CN103408368B - Compatibility and manufacturing method of Hericium erinaceus cultivation material - Google Patents
Compatibility and manufacturing method of Hericium erinaceus cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103408368B CN103408368B CN201310349936.0A CN201310349936A CN103408368B CN 103408368 B CN103408368 B CN 103408368B CN 201310349936 A CN201310349936 A CN 201310349936A CN 103408368 B CN103408368 B CN 103408368B
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Abstract
The invention provides a Hericium erinaceus cultivation material, which is characterized by comprising main raw materials of chestnut branch sawdust, bud shell shreds and chestnut shell shreds, and accessory materials of cob, wheat bran, soybean meal and gesso; the pH value of the cultivation material is adjusted by potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 5.5-5.7; and the water content of the cultivation material is 63-65%. The invention also comprises a manufacturing method of the cultivation material. Compared with an existing sawdust and cottonseed hull cultivation material, the cultivation material provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1, the cultivation material has suitable pH value, realizes vigorous and compact growth of mycelia and shortens time for filling a bottle; 2, the chestnut branch sawdust, bud shell shreds and chestnut shell shreds are subjected to daylight insolation, accumulation aging and biological fermentation to remove poisonous bacteriostatics and degrade macromolecular substances, so as to benefit absorption of the Hericium erinaceus mycelia; 3, the Hericium erinaceus has good fruiting performance, good product properties and high biological efficiency; and 4, the method widens the channels of cultivation raw materials and substantially reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., sporophore is round and thick, is covered with needle-like bacterium thorn, the pole of figure like the head of monkey, so gain the name.The title that Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. has " mountain delicacy ", nutritious, be famous nourishing body-strengening food, also there is higher pharmaceutical use simultaneously, have very high curative ratio to the tumour of some Digestive tract and inflammation.
Current Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. artificial culture materials are mostly cotton seed hulls, hardwood sawdust etc., along with the fast development of mushroom industry, production-scale expansion, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. produces the problem also facing shortage of raw materials and production cost rising, and therefore each production unit all attaches great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, Chinese Chestnut cultivated area will be 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
Produce Chinese chestnut and in the course of processing, three class wastes can be produced.One is the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, prune the branch Yue Keda 700,000 tons fallen every year, but these branches is not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood from Li Yuan; Two is shells, has another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell having 60kg-90kg, these luxuriant shells, draws materials easily, enormous amount, but done except fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone to rot; Three is chestnut shells, is pericarp and the seed coat of Li Jianguo, and account for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, chestnut shell produces in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise it can be used as waste to process, and has both increased production cost, wastes resource again.
Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Bud shell, containing higher nutritive substance, according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; Chestnut shell, containing the composition such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.These components above, can grow for edible fungi growth and provide required carbon source, nitrogenous source.But these three kinds of materials of chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell also containing the material such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of process comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to eliminating the objectionable impurities affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, the growth of wood rotting fungi is therefore suitable for.
Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has and decomposes xylogen, cellulosic ability.In today that edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) is increasingly short, if chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material of chestnut shell cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., that is not only an Edible Fungi falls this behave, but also is a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility that is main raw material with chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material compatibility, there are following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 15%-25%, bud shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1% is all the quality of dry-matter, and adjusting PH with potassium primary phosphate before sterilizing is 5.5-5.7 (after sterilizing, the PH of planting material is 5.0-5.2).
Chestnut branch is considered to be worth doing: the particle drying, be ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: the particle (prevent luxuriant shell from stinging length and puncture sack) of below the particle diameter 3mm that is exposed to the sun, is ground into, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell is considered to be worth doing: the particle being ground into particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell fresh nothing gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, is deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, for subsequent use.
Wheat bran: the wheat cortex that wheat is separated in processing flour process.
Dregs of beans: be a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extracting bean oil, the main component of dregs of beans is: protein 40%-48%, Methionin 2.5%-3.0%, tryptophane 0.6%-0.7%, methionine(Met) 0.5%-0.7%.
Terra alba: provide calcareous, stablize potential of hydrogen.
Potassium primary phosphate: be agricultural potassium primary phosphate, the aqueous solution is in acid, and the pH value of 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4.6.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, then add water and prewet, make compound fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba are added when third time turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, adjust pH value with potassium primary phosphate, make the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%, PH is 5.5-5.7;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: planting material is loaded 1100ml × 78mmPP culture bottle, stamp and plant bacterium hole, the aperture of planting bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: culture bottle is carried out autoclaving, first keep 100 DEG C of sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 DEG C of autoclaving 1h; Process of cooling is: naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, and culture temperature controls at 20 DEG C-22 DEG C, and humid control is at 60%-75%, and through the cultivation of 21d-23d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention for main raw material with chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, with corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba for auxiliary material, adjusts pH value with potassium primary phosphate, makes Hericium erinaceus culture material.Compared with existing wood chip, cottonseed shell cultivation material, its advantage is: one is that planting material PH is suitable for, and mycelial growth is fine and close, growing way is vigorous, full bottle time shorten; Two is chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, by sunlight exposure, piles up ageing and biological fermentation process, has both eliminated poisonous bacteriostatics, and made again macromolecular substance degrade, and be conducive to the absorption of hericium mycelium; Three is that Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. fruiting performance is good, and commodity property is good, and biological efficiency is higher; Four is widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduces production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 15%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 18%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1% is all the quality of dry-matter, and adjusting PH with potassium primary phosphate before sterilizing is 5.5-5.7.
Making method:
1. material is shone: be exposed to the sun raw material 2d before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, then add water and prewet, make compound fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pats surrounding, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba are added when third time turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, when stopping fermentation, adjust pH value with potassium primary phosphate, make the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%, PH is 5.5-5.7:
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: planting material is loaded 1100ml × 7gmmPP culture bottle, stamp and plant bacterium hole, the aperture of planting bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: culture bottle is carried out autoclaving, first keep 100 DEG C of sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 DEG C of autoclaving 1h; Process of cooling is: naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, and culture temperature controls at 20 DEG C, and humid control is 65%, and through the cultivation of 21d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 20%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 15%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1% is all the quality of dry-matter, and adjusting PH with potassium primary phosphate before sterilizing is 5.5-5.7.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Hericium erinaceus culture material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 25%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 12%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1% is all the quality of dry-matter, and adjusting PH with potassium primary phosphate before sterilizing is 5.5-5.7.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 40%, cotton seed hulls 38%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, lime powder 1%.
From following table: the formula group being major ingredient with chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits of all modes, the full bottle number of days of mycelia shortens 3d-5d than control group, and its biological efficiency reaches 125.7%-131.2%, all exceedes control group level.
The planting material of table different modes is on the impact of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. biological efficiency
Claims (8)
1. a Hericium erinaceus culture material, it is characterized in that containing, for example lower component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 15%-25%, bud shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 12%-18%, corn cob 27%, wheat bran 12%, dregs of beans 5%, terra alba 1% is all the quality of dry-matter, adjusting pH with potassium primary phosphate before sterilizing is 5.5-5.7, and after sterilizing, the pH of planting material is 5.0-5.2.
2. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut branch bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dries and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
3. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the particle that described luxuriant shell bits are below particle diameter 3mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
4. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the particle that described chestnut shell bits are particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be exposed to the sun, pulverize after be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
5. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob is through drying, being ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
6. a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
7. the making method of a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: be exposed to the sun raw material 1d-2d before spice, utilize ultraviolet to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly in the dry state, then add water and prewet, make compound fully drenched;
3. to bank up fermentation: wet feed is piled high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of often piling controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, corn cob, wheat bran, dregs of beans, terra alba auxiliary material is added when third time turning, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, when stopping fermentation, use potassium primary phosphate adjusted to ph, make the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%, pH is 5.5-5.7;
5. bottle, beat and plant bacterium hole: planting material is loaded 1100ml × 78mmPP culture bottle, stamp and plant bacterium hole, the aperture of planting bacterium hole is 16mm, then covers the bottle cap of the ventilative sponge of band;
6. sterilizing, cooling: culture bottle is carried out autoclaving, first keep 100 DEG C of sterilizing 1h, then rise to 121 DEG C of autoclaving 1h; Process of cooling is: naturally cool to less than 25 DEG C.
8. the using method of a kind of Hericium erinaceus culture material according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that access bacterial classification, culturing room's temperature controls at 20 DEG C-22 DEG C, humid control is at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 21d-23d, mycelia covers with bottle, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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| CN103641557B (en) * | 2013-12-08 | 2015-05-27 | 邬金梅 | Method for manufacturing hericium erinaceus culture material from sunflower byproducts |
| CN103947743A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-30 | 济南康众医药科技开发有限公司 | Drying method of hericium erinaceus |
| CN104211494A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-17 | 王方玉 | Hericium erinaceus compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN104557175A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 邬金飞 | Production method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104584869A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Hericium erinaceus cultivation method |
| CN104725120A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725121A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104725122A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-06-24 | 邬方成 | Preparation method of hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104756757A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | Method for planting hericium erinaceus |
| CN104761326A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 邬方成 | A preparing method of a hericium erinaceus cultivation material |
| CN104737784A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-01 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method for hericium erinaceus |
| CN104823704A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-12 | 朱峰 | Cultivation method of monkey head mushrooms |
| CN107434730A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-05 | 桂林洁宇环保科技有限责任公司 | A kind of new hericium erinaceus culture material |
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