CN103435404B - Compatibility of cultivation material for pleurotus geesteranus and manufacture method of cultivation material - Google Patents
Compatibility of cultivation material for pleurotus geesteranus and manufacture method of cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435404B CN103435404B CN201310350412.3A CN201310350412A CN103435404B CN 103435404 B CN103435404 B CN 103435404B CN 201310350412 A CN201310350412 A CN 201310350412A CN 103435404 B CN103435404 B CN 103435404B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation material of pleurotus geesteranus, which is characterized in that chestnut branch crumbs, bract shell crumbs and chestnut shell crumbs are adopted as the main raw materials, cotton seed hulls, bran, land plaster and the like are adopted as the auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63-65%. The invention further discloses a manufacture method of the cultivation material. Compared with the sawdust cultivation material, the cultivation material of pleurotus geesteranus has the advantages as follows: first, the cultivation materials with different sizes are matched reasonably, the air permeability of the fungus material is excellent, the vigorous growth of pleurotus geesteranus hyphae is realized, and the time of growing full of bags is shortened; second, the chestnut branch crumbs, the bract shell crumbs and the chestnut shell crumbs are subjected to sun exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation treatment, so that toxic anti-bacteria substances are removed, degradation of macromolecular substances is realized, absorption of pleurotus geesteranus hyphae is facilitated, formation of primordia of the fruit body is promoted, the quantity of the effective mushrooms is increased, and the yield is improved by 20-30%; third, the range of the cultivation materials is broadened, and the production cost is greatly lowered.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus geesteranus, sporophore individuality is petite, and profile is beautiful, and size is comparatively even, and quality is fine and close soft, and stem fibrosis is low, and mouthfeel is more smooth, and unique flavor, storage tolerance is good, is domestic and international market to be developed Rare edible fungus rapidly.
Pleurotus geesteranus is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability, so always, mushroom agriculture is all using wood chip and cotton seed hulls as culturing raw material aborning.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, Chinese Chestnut cultivated area will be 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
Produce Chinese chestnut and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, prune the branch Yue Keda 700,000 tons fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Li Yuan; Two is shells, has another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell having 60kg-90kg, these luxuriant shells, draws materials easily, enormous amount, but done except fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone to rot; Three is chestnut shells, is pericarp and the seed coat of Li Jianguo, and account for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, chestnut shell produces in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and has both increased production cost, wastes resource again.
Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Bud shell, containing higher nutritive substance, according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; Chestnut shell, containing the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.These components above, can grow for edible fungi growth and provide required carbon source, nitrogenous source.But these three kinds of materials of chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell also containing the material such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of process comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to eliminating the objectionable impurities affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, the growth of wood rotting fungi is therefore suitable for.
In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of chestnut shell cultivation Pleurotus geesteranus, that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility that is main raw material with chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Pleurotus geesteranus planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%-30%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Chestnut branch is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: the particle (prevent luxuriant shell from stinging length and puncture sack) of below the particle diameter 3mm that is exposed to the sun, is ground into, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell fresh nothing gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.
Lime powder, terra alba: regulate, stablize potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material with chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, makes Pleurotus geesteranus planting material.Compared with wood dust culture material, its advantage is: one is that the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, and oyster mushroom pieces growth is vigorous, purseful time shorten; Two is chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, by sunlight exposure, pile up ageing and biological fermentation process, both poisonous bacteriostatics had been eliminated, macromolecular substance is made again to degrade, be conducive to the absorption of oyster mushroom pieces, facilitate the formation of fruit body primordium, make effective mushroom increasing number, output increased 20%-30%; Three is widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduces production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 18%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. material is shone: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, carry out prewet (fully drenched) with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Plastics stopper, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by planting material, and then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 24d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 25%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 15%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus geesteranus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 12%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, sucrose 1%.
From following table, the chestnut branch bits of all modes, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits planting material mycelia purseful number of days shorten 5d-6d than control group, and its biological efficiency all exceedes control level, output increased 20%-30%.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of Pleurotus geesteranus output
Claims (1)
1. the making method of a Pleurotus geesteranus planting material, it is characterized in that: described planting material is containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 30%, bud shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 12%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 2%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described chestnut branch bits, chestnut shell bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dry and are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year; The particle that described luxuriant shell bits are below particle diameter 3mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year; The wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat; The making method of described planting material is:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, prewet with 2% lime aqueous solution thereafter, make it fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then turning is carried out, and turning every day later once, adds cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, terra alba auxiliary material, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow when third time turning, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employing specification is 17cm × 35cm × 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, and every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insert plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, when after discharge cold air, when kettle temperature reaches 100 DEG C, keep 10h-12h, then naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C;
After made planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature controls at 22 DEG C-24 DEG C, humid control at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 24d-25d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN104671995A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-06-03 | 梁晓 | Phoenix mushroom culture medium |
| CN104584875A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
| CN104584872A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus geesteranus cultivating method |
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| CN102283013B (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-01-23 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for culturing high-quality pleurotus geesteranus by using waste pleurotus eryngii residue |
| CN102964151B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-10-22 | 芜湖野树林生物科技有限公司 | Pleurotus geesteranus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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