CN110346453B - Method for rapidly detecting reflection echoes of small defect arrays in concrete structure - Google Patents
Method for rapidly detecting reflection echoes of small defect arrays in concrete structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly detecting a reflection echo with small defect array in a concrete structure, belonging to the technical field of engineering detection. According to the invention, an elastic wave vibration exciter and a plurality of pickup sensors are combined into a small-array detection device according to geometric arrangement, elastic waves are generated through the vibration exciter through the surface of a transient impact structure, the pickup sensors receive elastic waves propagated along a medium, homologous multi-channel elastic wave data are formed by each excitation, and the small-array detection device synchronously moves to obtain a multi-source multi-channel elastic wave data body; the method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out truncation preprocessing and spectrum analysis normalization on homologous multi-channel elastic wave data to obtain a multi-source multi-channel spectrum analysis data body, then carrying out superposition multiplication on heterologous spectrum analysis data covering multiple measuring points to obtain a post-stack spectrum analysis data body, and then carrying out time-course conversion, space position mathematical interpolation and two-dimensional three-dimensional imaging on the post-stack spectrum analysis data body to obtain a detection result. The invention improves the system detection efficiency, reduces the subjective influence of the impact response and improves the detection precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering detection, and relates to a method for quickly detecting a reflection echo with small defect array in a concrete structure.
Background
Concrete is used as a building material which is widely applied for a long time and is used in various engineering projects such as water conservancy and civil engineering, and the quality of the concrete is related to the quality of the whole project, so that the concrete quality detection is particularly important.
The quality of concrete is very important, and the construction of public facilities such as buildings, rail transit, highways and the like is being developed comprehensively at present, so that the construction safety of the buildings, the rail transit, the highways and the like is very important to guarantee. Non-destructive inspection techniques can help assess the stability and integrity of buildings, enable quality status monitoring of their whole or parts, can be used to assess the properties and performance of building materials and structures, and can enable the measurement and localization of water content, defects and damage within them. Therefore, in civil engineering, nondestructive testing techniques play an important role in securing human lives and properties, evaluating and ensuring the safety of buildings, and even in protecting and maintaining precious ancient buildings. The conventional method for detecting the concrete defects comprises the following steps: a core detection method, an electromagnetic wave radar method, an X-ray method, an ultrasonic pair method, an ultrasonic echo method, an impact echo method, and the like. The core drilling detection method is destructive detection, the electromagnetic wave and radar methods are seriously influenced by metal objects such as reinforcing steel bars in concrete, the X-ray method is expensive and not beneficial to general application, the ultrasonic pair detection method needs two detection surfaces, a coupling agent is adhered to the positions of measurement points marked in advance before the test, the detection efficiency is low, and the technologies and the methods cannot meet the actual engineering requirements easily. The nondestructive detection by the ultrasonic echo method and the impact echo method is used as a traditional and novel detection method and applied to the project of detecting the concrete defects, and the main characteristics are as follows:
(1) an ultrasonic echo method: at any point in the space covered by the ultrasonic sound field, there are a primary sound wave (incident sound wave) and a secondary sound wave (reflected wave, refracted sound wave, and transverse wave after mode conversion), and the signal received by the transducer is a superposition of the primary sound wave and the secondary sound wave. The interior of the concrete is analyzed by studying the energy of the reflected echo signals. However, the jumping point of the reflected wave is not easily recognized due to interference of aftershocks of the transducer, surface waves, and the like.
(2) Impact echo method: the method is characterized in that an instantaneous manual or mechanical impact is used for generating stress waves, the stress waves are transmitted into the structure and reflected back by the surface of the defect, the stress waves are reflected back and forth on the surface of the member and the surface of the internal defect to generate transient resonance, and the depth of the internal defect of the structure can be determined by performing time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis on the reflected stress waves. However, the method adopts single-channel collection, the data volume is small, the detection efficiency is low, stress waves generated by manual or mechanical impact are influenced by main objective factors, the detection result has large discreteness and undesirable effect.
Therefore, based on the defects that reflected wave interference is large in jumping point and is not easy to identify in the existing ultrasonic echo method, the problem that single-channel data collection quantity of an impact echo method is small and detection result discreteness is large in the existing ultrasonic echo method, the invention provides a novel detection method for improving measuring point data quantity, covering times and detection efficiency, multi-scale introduction is carried out through a detection device, excitation and surface wave interference is reduced, and the defect echo frequency jumping point identification capacity is improved, so that internal defects of concrete are accurately detected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for rapidly detecting a small-array reflected echo of a defect in a concrete structure, which changes the problems of low detection efficiency and small data amount of a single-channel observation system by using a "small-array" rapid detection mode and a data processing method, reduces the subjective influence of an impulse response, and improves the detection accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for quickly detecting a reflection echo of a small defect array in a concrete structure specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging and combining an elastic wave vibration exciter and a pickup sensor on the same detection device according to the same geometric dimension, wherein the wave vibration exciter generates elastic waves through transient excitation, the pickup sensor receives elastic waves propagated along a medium, S represents the elastic wave vibration exciter, and R represents the pickup sensor;
s2: the detection device moves on the surface of the concrete structure to be detected, the elastic wave vibration exciter and the pickup sensor synchronously work at the moment, the elastic wave vibration exciter forms homologous multi-channel elastic wave data in each excitation, and the multi-channel elastic wave data bodies are formed in multiple excitations
i is the number of a pickup sensor, j is the excitation number of times of an elastic wave vibration exciter, j is 1,2, … …, n, n is the total number of the excitation numbers of times of the elastic wave vibration exciter, and k is the number of a measuring point;
s3: preprocessing homologous multi-channel elastic wave data in sequence, and performing spectrum analysis normalization to obtain a multi-source multi-channel spectrum analysis data volume;
s4: overlapping and multiplying the different-source spectral analysis data of the multiple covered measuring points to obtain an overlapped spectral analysis data body;
s5: and (4) converting the time course of the post-stack spectral analysis data volume, and performing two-dimensional or three-dimensional imaging through spatial position mathematical interpolation to obtain a detection result.
Further, in step S1, the elastic wave exciters and the pickup sensors are mounted on the detecting device in a number of one-to-many or many-to-one combinations in the same geometrical dimension.
Further, in step S3, the truncation preprocessing is performed on the homologous multi-channel elastic wave data to reduce interference of direct waves, surface waves, and acoustic waves in the homologous multi-channel elastic wave data.
Further, in step S3, the preprocessed homologous multi-channel elastic wave data is sequentially subjected to spectrum analysis and normalization to obtain a multi-source multi-channel spectrum analysis data volume
Wherein FR(f) For the spectral analysis results, X is the spectral transformation and Γ is the normalization.
Further, in step S4, the multiple coverage point heterogeneous spectrum analysis data are overlapped to obtain an overlapped spectrum analysis data volume
Comprises the following steps:
wherein
And (5) obtaining the overlapping result of m times of coverage spectrums of k measuring points, wherein m is the number of coverage of the measuring points, and k is a correction coefficient.
Further, the step S5 includes: first, the post-stack spectrum is analyzed for data volume
Time course conversion
Wherein z is μ V/f, z is the detection depth, μ is the coefficient, and V is the propagation velocity; then the data volume is put
By mathematical interpolation according to the coordinates (x, y) of the measuring points
And then three-dimensional or two-dimensional imaging is carried out to obtain a detection result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with an ultrasonic alignment method, the invention does not need a plurality of detection surfaces; the position of the internal defect can be determined relative to an ultrasonic planimetry method; compared with a geological radar method, the method is not influenced by metal objects such as internal steel bars and the like; compared with the traditional ultrasonic echo method and the traditional impact echo method, the small-array rapid detection mode and the data processing method provided by the invention solve the problems of low detection efficiency and small data volume of a single-channel observation system, reduce the subjective influence of impact response and surface wave interference, improve the identification capability of the frequency jump point of the defect echo, and further improve the detection precision.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the detecting device shown in FIG. 3 (a);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a "small array" detection apparatus in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the detecting device shown in FIG. 3 (a);
FIG. 5 is the homologous multi-channel elastic wave data collected by the detection device shown in FIG. 3 (a);
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the preprocessing of the elastic wave data shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of internal two-dimensional imaging of a detection structure.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for rapidly detecting a reflection echo with a small defect array in a concrete structure includes the following steps:
1) the method comprises the steps that an elastic wave exciter and a plurality of pickup sensors are arranged and combined according to a geometric dimension to form a small-arrangement detection device, the exciter generates elastic waves through transient excitation, the pickup sensors receive the elastic waves propagating along a medium, S is the elastic wave exciter, R is the pickup sensors, the arrangement form shown in the following figure 3 is shown (figure 2 is a specific structure schematic diagram of figure 3(a), figure 4 is a working schematic diagram of the detection device shown in figure 3 (a)), and the number of the exciter and the pickup sensors can be combined in a one-to-many or many-to-one mode according to the thickness and the material of an actual structure to be detected.
2) The detection device moves synchronously, the elastic wave vibration exciter and the pickup sensor work synchronously, the elastic wave vibration exciter forms homologous multi-channel elastic wave data after each excitation, and the multi-source multi-channel elastic wave data bodies are formed by multiple excitations
i is the number of the pickup sensor, j is the excitation number of the times of the elastic wave exciter, j is 1,2, … …, n, n is the total number of the excitation numbers of the times of the elastic wave exciter, and n is 3 in the embodiment; and k is the measuring point number.
3) As shown in fig. 6, preprocessing is performed on the homologous multi-channel elastic wave data shown in fig. 5 in sequence to reduce the influence of interference waves such as direct waves, surface waves, and sound waves.
4) Sequentially carrying out spectrum analysis normalization on the preprocessed homologous multi-channel elastic wave data to obtain a multi-source multi-channel spectrum analysis data volume
Wherein FR(f) For the spectral analysis results, X is the spectral transformation and Γ is the normalization.
5) Overlapping and multiplying heterogeneous spectral analysis data of multiple covered measuring points to obtain an overlapped spectral analysis data volume
Comprises the following steps:
wherein
And (5) obtaining the overlapping result of m times of coverage spectrums of k measuring points, wherein m is the number of coverage of the measuring points, and k is a correction coefficient.
6) Analyzing the data volume by using the post-stack spectrum
Time course conversion
Where z is μ V/f, z is the detection depth, μ is the coefficient, and V is the propagation velocity.
7) Data volume
By mathematical interpolation according to the coordinates (x, y) of the measuring points
Then three-dimensional or two-dimensional formingAs shown in fig. 7, the two-dimensional imaging when y is 0 is performed, and the detection result is obtained.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for quickly detecting a reflection echo with small defect array in a concrete structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: arranging and combining an elastic wave vibration exciter and a pickup sensor on the same detection device according to the same geometric dimension, wherein the vibration exciter generates elastic waves through transient excitation, the pickup sensor receives elastic waves propagated along a medium, S represents the elastic wave vibration exciter, and R represents the pickup sensor;
s2: the detection device moves on the surface of the concrete structure to be detected, the elastic wave vibration exciter and the pickup sensor synchronously work at the moment, the elastic wave vibration exciter forms homologous multi-channel elastic wave data in each excitation, and the multi-channel elastic wave data bodies are formed in multiple excitations
i is the number of the pickup sensor, j is the excitation number of the times of the elastic wave vibration exciter, and j is 1,2, … …, n, n is the total number of the excitation numbers of the times of the elastic wave vibration exciter; k is a measuring point number;
s3: preprocessing homologous multi-channel elastic wave data in sequence, and performing spectrum analysis normalization to obtain a multi-source multi-channel spectrum analysis data volume;
s4: overlapping and multiplying the different-source spectral analysis data of the multiple covered measuring points to obtain an overlapped spectral analysis data body;
s5: time-course conversion is carried out on the post-stack spectral analysis data volume, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional imaging is carried out through space position mathematical interpolation to obtain a detection result;
the step S5 includes: first, the post-stack spectrum is analyzed for data volume
Time course conversion
Wherein z is μ V/f, z is the detection depth, μ is the coefficient, and V is the propagation velocity; then the data volume is put
By mathematical interpolation according to the coordinates (x, y) of the measuring points
And then three-dimensional or two-dimensional imaging is carried out to obtain a detection result.
2. The method for rapidly detecting the reflection echo with small defect array in the concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the elastic wave exciters and the pickup sensors are installed on the detection device in a one-to-many or many-to-one number and arranged and combined according to the same geometric dimension.
3. The method for rapidly detecting the reflection echo with the small defect array in the concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the truncation preprocessing is performed on the homologous multi-channel elastic wave data to reduce the interference of direct waves, surface waves and sound waves in the homologous multi-channel elastic wave data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the preprocessing is performed sequentially to normalize the homogeneous multichannel elastic wave data spectrum analysis to obtain a multisource multichannel spectrum analysis data volume
Wherein FR(f) For the spectral analysis results, X is the spectral transformation and Γ is the normalization.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S4, the multiple coverage points different spectral analysis data are multiplied to obtain a post-stack spectral analysis data volume
Comprises the following steps:
wherein
And (5) obtaining the overlapping result of m times of coverage spectrums of k measuring points, wherein m is the number of coverage of the measuring points, and k is a correction coefficient.
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