也存在于血浆中。如其别名中的某些所示,其特异性弱于乙酰胆碱酯酶且一般以比乙酰胆碱酯酶更快的速率进行较大酸链(比如丁酰胆碱的丁酰基或苯甲酰基胆碱的苯甲酰基)的水解。除了其对乙酰胆碱的作用之外,丁酰胆碱酯酶还已知参与几种酯类药物比如普鲁卡因的代谢。
羧基酯酶(CES)代表多基因家族且显示普遍存在的表达特征,在肝、肠和肺中具有高水平。羧基酯酶中的多数能够分类为羧基酯酶1(CES1)或羧基酯酶2(CES2)家族中。有趣的是,这些不同的CES家族显示组织分布和底物特异性的差异。人类CES1广泛分布于许多组织当中,但是在肠中以低水平存在。CES1优先水解具有相对小的醇基团和较大的酸基团的酯。作为典型实例,hCES1优先催化可卡因甲基酯的水解。人类CES2主要存在于肠、肝和肾中。CES2优先水解具有更小醇基团和更大酸基团的酯。作为典型实例,人类CES2催化可卡因苯甲酰基酯的水解。CES酶的又一有意义现象是缺少在人血浆中的羧基酯酶活性。总之,羧基酯酶能够在含酯药物和异生物质的生物转化中扮演主要角色。
除非上下文另有规定,本文中使用的星号指示单价或二价基团连接到其相关的结构以及该基团形成其一部分的结构的那个点。
从第一方面来看,本发明提供式I的化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、外消旋物、盐、水合物或溶剂化物,
其中,
X是氢或卤素;
A是-NH-C(=O)-或-C(=O)-NH-;
Y是N或C;
R3选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基和C3-15环烷基;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基和卤素;和
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,C1-6烷基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基(thiol),C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯(carbamate),硫酰氨基(thioamido),脲,和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至9个碳原子。
从另一个方面看,本发明提供了本发明的化合物或包含这样的化合物的组合物用于体外或体内抑制至少一种激酶活性的用途。
从另一方面来看,本发明提供本发明化合物或包含上述化合物的组合物的用途,其用于抑制至少一种ROCK激酶例如ROCKII和/或ROCKI同种型。
从另一个方面看,本发明提供了包含本发明化合物的药物和/或兽药组合物。
从另一个方面看,本发明提供了用于人药或兽药中的本发明化合物。
从另一个方面看,本发明提供了本发明化合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于预防和/或治疗至少一种选自下述的疾病和/或障碍:眼疾病;气道疾病;喉、鼻和耳疾病;肠疾病;心血管疾病和血管疾病;炎性疾病;神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病;增殖性疾病;肾疾病;性功能障碍;骨疾病;良性前列腺增生、移植排斥、痉挛、慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病和变态反应。
发明详述
现在将进一步描述本发明。在下面的段落中,更详细地定义了本发明的不同方面。除非明确地相反指出,否则所定义的每个方面也可与一个或多个任意其它方面组合。具体而言,任何被表示为优选或有利的特性也可与被表示为优选或有利的一种或多种任何其它特征组合。
除非上下文另有规定,本文中使用的星号指示单价或二价基团连接到其相关的结构以及该基团形成其一部分的结构的那个点。
可能存在于本发明化合物中的未定义的(外消旋的)不对称中心可互换地通过绘出波浪键或直键来指示,以显现键的未定义立体性质。
正如上文已经提及的,在第一方面,本发明提供了式I的化合物
其中,X,R1,A,Y,R2和R3如前文所定义,包括其立体异构形式,溶剂化物和药学上可接受的加成盐。
当描述本发明的化合物时,除非上下文另有规定,否则所用术语将按下列定义来诠释:
自身或作为另一基团的一部分的术语"烷基"表示式CxH2x+1的完全饱和烃,其中x是大于或等于1的数字。一般来说,本发明的烷基包含1至20个碳原子。烷基可以是直链或支链,并可能如本文所指出的取代。当碳原子之后加上了下标,那该下标是指所命名基团可能包含的碳原子数量。因此,例如,C1-4烷基是指具有一至四个碳原子的烷基。烷基的例子是甲基(也简写为Me)、乙基、正丙基(也简写为nPr)、异丙基、丁基及其异构体(如:正丁基、异丁基及叔丁基);戊基及其异构体、己基及其异构体、庚基及其异构体、辛基及其异构体、壬基及其异构体;癸基及其异构体。C1-C6烷基包括所有直链、支链,或具有1至6个碳原子的环烷基,也因此包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、丁基及其异构体(如:正丁基、异丁基及叔丁基);戊基及其异构体、己基及其异构体、环戊基、2-、3-、或4-甲基环戊基、环戊基亚甲基(cyclopentylmethylene)及环己基。
术语"任选地被取代的烷基"表示在任何可用的连接点处被一个或多个取代基(例如1-4个取代基,例如1、2、3或4个取代基或1-2个取代基)任选地取代的烷基。这样的取代基的非限制性例子包括:卤代、羟基、氧代、羰基、硝基、氨基、酰氨基、肟、亚氨基、叠氮基、肼基、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基氨基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、卤代烷基、巯基、烷基硫基、羧酸、酰基氨基、烷基酯、氨基甲酸盐/酯、硫酰氨基、脲、亚磺酰氨基等。
术语"烷基氨基"如本文所用是指用一个或多个烷基链取代的氨基。该定义包括季铵衍生物。
除非另有说明,否则本文中使用的术语"烯基"是指含有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链、环状或支链烃基。烯基的例子包括乙烯基、E-和Z-丙烯基、异丙烯基、E-和Z-丁烯基、E-和Z-异丁烯基、E-和Z-戊烯基、E-和Z-己烯基、E,E-、E,Z-、Z,E-、Z,Z-己二烯基等。任选地被取代的烯基表示任选地具有一个或多个(例如1、2、3或4个)取代基的烯基,所述取代基选自上面关于被取代的烷基所定义的那些。
除非另有说明,否则本文中使用的术语"炔基"是指含有至少一个碳-碳三键的直链或支链烃基。炔基残基的实例包括乙炔基,丙炔基,异丙炔基,丁炔基,异丁炔基,戊炔基,己炔基等。任选经取代的炔基是指任选具有一个或多个取代基的炔基,所述取代基选自上文对取代的烷基所定义的那些。
自身或作为另一取代基的一部分的术语"环烷基"是环状烷基,也就是说,是具有1、2或3个环状结构的单价、饱和或不饱和烃基。环烷基包括所有的饱和或部分饱和(包含1或2个双键)的烃基,其含有1至3个环,包括单环、双环、多环烷基。环烷基在环中可能包含3个或更多的碳原子,而根据本发明则普遍包含3至15个原子。多环环烷基的进一步环可以通过一个或多个螺环原子稠合、桥接和/或加入。环烷基也可能被视为是下文讨论的同素环(homocyclic ring)子集。环烷基的例子包括但不限于:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、金刚烷基、二环(2.2.1)庚烷基和环癸基,其中环丙基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基和二环(2.2.1)庚烷基是特别优选的。"任选地被取代的环烷基"表示任选地具有一个或多个取代基(例如1-3个取代基,例如1、2、3或4个取代基)的环烷基,所述取代基选自上面关于被取代的烷基所定义的那些。当前缀"亚"与环状基团结合使用时,在下文中也被称作"亚环烷基",这是意指本文所定义的环状基团具有两个单键作为与其它基团的连接点。本发明的亚环烷基优选含有与其环烷基残基相应物相同数量的碳原子。
若所定义的烷基为二价的,即两个单键附着到其它两个基团,它们将被称为"亚烷基"基团。亚烷基的非限制性例子包括亚甲基、亚乙基、甲基亚甲基、三亚甲基、亚丙基、四亚甲基、乙基亚乙基、1,2-二甲基亚乙基、五亚甲基和六亚甲基。类似地,若以上所定义的烯基基团及以下所定义的炔基基团为二价的,即有单键附着到两个其它基团,它们将分别被称为"亚烯基"及"亚炔基"。
通常,本发明的亚烷基优选含有与其烷基相应物相同数量的碳原子。若存在亚烷基或亚环烷基双基(biradical),那将会通过共同的碳原子或不同的碳原子连接至其形成一部分的分子结构,当中优选共同的碳原子。为了说明这一点,使用本发明的星号命名法,C3亚烷基可能是例如*-CH2CH2CH2-*、*-CH(-CH2CH3)-*或*-CH2CH(-CH3)-*。同样地,C3亚环烷基可能是
若存在亚环烷基,优选为C3-C6亚环烷基,更优选为C3亚环烷基(即亚环丙基基团),其中会通过共同的碳原子连接至其形成一部分的结构。本发明化合物内的亚环烷基及亚烷基双基有可能,但优选不能被取代的。
本文中使用的术语"杂环基"或"杂环"自身或作为另一基团的一部分,表示非芳族、完全饱和或部分不饱和的环状基团(例如,3至13元单环、或7至17元双环、或10至20元三环环系,或总共包含3至10个环原子),其中至少一个含碳原子环中必须有至少一个杂原子。对于杂环基团中包含杂原子的每个环,可具有1、2、3或4个杂原子,选自氮原子、氧原子和/或硫原子,其中氮及硫杂原子可任选地被氧化,而氮杂原子可任选地被季铵化。若化合价允许的话,杂环基团可以连接至环或环系统的任何杂原子或碳原子。多环杂环的环可以通过一个或多个螺环原子稠合、桥接和/或加入。任选地被取代的杂环表示任选地具有一个或多个取代基的杂环(如1至4个取代基、或如1、2、3或4),选自对取代芳基定义的那些。
示例性的杂环基团包括哌啶基、氮杂环丁基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑烷基、异噁唑烷基、噻唑烷基、异噻唑烷基、哌啶基、琥珀酰亚胺基、3H-吲哚基、异吲哚啉基、色烯基、异色满基、呫吨基、2H-吡咯基、1-吡咯啉基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、4H-喹嗪基、4aH-咔唑基、2-氧代哌嗪基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基、2-吡唑啉基、3-吡唑啉基、吡喃基、二氢-2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃基、酞嗪基、氧杂环丁基、硫杂环丁基、3-间二氧杂环戊基、1,3-二噁烷基、2,5-二氧咪唑烷基(dioximidazolidinyl)、2,2,4-哌啶酮基、2-氧代哌啶基、2-氧代吡咯烷基(oxopyrrolodinyl)、2-氧杂氮杂环庚三烯基(2-oxoazepinyl)、吲哚啉基、四氢吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、硫代吗啉基(thiomorpholinyl)、硫代吗啉基亚砜、硫代吗啉基砜、1,3-间二氧杂环戊基、1,4-氧杂硫杂环己基、1,4-二噻烷基、1,3,5-三氧杂环庚烷基(trioxanyl)、6H-1,2,5-噻二嗪基、2H-1,5,2-二噻嗪基、2H-氧代环辛三烯基(oxocinyl)、1H-吡咯嗪基、四氢-1,1-二氧代噻吩基、N-甲酰基哌嗪基和吗啉基。
本文中使用的术语"芳基"表示含有单环(即苯基)或多个芳族环稠合在一起(如:萘或蒽)或共价结合的多元不饱和芳族的烃基,通常含6至10个原子;其中至少有一个环是芳族的。芳族环可以任选地包含一至三个与其稠合的另外的环(环烷基、杂环基或杂芳基)。芳基还旨在包含此处列举的碳环系统的部分氢化衍生物。芳基的非限制性例子包括苯基、联苯基、亚联苯基、5-或6-四氢化萘基(tetralinyl)、1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、或8-薁基、1-或2-萘基、1-、2-、或3-茚基、1-、2-、或9-蒽基、1-2-、3-、4-、或5-苊基(acenaphtylenyl)、3-、4-、或5-二氢苊基(acenaphtenyl)、1-、2-、3-、4-、或10-菲基、1-或2-戊搭烯基(pentalenyl)、1、2-、3-、或4-芴基、4-或5-二氢茚基、5-、6-、7-、或8-四氢萘基、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、1,4-二氢萘基、二苯并[a,d]环庚烯基、及1-、2-、3-、4-、或5-芘基。
芳基环可以任选地被一个或多个取代基取代。"任选地被取代的芳基"表示在任何可用的连接点任选具有一个或多个取代基(例如1-5取代基,例如1、2、3或4)的芳基。这样的取代基的非限制性例子选自:卤素、羟基、氧代、硝基、氨基、肼、氨基羰基、叠氮基、氰基、烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基烷基、烷基氨基、烷氧基、-SO2-NH2、芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基、烷氧基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、杂芳基烷基、烷基磺酰胺、杂环基、烷基羰基氨基烷基、芳氧基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、氨基羰基、烷基亚砜、-SO2Ra、烷基硫基、羧基等,其中Ra是烷基或环烷基。
若芳基的碳原子被杂原子所替代,由此产生的环在本文中被称作杂芳基环。
本文中使用的术语"杂芳基"自身或作为另一基团的一部分,表示但不仅限于5至12个碳原子的芳族环或环系统,其中含有1至3个环稠合在一起或共价结合,通常含5至8个原子;其中至少有一个是芳族的,其中一个或多个这些环内的一个或多个碳原子可被氧、氮或硫原子代替,其中氮及硫杂原子可任选地被氧化,而氮杂原子可任选地被季铵化。这些环可以被稠合到芳基、环烷基、杂芳基或杂环基环。这些杂芳基的非限制性例子包括:吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、四唑基、噁三唑基、噻三唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、噁嗪基、二氧杂环己二烯基、噻嗪基、三嗪基、咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑基、噻吩并[3,2-b]呋喃基、噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩基、噻吩并[2,3-d][1,3]噻唑基、噻吩并[2,3-d]咪唑基、四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基、吲哚基、吲嗪基、异吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、1(4H)-苯并吡喃基、1(2H)-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-1(2H)-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-1(2H)-苯并吡喃基、异苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、异苯并噻吩基、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、1,3-苯并噁唑基、1,2-苯并异噁唑基、2,1-苯并异噁唑基、1,3-苯并噻唑基、1,2-苯并异噻唑基、2,1-苯并异噻唑基、苯并三唑基、1,2,3-苯并噁二唑基、2,1,3-苯并噁二唑基、1,2,3-苯并噻二唑基、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑基、噻吩并吡啶基、嘌呤基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基、6-氧代-哒嗪-1(6H)-基、2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基、6-氧代-哒嗪-1(6H)-基、2-氧代吡啶-1(2H)-基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、7-氮杂吲哚基、6-氮杂吲哚基、5-氮杂吲哚基、4-氮杂吲哚基。
本文中使用的术语"吡咯基"(也称为-吡咯基(azolyl))包括吡咯-1-基、吡咯-2-基和吡咯-3-基。本文中使用的术语"呋喃基"(也称为"呋喃基")包括呋喃-2-基和呋喃-3-基(也称为呋喃-2-基和呋喃-3-基)。本文中使用的术语"噻吩基"(也称为"噻吩基")包括噻吩-2-基和噻吩-3-基(也称为噻吩-2-基和噻吩-3-基)。本文中使用的术语"吡唑基"(也称为1H-吡唑基和1,2-二唑基)包括吡唑-1-基、吡唑-3-基、吡唑-4-基和吡唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"咪唑基"包括咪唑-1-基、咪唑-2-基、咪唑-4-基和咪唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"噁唑基"(也称为1,3-噁唑基)包括噁唑-2-基;噁唑-4-基和噁唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"异噁唑基"(也称为1,2-噁唑基)包括异噁唑-3-基、异噁唑-4-基和异噁唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"噻唑基"(也称为1,3-噻唑基)包括噻唑-2-基、噻唑-4-基和噻唑-5-基(也称为2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基和5-噻唑基)。本文中使用的术语"异噻唑基"(也称为1,2-噻唑基)包括异噻唑-3-基、异噻唑-4-基和异噻唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"三唑基"包括1H-三唑基和4H-1,2,4-三唑基,"1H-三唑基"包括1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基、1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基、1H-1,2,3-三唑-5-基、1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基、1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基和1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基。"4H-1,2,4-三唑基"包括4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基和4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基。本文中使用的术语"噁二唑基"包括1,2,3-噁二唑-4-基、1,2,3-噁二唑-5-基、1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基、1,2,4-噁二唑-5-基、1,2,5-噁二唑-3-基和1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基。本文中使用的术语"噻二唑基"包括1,2,3-噻二唑-4-基、1,2,3-噻二唑-5-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基、1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基(也称为呋咱-3-基)和1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基。本文中使用的术语"四唑基"包括1H-四唑-1-基、1H-四唑-5-基、2H-四唑-2-基和2H-四唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"噁三唑基"包括1,2,3,4-噁三唑-5-基和1,2,3,5-噁三唑-4-基。本文中使用的术语"噻三唑基"包括1,2,3,4-噻三唑-5-基和1,2,3,5-噻三唑-4-基。本文中使用的术语"吡啶基"(也称为"吡啶基")包括吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基和吡啶-4-基(也称为2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基和4-吡啶基)。本文中使用的术语"嘧啶基"包括嘧啶-2-基、嘧啶-4-基、嘧啶-5-基和嘧啶-6-基。本文中使用的术语"吡嗪基"包括吡嗪-2-基和吡嗪-3-基。本文中使用的术语"哒嗪基"包括哒嗪-3-基和哒嗪-4-基。本文中使用的术语"噁嗪基"(也称为"1,4-噁嗪基")包括1,4-噁嗪-4-基和1,4-噁嗪-5-基。本文中使用的术语"二氧杂环己二烯基"(也称为"1,4-二氧杂环己二烯基")包括1,4-二氧杂环己二烯-2-基和1,4-二氧杂环己二烯-3-基。本文中使用的术语"噻嗪基"(也称为"1,4-噻嗪基")包括1,4-噻嗪-2-基、1,4-噻嗪-3-基、1,4-噻嗪-4-基、1,4-噻嗪-5-基和1,4-噻嗪-6-基。本文中使用的术语"三嗪基"包括1,3,5-三嗪-2-基、1,2,4-三嗪-3-基、1,2,4-三嗪-5-基、1,2,4-三嗪-6-基、1,2,3-三嗪-4-基和1,2,3-三嗪-5-基。本文中使用的术语"咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑基"包括咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-2-基、咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-3-基、咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-5-基和咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-6-基。本文中使用的术语"噻吩并[3,2-b]呋喃基"包括噻吩并[3,2-b]呋喃-2-基、噻吩并[3,2-b]呋喃-3-基、噻吩并[3,2-b]呋喃-4-基和噻吩并[3,2-b]呋喃-5-基。本文中使用的术语"噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩基"包括噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-2-基、噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-3-基、噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-5-基和噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩-6-基。本文中使用的术语"噻吩并[2,3-d][1,3]噻唑基"包括噻吩并[2,3-d][1,3]噻唑-2-基、
噻吩并[2,3-d][1,3]噻唑-5-基和噻吩并[2,3-d][1,3]噻唑-6-基。本文中使用的术语"噻吩并[2,3-d]咪唑基"包括噻吩并[2,3-d]咪唑-2-基、噻吩并[2,3-d]咪唑-4-基和噻吩并[2,3-d]咪唑-5-基。本文中使用的术语"四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基"包括四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-5-基、四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基、四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-7-基和四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基。本文中使用的术语"吲哚基"包括吲哚-1-基、吲哚-2-基、吲哚-3-基、-吲哚-4-基、吲哚-5-基、吲哚-6-基和吲哚-7-基。本文中使用的术语"吲嗪基"包括吲嗪-1-基、吲嗪-2-基、吲嗪-3-基、吲嗪-5-基、吲嗪-6-基、吲嗪-7-基和吲嗪-8-基。本文中使用的术语"异吲哚基"包括异吲哚-1-基、异吲哚-2-基、异吲哚-3-基、异吲哚-4-基、异吲哚-5-基、异吲哚-6-基和异吲哚-7-基。本文中使用的术语"苯并呋喃基"(也称为苯并[b]呋喃基)包括苯并呋喃-2-基、苯并呋喃-3-基、苯并呋喃-4-基、苯并呋喃-5-基、苯并呋喃-6-基和苯并呋喃-7-基。本文中使用的术语"异苯并呋喃基"(也称为苯并[c]呋喃基)包括异苯并呋喃-1-基、异苯并呋喃-3-基、异苯并呋喃-4-基、异苯并呋喃-5-基、异苯并呋喃-6-基和异苯并呋喃-7-基。本文中使用的术语"苯并噻吩基"(也称为苯并[b]噻吩基)包括2-苯并[b]噻吩基,3-苯并[b]噻吩基,4-苯并[b]噻吩基,5-苯并[b]噻吩基,6-苯并[b]噻吩基和7-苯并[b]噻吩基(也称为苯并噻吩-2-基、苯并噻吩-3-基、苯并噻吩-4-基、苯并噻吩-5-基、苯并噻吩-6-基和苯并噻吩-7-基)。本文中使用的术语"异苯并噻吩基"(也称为苯并[c]噻吩基)包括异苯并噻吩-1-基、异苯并噻吩-3-基、异苯并噻吩-4-基、异苯并噻吩-5-基、异苯并噻吩-6-基和异苯并噻吩-7-基。本文中使用的术语"吲唑基"(也称为1H-吲唑基或2-氮杂吲哚基)包括1H-吲唑-1-基、1H-吲唑-3-基、1H-吲唑-4-基、1H-吲唑-5-基、1H-吲唑-6-基、1H-吲唑-7-基、2H-吲唑-2-基、2H-吲唑-3-基、2H-吲唑-4-基、2H-吲唑-5-基、2H-吲唑-6-基和2H-吲唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"苯并咪唑基"包括苯并咪唑-1-基、苯并咪唑-2-基、苯并咪唑-4-基、苯并咪唑-5-基、苯并咪唑-6-基和苯并咪唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,3-苯并噁唑基"包括1,3-苯并噁唑-2-基、1,3-苯并噁唑-4-基、1,3-苯并噁唑-5-基、1,3-苯并噁唑-6-基和1,3-苯并噁唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,2-苯并异噁唑基"包括1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基、1,2-苯并异噁唑-4-基、1,2-苯并异噁唑-5-基、1,2-苯并异噁唑-6-基和1,2-苯并异噁唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"2,1-苯并异噁唑基"包括2,1-苯并异噁唑-3-基、2,1-苯并异噁唑-4-基、2,1-苯并异噁唑-5-基、2,1-苯并异噁唑-6-基和2,1-苯并异噁唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,3-苯并噻唑基"包括1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基、1,3-苯并噻唑-4-基、1,3-苯并噻唑-5-基、1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基和1,3-苯并噻唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,2-苯并异噻唑基"包括1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基、1,2-苯并异噻唑-4-基、1,2-苯并异噻唑-5-基、1,2-苯并异噻唑-6-基和1,2-苯并异噻唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"2,1-苯并异噻唑基"包括2,1-苯并异噻唑-3-基、2,1-苯并异噻唑-4-基、2,1-苯并异噻唑-5-基、2,1-苯并异噻唑-6-基和2,1-苯并异噻唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"苯并三唑基"包括苯并三唑-1-基、苯并三唑4-基、苯并三唑-5-基、苯并三唑-6-基和苯并三唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,2,3-苯并噁二唑基"包括1,2,3-苯并噁二唑-4-基、1,2,3-苯并噁二唑-5-基、1,2,3-苯并噁二唑-6-基和1,2,3-苯并噁二唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"2,1,3-苯并噁二唑基"包括2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-4-基、2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-5-基、2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-6-基和2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,2,3-苯并噻二唑基"包括1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-4-基、1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-5-基、1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-6-基和1,2,3-苯并噻二唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"2,1,3-苯并噻二唑基"包括2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-基、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-5-基、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-6-基和2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-7-基。本文中使用的术语"噻吩并吡啶基"包括噻吩并[2,3-b]吡啶基、噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶基、噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶基和噻吩并[3,2-b]吡啶基。本文中使用的术语"嘌呤基"包括嘌呤-2-基、嘌呤-6-基、嘌呤-7-基和嘌呤-8-基。本文中使用的术语"咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基"包括咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-4-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-5-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-基和咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-基。本文中使用的术语"1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基"包括1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-4-基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-6-基和1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-7-基。本文中使用的术语"喹啉基"包括喹啉-2-基、喹啉-3-基、喹啉-4-基、喹啉-5-基、喹啉-6-基、喹啉-7-基和喹啉-8-基。本文中使用的术语"异喹啉基"包括异喹啉-1-基、异喹啉-3-基、异喹啉-4-基、异喹啉-5-基、异喹啉-6-基、异喹啉-7-基和异喹啉-8-基。本文中使用的术语"噌啉基"包括噌啉-3-基、噌啉-4-基、噌啉-5-基、噌啉-6-基、噌啉-7-基和噌啉-8-基。本文中使用的术语"喹唑啉基"包括喹唑啉-2-基、喹唑啉-4-基、喹唑啉-5-基、喹唑啉-6-基、喹唑啉-7-基和喹唑啉-8-基。本文中使用的术语"喹喔啉基"包括喹喔啉-2-基、喹喔啉-5-基和喹喔啉-6-基。本文中使用的术语"7-氮杂吲哚基"表示1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶基,且包括7-氮杂吲哚-1-基、7-氮杂吲哚-2-基、7-氮杂吲哚-3-基、7-氮杂吲哚-4-基、7-氮杂吲哚-5-基、7-氮杂吲哚-6-基。本文中使用的术语"6-氮杂吲哚基"表示1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶基,且包括6-氮杂吲哚-1-基、6-氮杂吲哚-2-基、6-氮杂吲哚-3-基、6-氮杂吲哚-4-基、6-氮杂吲哚-5-基、6-氮杂吲哚-7-基。本文中使用的术语"5-氮杂吲哚基"表示1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶基,且包括5-氮杂吲哚-1-基、5-氮杂吲哚-2-基、5-氮杂吲哚-3-基、5-氮杂吲哚-4-基、5-氮杂吲哚-6-基、5-氮杂吲哚-7-基。本文中使用的术语"4-氮杂吲哚基"表示1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶基,且包括4-氮杂吲哚-1-基、4-氮杂吲哚-2-基、4-氮杂吲哚-3-基、4-氮杂吲哚-5-基、4-氮杂吲哚-6-基、4-氮杂吲哚-7-基。
例如,杂芳基的非限制性例子可以是2-或3-呋喃基、2-或3-噻吩基、1-、2-或3-吡咯基、1-、2-、4-或5-咪唑基、1-、3-、4-或5-吡唑基、3-、4-或5-异噁唑基、2-、4-或5-噁唑基、3-、4-或5-异噻唑基、2-、4-或5-噻唑基、1,2,3-三唑-1-、-4-或-5-基、1,2,4-三唑-1-、-3-、-4-或-5-基、1H-四唑-1-或-5-基、2H-四唑-2-或-5-基、1,2,3-噁二唑-4-或-5-基、1,2,4-噁二唑-3-或-5-基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、1,2,3-噻二唑-4-或-5-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-3-或-5-基、1,2,5-噻二唑-3-或-4-基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、1-或5-四唑基、2-、3-或4-吡啶基、3-或4-哒嗪基、2-、4-、5-或6-嘧啶基、2-、3-、4-、5-6-2H-噻喃基、2-、3-或4-4H-噻喃基、4-氮杂吲哚-1-、2-、3-、5-、或7-基、5-氮杂吲哚-1-、或2-、3-、4-、6-、或7-基、6-氮杂吲哚-1、2-、3-、4-、5-、或7-基、7-氮杂吲哚-1-、2-、3-、4、5-、或6-基、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并呋喃基、1-、3-、4-或5-异苯并呋喃基、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噻吩基、1-、3-、4-或5-异苯并噻吩基、1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚基、2-或3-吡嗪基、1,4-噁嗪-2-或-3-基、1,4-二氧杂环己烯-2-或-3-基、1,4-噻嗪-2-或-3-基、1,2,3-三嗪基、1,2,4-三嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪-2-、-4-或-6-基、噻吩并[2,3-b]呋喃-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-基、苯并咪唑-1-基、-2-基、-4-基、-5-基、-6-基或-7-基、1-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并吡唑基、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异噁唑基、2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噁唑基、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异噻唑基、1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基、-4-基、-5-基、-6-基或-7-基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-4-基、-5-基、-6-基或-7-基、苯并三唑-1-基、-4-基、-5-基、-6-基或-7-基、1-、2-噻蒽基、3-、4-或5-异苯并呋喃基、1-、2-、3-、4-或9-呫吨基、1-、2-、3-或4-氧硫杂蒽基(phenoxathiinyl)、2-、3-吡嗪基、1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-吲嗪基、2-、3-、4-或5-异吲哚基、1H-吲唑-1-基、3-基、-4-基、-5-基、-6-基或-7-基、2H-吲唑-2-基、3-基、-4-基、-5-基、-6-基或-7-基、咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-2-基、咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-3-基、咪唑并[2、1-b][1,3]噻唑-5-基或咪唑并[2,1-b][1,3]噻唑-6-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-4-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-5-基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-基或咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-7-基、四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-5-基、四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基、四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-7-基、或四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-8-基、2-、6-、7-或8-嘌呤基、4-、5-或6-酞嗪基、2-、3-或4-萘啶基、2-、5-或6-喹喔啉基、2-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹唑啉基、1-、2-、3-或4-喹嗪基、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、或8-喹啉基(喹啉基)、2-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹唑啉基、1-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-异喹啉基(异喹啉基)、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-噌啉基、2-、4-、6-或7-蝶啶基、1-、2-、3-、4-或9-咔唑基、1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-或9-咔啉基、1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-、9-或10-菲啶基、1-、2-、3-或4-吖啶基、1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-或9-萘嵌间二氮苯基、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-、9-或10-(1,7)菲咯啉基、1-或2-吩嗪基、1-、2-、3-、4-、或10-吩噻嗪基、3-或4-呋咱基、1-、2-、3-、4-、或10-吩噁嗪基,或它们的进一步被取代的衍生物。
"任选地被取代的杂芳基"表示任选地具有一个或多个取代基的杂芳基(例如1-4个取代基,例如1、2、3或4),所述取代基选自上面关于被取代的芳基定义的那些。
本文中使用的术语"氧代"表示基团=O。
本文中使用的术语"烷氧基"表示具有式-ORb的基团,其中Rb是烷基。优选地,烷氧基是C1-C10烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C4烷氧基。适用烷氧基的非限制性例子包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基。若烷氧基的氧原子被硫取代,由此产生的基团被称为硫基烷氧基。"卤代烷氧基"是烷氧基,其中烷基中的一个或多个氢原子被卤素所替代。适用卤代烷氧基的非限制性例子包括氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基、2-氟乙氧基、2-氯乙氧基、2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基;三氯甲氧基、2-溴乙氧基、五氟乙基、3,3,3-三氯丙氧基、4,4,4-三氯丁氧基。
本文中使用的术语"芳氧基"表示基团-O-芳基,其中芳基如上面所定义。
本文中使用的术语"芳基羰基"或"芳酰基"表示基团-C(O)-芳基,其中芳基如上面所定义。
术语"环烷基烷基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示具有与前述烷基链之一连接的前述环烷基之一的基团。这类环烷基烷基残基的例子包括环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基、环己基甲基、1-环戊基乙基、1-环己基乙基、2-环戊基乙基、2-环己基乙基、环丁基丙基、环戊基丙基、3-环戊基丁基、环己基丁基等。
术语"杂环基-烷基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示具有与前述烷基之一连接的前述杂环基之一的基团,即基团-Rd-Rc,其中Rd是亚烷基或被烷基取代的亚烷基,而Rc是杂环基。
术语"羧基"或"羧基团"或"羟基羰基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示基团-CO2H。因而,羧基烷基是具有至少一个取代基-CO2H的如上定义的烷基。
术语"烷氧基羰基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示连接到烷基残基的羧基,即形成-C(=O)ORe,其中Re如上面关于烷基所定义。
术语"烷基羰基氧基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示-O-C(=O)Re,其中Re如上面关于烷基所定义。
术语"烷基羰基氨基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示式-NH(C=O)R或-NR'(C=O)R的基团,其中R和R’各自独立地是烷基或被取代的烷基。
术语"硫代羰基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示基团-C(=S)-。
术语"烷氧基"自身或作为另一取代基的一部分,表示由连接到一个任选地被取代的直链或支链烷基、环烷基、芳烷基或环烷基烷基的氧原子组成的基团。适用烷氧基的非限制性例子包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、己氧基等。
作为基团或基团的一部分的术语"卤代"或"卤素"是氟、氯、溴或碘的上位概念。
单独或联合应用的术语"卤代烷基"表示具有如上定义的含义的烷基残基,其中一个或多个氢被如上定义的卤素所替代。这类卤代烷基残基的非限制性例子包括氯甲基、1-溴乙基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1,1,1-三氟乙基等。
单独或联合应用的术语"卤代芳基"表示具有如上定义的含义的芳基残基,其中一个或多个氢被如上定义的卤素所替代。
单独或联合应用的术语"卤代烷氧基"表示式-O-烷基的基团,其中烷基被1、2或3个卤素原子取代。例如,"卤代烷氧基"包括-OCF3、-OCHF2、-OCH2F、-O-CF2-CF3、-O-CH2-CF3、-O-CH2-CHF2和-O-CH2-CH2F。
每当在本发明中使用术语"取代"时,它意在表明,在使用"被……取代"的表述中指出原子上的一个或多个氢被选自指定组的基团所替代,前提条件是,指定的原子的正常化合价不被超越,且该取代会产生化学稳定的化合物,即这样的化合物:其足够稳健以耐受从反应混合物分离至有用的纯度级别、以及配制成治疗剂。
本文中使用的术语诸如“烷基、芳基或环烷基,每个任选地被……取代”或“烷基、芳基或环烷基,任选地被……取代”表示任选地被取代的烷基、任选地被取代的芳基和任选地被取代的环烷基。
如本文中所述,本发明的一些化合物可能含有作为手性中心的一个或更多不对称的碳原子,这可能会导致不同的光学异构形式(例如对映异构体或非对映异构体)。本发明包括所有可能构型的这些光学异构形式、以及它们的混合物。
更一般而言,从上述所见,技术人员将清楚知道本发明的化合物可能会以不同的异构体和/或互变异构体的形式存在,包括但不限于几何异构体、构象异构体、E/Z-异构体、立体化学的异构体(即对映异构体和非对映异构体)及对应于本发明化合物中环的不同位置的相同取代基的异构体。所有这些可能的异构体、互变异构体及它们的混合物将被纳入发明的范围内。
每当在本发明中使用术语"本发明的化合物"或类似术语时,意在包括通式I的化合物和它们的任意子集。这个术语也指表1至11所示的化合物、它们的衍生物、N-氧化物、盐、溶剂化物、水合物、立体异构形式、外消旋混合物、互变异构形式、光学异构体、类似物、前药、酯和代谢物、以及它们的季铵化的氮类似物。所述化合物的N-氧化物形式旨在包含这样的化合物:其中一个或多个氮原子被氧化成所谓的N-氧化物。
如在说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的,单数形式"一个"、"一种"和"所述"包括复数指示物,除非上下文另外清楚地指明。作为例子,"一种化合物"是指一种化合物或超过一种化合物。
上面描述的术语和在说明书中使用的其它术语被本领域技术人员较好地理解。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供本文描述的式I的化合物,其中;
R3选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-6烷基和C3-6环烷基,尤其是氢或C1-3烷基;更尤其是氢。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供式I的化合物,其中;
X是氢或卤素;尤其是卤素;更尤其是氟;
A是-NH-C(=O)-或-C(=O)-NH-;
Y是N或C;
R3选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基和C3-15环烷基;尤其是氢或C1-6烷基;更尤其是氢或C1-6烷基;甚至更尤其是氢;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基和卤素;尤其是氢,C1-6烷基和卤素;更尤其是氢,甲基和卤素;和
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,和C3-19杂环基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,C1-6烷基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲,和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至9个碳原子。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供本文描述的式I的化合物,其中;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基和卤素;尤其是氢,C1-6烷基和卤素;更尤其是氢,甲基和卤素。
在又一优选的实施方式中,本发明提供本文描述的式I的化合物,其中;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基和卤素;尤其是氢,甲基和卤素;更尤其是R1是甲基或氟;并且
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基和C3-20炔基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
尤其是,R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基。
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至5个碳原子。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供本文描述的式I的化合物,其中;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基和卤素;尤其是氢,甲基或卤素,更尤其是甲基或氟;并且
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
尤其是R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至5个碳原子。
在又一优选的实施方式中,本发明提供本文描述的式I的化合物,其中;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基和卤素;尤其是氢,甲基或卤素,更尤其是甲基或氟;并且
R2选自C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基,C3-6炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基,C3-6炔基和芳基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
尤其是选自C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基和C3-6炔基;其中所述C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基和C3-6炔基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
更尤其是R2是C1-6烷基,其任选用选自下述的取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至5个碳原子。
在特别的实施方式中,本发明提供本文描述的式I的化合物,其中;
R2的所述一个或多个可选取代基选自卤代,羟基,硝基,氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基和卤代-C1-20烷基;尤其是选自氰基,C3-6环烷基,C3-6杂环基,C1-6烷氧基,二(C1-6烷基)氨基,芳基和杂芳基;更尤其是选自C3-6杂环基和C1-6烷氧基。
本发明的目的还是提供那些式I的化合物,其中应用下述限制中的一个或多个:
X是卤素;尤其是氟;
A是-C(=O)-NH-;
Y是C;
R3是氢;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基和卤素;尤其是氢,C1-6烷基和卤素;更尤其是氢,甲基和氟
R1是氢;
R1是氟;
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基和C3-20炔基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;尤其是R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;尤其是R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
R2选自C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基,C3-6炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基,C3-6炔基和芳基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;尤其是选自C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基和C3-6炔基;其中所述C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基和C3-6炔基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;更尤其是R2是C1-6烷基,其任选用选自下述的取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐/酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;甚至更尤其是R2是C1-6烷基。
R2的所述一个或多个可选取代基选自卤代,羟基,硝基,氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基和卤代-C1-20烷基;尤其是选自氰基,C3-6环烷基,C3-6杂环基,C1-6烷氧基,二(C1-6烷基)氨基,芳基和杂芳基;更尤其是选自C3-6杂环基和C1-6烷氧基;
R2的所述一个或多个可选取代基选自C3-19杂环基和C1-20烷氧基;更尤其是选自氧杂环戊烷基(oxolanyl)和甲氧基;
R1和R2一起形成环状酯,其在环状酯环中包含4个碳原子。
在又一特别的实施方式中,本发明提供化合物,选自:
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-3-氟苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-2-氟苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-3-氟苯甲酸丙酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-2-甲基苯甲酸丙酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯;
6-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}氨基甲酰基)吡啶-3-甲酸甲酯;
2-甲氧基乙基4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)苯甲酸酯;
氧杂环戊烷-2-基甲基4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)苯甲酸酯;
4-(氨基甲基)-N-(3-氟吡啶-4-基)-3-{3-[(1-氧代-1,3-二氢-2-苯并呋喃-5-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基}苯甲酰胺;和
N-{3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}-1-氧代-1,3-二氢-2-苯并呋喃-5-甲酰胺。
本发明的化合物可以根据以下实施例所提供的反应方案制备,但本领域技术人员会明白这些都仅作为本发明的示范,而本发明的化合物可以根据任何有机化学技术人员的常用标准合成工艺制备。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明化合物可用作体外或体内的激酶抑制剂,更尤其是用于抑制至少一种选自ROCKI和ROCKII的ROCK激酶,尤其是软ROCK抑制剂。相应地,本发明提供如本文所定义的化合物,或包含所述化合物的组合物,用作药物。
本发明另外提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物作为人药或兽药的用途,特别是用于预防和/或治疗至少一种涉及ROCK的疾病或障碍,例如与平滑肌细胞功能、炎症、纤维化、过度的细胞增殖、过度的血管生成、高反应性、屏障功能障碍、神经变性、和重塑有关的疾病。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗至少一种疾病或障碍的用途,所述疾病或障碍选自:眼疾病;气道疾病;喉、鼻和耳疾病;肠疾病;心血管疾病和血管疾病;炎性疾病;神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病;增殖性疾病;肾疾病;性功能障碍;骨疾病;良性前列腺增生、移植排斥、痉挛、高血压、慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病和变态反应。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗眼疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状的用途,所述眼疾病包括但不限于视网膜病变、视神经病、青光眼和退行性视网膜疾病诸如黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎和炎症性眼疾病(比如前葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎、中葡萄膜炎和后葡萄膜炎)。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗气道疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状的用途,所述气道疾病包括但不限于肺纤维化、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、哮喘、纤维化、肺炎、囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD);支气管炎和鼻炎和呼吸窘迫综合征。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗心血管疾病和血管疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状的用途,所述心血管疾病和血管疾病包括但不限于肺动脉高压和肺血管收缩。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗喉、鼻和耳疾病的用途,所述喉、鼻和耳疾病包括但不限于窦问题、听力问题、牙痛、扁桃体炎、溃疡和鼻炎。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗皮肤疾病的用途,所述皮肤疾病包括但不限于角化过度、角化不全、颗粒层增厚、棘层增厚、角化不良、棘细胞层水肿和溃疡形成。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗肠疾病的用途,所述肠疾病包括但不限于炎性肠病(IBD)、结肠炎、胃肠炎、肠梗阻、回肠炎、阑尾炎和克罗恩氏病。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗炎性疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状和/或炎性反应的用途,所述炎性疾病包括但不限于接触性皮炎、特应性皮炎、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、银屑病关节炎、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防、治疗和/或控制神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病的用途,所述神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病包括但不限于神经性疼痛。本发明的化合物因此适合用于在不同的神经系统疾病中预防神经变性和刺激神经再生,和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗增殖性疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状和/或炎性反应的用途,所述增殖性疾病包括但不限于乳腺、结肠、肠、皮肤、头和颈、神经、子宫、肾、肺、卵巢、胰腺、前列腺或甲状腺的癌症;巨大淋巴结增生症;肉瘤;恶性细胞瘤;和黑素瘤。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗肾疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状和/或炎性反应的用途,所述肾疾病包括但不限于肾纤维化或肾功能障碍。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗性功能障碍的用途和/或用于治疗与使用某些药物(诸如用于治疗高血压、抑郁或焦虑的药物)的治疗有关的性功能障碍的用途,所述性功能障碍包括但不限于性腺功能减退症、膀胱疾病、高血压、糖尿病或盆腔手术。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗骨疾病的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状和/或炎性反应的用途,所述骨疾病包括但不限于骨质疏松症和骨关节炎。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了如上文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物用于预防和/或治疗疾病和障碍的用途和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与其有关的并发症和/或症状,所述疾病和障碍是例如良性前列腺增生、移植排斥、痉挛、慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病和变态反应。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供如前文所定义的化合物的用途或包含所述化合物的组合物的用途,用于预防和/或治疗眼疾病。
治疗方法
本发明另外提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗至少一种疾病或障碍的方法,所述疾病或障碍选自:眼疾病;气道疾病;心血管疾病和血管疾病;炎性疾病;神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病;增殖性疾病;肾疾病;性功能障碍;骨疾病;良性前列腺增生;移植排斥;痉挛;高血压;慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病和变态反应;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗眼疾病的方法,所述眼疾病包括但不限于视网膜病变、视神经病、青光眼和退行性视网膜疾病诸如黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎和炎症性眼疾病(比如前葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎、中葡萄膜炎和后葡萄膜炎);所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗气道疾病的方法,所述气道疾病包括但不限于肺纤维化、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、哮喘、纤维化、肺炎、囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)支气管炎、鼻炎和呼吸窘迫综合征;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗心血管疾病和血管疾病的方法,所述心血管疾病和血管疾病包括但不限于肺动脉高压和肺血管收缩;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗炎性疾病的方法,所述炎性疾病包括但不限于接触性皮炎、特应性皮炎、银屑病、类风湿性关节炎、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、银屑病关节炎、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病的方法,所述神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病包括但不限于神经性疼痛。本发明的化合物因此适合用于在不同的神经系统疾病预防神经变性和刺激神经再生;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗增殖性疾病的方法,所述增殖性疾病包括但不限于乳腺、结肠、肠、皮肤、头颈、神经、子宫、肾、肺、肝、卵巢、胰腺、前列腺或甲状腺的癌症;巨大淋巴结增生症;白血病;肉瘤;淋巴瘤;恶性细胞瘤;和黑素瘤;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗肾疾病的方法,所述肾疾病包括但不限于肾纤维化或肾功能障碍;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗性功能障碍的方法和/或用于治疗与使用某些药物(诸如用于治疗高血压、抑郁或焦虑的药物)的治疗有关的性功能障碍的方法,所述性功能障碍包括但不限于性腺功能减退症、膀胱疾病、高血压、糖尿病或盆腔手术;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗骨疾病的方法,所述骨疾病包括但不限于骨质疏松症和骨关节炎;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗疾病和障碍的方法,所述疾病和障碍是例如良性前列腺增生、移植排斥、痉挛、慢性阻塞性膀胱疾病和变态反应;所述方法包括:给有此需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文中定义的化合物或组合物。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供预防和/或治疗眼疾病的方法;所述方法包括向有需要的受试者给药治疗有效量的如本文所定义的化合物或组合物。
在本发明中,特别优选的是,在下文所述的ROCK抑制测定中能以小于10μM、优选地小于1μM、更优选地小于0.1μM的IC50值抑制ROCK的式I的化合物或其任何子集。
所述的抑制可能会发生于体外和/或体内,当发生于体内时,优选以如上定义的选择性方式进行。
本文中使用的术语"ROCK介导的病症"或"疾病"是指已知能发挥作用的任何疾病或其它有害的状况。术语"ROCK介导的病症"或"疾病"也表示通过ROCK抑制剂能达到缓解作用的疾病或病症。相应地,本发明的另一个实施方案涉及到ROCK发挥作用下治疗或减轻一个或更多疾病的严重性。
在药物用途方面,本发明的化合物可用作游离酸或碱、和/或以药学上可接受的酸加成/或碱加成盐的形式(如:通过无毒性的有机或无机酸或碱取得)、水合物、溶剂化物和/或复合物形式,和/或前药(pro-drug)或前体药物(pre-drug)(比如酯类)存在。除另有注明外,否则本文中使用的术语"溶剂化物"表示任何用本发明化合物与合适无机溶剂(如:水合物)或有机溶剂(例如但不限于醇类、酮类、酯类等)形成的组合形式。所述盐、水合物、溶剂化物等及其制备是技术人员所明了的。
根据本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的盐,即以水、油可溶性的或可分散的产物形式呈现,包括常规无毒性盐或从例如无机或有机酸或碱形成的季铵盐。通常,对于制药用途而言,本发明的化合物可以被制为药物制剂或药物组合物,其包含至少一种本发明化合物和至少一种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂和/或佐剂、以及任选地一种或多种其它的药学活性化合物。
通过非限制性例子的方式,这类制剂可以呈适合口服施用、胃肠外施用(诸如通过肌肉内或皮下注射)、局部施用(包括眼用)、吸入给药、通过皮肤贴剂、通过植入物、通过栓剂等的形式。所述的适宜给药形式-取决于给药方式可以是固体、半固体或液体-以及其制备中所用的方法和载体、稀释剂和赋形剂是技术人员所明了的。
这类制剂的某些优选但非限制性的例子包括片剂、丸剂、粉剂、锭剂、药囊、扁囊剂、酏剂、混悬液、乳剂、溶液、糖浆剂、气雾剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、洗剂、软和硬明胶胶囊剂、栓剂、滴眼剂、无菌注射溶液和无菌包装的粉末(通常使用前需重新构建)以用作快速浓注给药和/或连续给药,并可以用本身适用于这些制剂的载体、赋形剂及稀释剂进行配制,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、金合欢树胶、磷酸钙、海藻酸盐、黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、纤维素、(无菌)水、甲基纤维素、甲基-和丙基羟基苯甲酸酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、食用油、植物油和矿物油或其合适的混合物。制剂可以任选地含有其它药学活性物质(可能会或不会与本发明的化合物产生协同作用)及在药物制剂中常用的其它物质,诸如润滑剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和助悬剂、分散剂、崩解剂、增量剂(bulking agent)、填充剂、防腐剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、流动调节剂、脱模剂等。还可以配制组合物以提供快速、持续或延缓其中所含的活性化合物的释放,例如使用脂质体或基于天然凝胶或合成聚合物的亲水高分子基质。为了增强根据本发明的药物组合物的化合物的溶解度和/或稳定性,可以有利地采用α-、β-或γ-环糊精或其衍生物。此外,共溶剂比如醇可以改善化合物的溶解度和/或稳定性。在制备水性组合物时,加入本发明化合物的盐将会更合适,这是因为它们的水溶性更高。
对于眼科应用,溶液、凝胶剂、片剂等通常会使用生理盐水溶液、凝胶或赋形剂作为主要媒介物。眼科制剂最好能使用适当的缓冲系统以舒适的pH值来制备。
更具体而言,组合物可以制成包含治疗有效量的由本发明的化合物的固体分散体和一种或多种药学上可接受的水溶性的聚合物组成的颗粒的药物制剂。
术语"固体分散体"表示包含至少有两个成分的固态(而不是液态或气态)系统,其中一个成分能或多或少均匀地分散到其它一种或多种成分中。当所述成分分散性使得系统在化学和物理性质上统一或各处均质或由热力学上定义的单相组成,这类固体分散体将被称为"固体溶液"。固体溶液是一种优选的物理系统,这是因为其中成分对所施用的生物体通常是生物可利用的。
以纳米粒子的形式配制化合物可能会进一步带来方便,所述纳米离子具有吸附在其表面的、足以将有效平均粒径维持在小于1000nm的表面改性剂。合适的表面改性剂优选选自已知的有机及无机药物赋形剂。这类赋形剂包括各种聚合物、低分子量寡聚物、天然产物及表面活性剂。优选的表面改性剂包括非离子及阴离子表面活性剂。
该制剂可用本身已知的方式制备,这通常涉及混合至少一种本发明的化合物及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,如果需要的话,当必要时在无菌条件下,与其它药物活性化合物组合。
化合物能够通过各种途径给予,包括口、直肠、眼、透皮、皮下、肌内或鼻内途径,主要取决于所用的特定制剂和待治疗或预防的病症。至少一种本发明化合物通常以"有效量"施用,也就是说在合适的施用后足以在被施用的个体中实现期望的治疗或预防效果的式I的化合物或其任何子集的任意量。
按照本发明的方法,所述的药物组合物可以在治疗过程中分别在不同的时间施用或同时以分开的或单一的组合形式施用。因此,本发明应被理解为涵盖所有这些同时或交替的治疗方案,而术语"施用"将会相应地被作出诠释。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物及组合物都被局部使用,例如用于局部或吸附及非吸附应用。
该组合物在兽医领域具有其一定价值,其目的不仅包括预防和/或治疗动物疾病,而且也为经济上重要的动物如牛、猪、羊、鸡、鱼等促进生长和/或它们的重量和/或肉或从动物身上获得的其它产品的数量和/或质量。因此,在另一个方面,本发明涉及供兽医用途的组合物,该组合物包含至少一种本发明化合物及至少一种合适的载体(即适合动物使用的载体)。本发明还涉及到使用本发明化合物来制备这类组合物。
现在将通过下面的合成实施例和生物学实施例来解释本发明,但是所述实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
A.化合物的理化特性
A.1.化合物纯度
除非另有指定,化合物的纯度由液体色谱法/质谱(LC/MS)确定。
A.2.构型的归属:
用Cahn-Ingold-Prelog系统来划分手性中心的绝对构型,其中不对称碳上的4个基团按照优先规则排列。可参考Cahn;Ingold;PrelogAngew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1966,5,385-415。
A.3.立体化学:
本领域技术人员已知的是,特定的对映异构体(或非对映异构体)可以通过不同的方法获得,例如但不限于手性拆分(例如,与光学活性酸或碱形成的盐类可用于形成非对映异构盐,它们可以促进式I的化合物或其任何子集的光学活性异构体的分离)、不对称的合成或制备型手性色谱法(使用不同的柱,如得自Chiral Technologies Europe(Illkirch,法国)的Chiralcel OD-H(三-3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯,46×250或100×250mm,5μm)、Chiralcel OJ(三-甲基苯甲酸酯,46×250或100×250mm,5μm)、Chiralpak AD(三-3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯,46×250mm,10μm)和Chiralpak AS(三-(S)-1-苯基乙基氨基甲酸酯,46×250mm,10μm)。如果方便的话,立体异构体可以从具有已知构型的市售材料得到(这类化合物包括例如氨基酸)。
B.化合物合成
B.1.本发明化合物
本发明化合物能够根据下述一般程序制得:
反应a:在室温下,向羧酸中间体在有机溶剂比如DMF或DCM中的溶液或悬浮液加入适当的偶联试剂(例如TBTU/HOBt、HATU或T3P)和碱比如DIEA或DMAP。在5分钟之后,加入所选的胺,在适当温度(例如室温或60℃)搅拌混合物直至反应完成。在适当后处理之后,残余物可以按照不同方法纯化,比如快速色谱法,例如用DCM/EtOAc洗脱,或在溶剂(例如DCM或水)中沉淀,提供期望的产品,是白色粉末。
反应b:向酯中间体在有机溶剂(例如THF、二噁烷或乙腈)中的溶液或悬浮液滴加适当的碱比如LiOH的水溶液。在室温下搅拌所得混合物直至反应完成。然后,用适当的酸比如HCl(0.5M水溶液)或KHSO4(0.5M水溶液)将反应混合物酸化至pH4。过滤收集白色悬浮物,用水和适当的有机溶剂比如AcOEt或DCM洗涤,和在真空下干燥,提供期望的产品,是白色粉末。
反应c:在室温下,将HCl(气体)鼓泡通过Boc-保护的胺在有机溶剂(例如DCM、AcOEt、二乙醚或二噁烷)中的溶液或悬浮液,持续5至10分钟。在适当的温度(例如0℃或室温)搅拌所得混合物直至反应完成。然后,过滤收集白色悬浮物,用有机溶剂比如二乙醚洗涤,真空干燥,提供期望的产品的HCl盐,是白色粉末。
反应d:在室温下,向羧酸中间体在有机溶剂(例如THF、DMF或DCM)中的溶液或悬浮液加入适当的偶联试剂(例如TBTU/HOBt、HATU、DIC或T3P)和碱比如DIEA或DMAP。在5分钟之后,加入所选的醇,在适当的温度(例如室温或60℃)搅拌混合物直至反应完成。在适当后处理之后,残余物通过快速色谱法纯化用适当洗脱液比如DCM/EtOAc或庚烷/EtOAc,提供期望的产品,是白色粉末。
如果A=-NHC(O)-,则最终的化合物能够按照相似方案制备自需要的苯胺中间体和适当的羧酸。
为了制备需要的中间体,可以参考PCT申请WO2011/107608。
在下表中,示范性本发明化合物以制表形式列出。在该表中,人为赋予化合物编号并列出结构信息。
化合物11:
化合物11这样获得:首先将中间体羧酸(描述于WO2011/107608一般方案/中间体)与相应可商购的内酯偶联,然后如一般方案(步骤c)中的描述除去Boc保护。
化合物12:
化合物12这样获得:首先将中间体苯胺(如WO2011/107608的描述)与相应可商购的内酯偶联,然后按照一般方案(步骤c)的描述除去Boc保护。
C.体外和体内测定
C.1.ROCK抑制活性筛选
C.1.1.激酶抑制(ROCKI或ROCKII)
使用下述试剂,在生化测定中测量了对ROCK的在靶活性:基础反应缓冲液;20mM Hepes(pH7.5),10mM MgCl2,1mM EGTA,0.02%Brij35,0.02mg/ml BSA,0.1mM Na3VO4,2mM DTT,1%DMSO。将需要的辅因子单个地加入每种激酶反应物中。反应操作首先涉及在新鲜制备的反应缓冲液中制备肽底物。然后将需要的辅因子加入底物溶液中。然后将ROCK(1nM终浓度)递送至底物溶液。轻轻混合后,将试验化合物的DMSO溶液加给酶。然后将底物混合物33P-ATP(最终比活性0.01μCi/μl)递送进反应混合物中,以启动反应。将激酶反应物在室温温育120min。然后将反应物印迹(spotted)在P81离子交换纸(Whatman#3698-915)上。在0.1%磷酸中充分地洗涤过滤器。然后进行放射测量计数,并随后确定IC50值。
在所述条件下评价时,本发明化合物以IC50<100nM抑制ROCK2。
C.1.2.肌球蛋白轻链磷酸化测定
使用大鼠平滑肌细胞系A7r5。ROCK的内源表达会导致调节性肌球蛋白轻链在T18/S19处的构成性磷酸化。将A7r5细胞放入多孔细胞培养平板内的补充了10%FCS的DMEM中。血清饥饿过夜以后,在无血清培养基中将细胞与化合物一起温育。
使用phspho-MLC-T18/S19特异性抗体和第二检测抗体,通过ELISA在96孔板中评估MLC-T18/S19磷酸化的定量。将原始数据转化成相对于高对照(将其设定为100%)的底物磷酸化百分比。使用GraphPad Prism5.01软件,使用具有变化斜率的非线性回归曲线拟合,确定IC50值。对于本发明化合物,EC50值低于500nM。
C.2.药理学表征
C.2.1.人类肝细胞中的稳定性测试。
化合物于1μM浓度与人类肝细胞(2106细胞/ml,缓冲溶液中)一起温育。在固定时间点(ex:1、30、60&120分钟),将温育混合物(200μl)在冰上冷却并加入100μl乙腈。在涡旋混合之后,将样品于16000rpm离心5分钟。在各样品中的化合物残余通过LC-PDA-MS/MS分析确定,随后计算化合物半衰期。酯水解导致的酸代谢物形成能够同时进行。首先记录酸出现的峰面积,然后由校准曲线反向计算相应浓度。
在所述条件下评价时,本发明化合物快速降解为相应酸(主要代谢物)。例如,化合物1具有14分钟的t1/2,如表2中所示:
表2
时间(min) | 化合物1(%剩余) | 酸(相应%) |
1 | 100.0 | 0.9+/-0.9 |
30 | 16.0+/-0.4 | 91.7+/-2.9 |
60 | 4.8+/-0.1 | 99.7+/-0.8 |
120 | 2.4+/-1.3 | 99.3+/-0.8 |
C.2.2.在兔房水或玻璃体液中的稳定性测定
以1μM的浓度在兔房水中(AH)或兔玻璃体液中(VH)温育化合物。在固定的时间点取样,然后在蛋白质沉淀后用LC-MS/MS确定残留的化合物。本发明化合物的半衰期值提供于表3中。
表3
#Cpd | t1/2兔AH(min) | t1/2兔VH(min) |
1 | >60 | >60 |
2 | >60 | >60 |
3 | >60 | >60 |
4 | >60 | >60 |
5 | >60 | >60 |
6 | >60 | >60 |
7 | >60 | >60 |
8 | >60 | >60 |
9 | >60 | >60 |
10 | >60 | >60 |
C.2.3。在小鼠中静脉内和口服给药后的药代动力学。
在雄性CD-1小鼠中静脉内和口服给药之后评价化合物1的生物利用度。化合物于0.1mg/kg经静脉内和1mg/kg经口给药。血浆水平通过LC-MS/MS测定而药代动力学参数通过非房室模型用WinNonlin v5.2.1软件估计。
在静脉内以0.1mg/kg给药化合物1之后,达到16.3ng/mL的Cmax。清除率和分布体积分别是15.4L/hr/kg和100L/kg。通过AUC最终测得的静脉内暴露是4.82±0.276小时*ng/mL。相应代谢物在给药后1小时仍可检测,最大浓度是16.3ng/mL。与母体化合物相比,代谢物具有1.47倍更高的暴露(7.10±0.920小时*ng/mL)。在口服给药于1mg/kg的化合物1之后,于给药后15分钟观察到22.4±22ng/mL的Cmax。AUC最终测得是6.20±5.50小时*ng/mL。百分比口服生物利用度测得是12.9%。在口服给药化合物1之后,其代谢物于15分钟仍可检测,Cmax仅为4.53±3.83ng/mL。这些数据确认化合物1快速代谢且从身体很快地排泄。
Claims (15)
1.式I的化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、外消旋物、盐、水合物或溶剂化物,
其中,
X是氢或卤素;
A是-NH-C(=O)-或-C(=O)-NH-;
Y是N或C;
R3选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基和C3-15环烷基;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基和卤素;和
R2选自C1-20烷基、C3-20烯基、C3-20炔基、C3-15环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基、C3-20烯基、C3-20炔基、C3-15环烷基、芳基、杂芳基和C3-19杂环基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,C1-6烷基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲,和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至9个碳原子。
2.根据权利要求1的式I的化合物,其中;
R3选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-6烷基,和C3-6环烷基,尤其是氢或C1-3烷基;更尤其是氢。
3.根据权利要求1的式I的化合物,其中;
X是卤素;更尤其是氟;
A是-NH-C(=O)-或-C(=O)-NH-;
Y是N或C;
R3选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,和C3-15环烷基;尤其是氢或C1-6烷基;更尤其是氢或C1-6烷基;甚至更尤其是氢;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基,和卤素;尤其是氢,C1-6烷基,和卤素;更尤其是氢,甲基,和卤素;和
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,和C3-19杂环基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,C1-6烷基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲,和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至9个碳原子。
4.根据权利要求1的式I的化合物,其中;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,和卤素;尤其是氢,C1-6烷基,和卤素;更尤其是氢,甲基,和卤素。
5.根据权利要求1的式I的化合物,其中;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基,和卤素;尤其是氢,甲基,和卤素;更尤其是R1是甲基或氟;和
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲,和磺酰氨基;
或R2与R1一起形成环状酯(内酯),其在环状酯环中包含4至5个碳原子。
6.根据权利要求1的式I的化合物,其中应用下述限制中的一个或多个:
X是卤素;尤其是氟;
A是-C(=O)-NH-;
Y是C;
R3是氢;
R1选自包含下述的组:氢,C1-20烷基,和卤素;尤其是氢,C1-6烷基,和卤素;更尤其是氢,甲基和氟;
R1是氢;
R1是氟;
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基和C3-20炔基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;尤其是R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基,C3-15环烷基,芳基,杂芳基和C3-19杂环基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;尤其是R2选自C1-20烷基,C3-20烯基,C3-20炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-20烷基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;
R2选自C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基,C3-6炔基和芳基;其中所述C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基,C3-6炔基和芳基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;尤其是选自C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基和C3-6炔基;其中所述C1-6烷基,C3-6烯基和C3-6炔基任选用选自下述的一个或多个取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;更尤其是R2是C1-6烷基,其任选用选自下述的取代基取代:卤代,羟基,氧代,羰基,氨基,酰氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C1-6烷基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷氧基,卤代-C1-20烷基,巯基,C1-20烷硫基,羧酸,酰基氨基,C1-20烷基酯,氨基甲酸盐,氨基甲酸酯,硫酰氨基,脲和磺酰氨基;甚至更尤其是R2是C1-6烷基;
R2的所述一个或多个可选取代基选自卤代,羟基,硝基,氨基,氰基,芳基,杂芳基,C3-15环烷基,C3-19杂环基,C1-20烷基氨基,二(C1-20烷基)氨基,C1-20烷氧基和卤代-C1-20烷基;尤其是选自氰基,C3-6环烷基,C3-6杂环基,C1-6烷氧基,二(C1-6烷基)氨基,芳基和杂芳基;更尤其是选自C3-6杂环基和C1-6烷氧基;
R2的所述一个或多个可选取代基选自C3-19杂环基和C1-20烷氧基;更尤其是选自氧杂环戊烷基和甲氧基;
R1和R2一起形成环状酯,其在环状酯环中包含4个碳原子。
7.根据权利要求1的化合物,选自
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-3-氟苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-2-氟苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-3-氟苯甲酸丙酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-2-甲基苯甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)-2-甲基苯甲酸丙酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯;
6-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}氨基甲酰基)吡啶-3-甲酸甲酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)苯甲酸2-甲氧基乙酯;
4-({3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}酰氨基)苯甲酸氧杂环戊烷-2-基甲酯;
4-(氨基甲基)-N-(3-氟吡啶-4-基)-3-{3-[(1-氧代-1,3-二氢-2-苯并呋喃-5-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基}苯甲酰胺;和
N-{3-[2-(氨基甲基)-5-[(3-氟吡啶-4-基)氨基甲酰基]苯基]苯基}-1-氧代-1,3-二氢-2-苯并呋喃-5-甲酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物,用作药物。
9.组合物,包含如权利要求1至7中任一项所定义的化合物,用作人药或兽药。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的组合物,用于其中牵涉ROCK的疾病或障碍的预防和/或治疗,所述疾病或障碍是比如与平滑肌细胞功能、炎症、纤维化、过度的细胞增殖、血管生成过度、高反应性、屏障功能障碍、神经变性和重塑有关的疾病。
11.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的组合物,用于至少一种疾病或障碍的预防和/或治疗,所述疾病或障碍选自包含下述的组:眼疾病;气道疾病;咽喉、鼻和耳疾病;肠病;心血管疾病和血管疾病;炎性疾病;神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病:增殖性疾病;肾病;性功能障碍;骨疾病;良性前列腺增生,移植排斥,痉挛,高血压,慢性梗阻性膀胱疾病和变态反应。
12.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的组合物,用于眼疾病的预防和/或治疗;所述眼疾病包括但不限于视网膜病变,视神经病,青光眼,退行性视网膜疾病比如黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎和炎性眼疾病(比如前葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎、中葡萄膜炎和后葡萄膜炎),和/或用于预防、治疗和/或减轻与它们关联的并发症和/或症状。
13.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的组合物的用途,用于抑制至少一种激酶的体外或体内活性。
14.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的组合物的用途,用作激酶抑制剂;尤其是用作ROCK抑制剂,例如用作ROCKI和/或ROCKII抑制剂;更尤其是用作软ROCK抑制剂。
15.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的组合物的用途,用于预防和/或治疗选自包含下述的组的至少一种疾病或障碍:眼疾病;气道疾病;心血管疾病和血管疾病;炎性疾病;神经学疾病和中枢神经系统疾病:增殖性疾病;肾病;性功能障碍;骨疾病;良性前列腺增生;移植排斥;痉挛;高血压;慢性梗阻性膀胱疾病;和变态反应。
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WO2011107608A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-09 | Amakem Nv | Heterocyclic amides as rock inhibitors |
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