CN102823521B - Method for breeding prawn in indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland - Google Patents
Method for breeding prawn in indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823521B CN102823521B CN201110157869.3A CN201110157869A CN102823521B CN 102823521 B CN102823521 B CN 102823521B CN 201110157869 A CN201110157869 A CN 201110157869A CN 102823521 B CN102823521 B CN 102823521B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding prawn in an indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland. In the method, a prawn breeding pond and a constructed wetland are used, and an air pump, an air pipe and an aerator are equipped. The method is characterized in that the prawn breeding pond and the constructed wetland are connected end to end by a pipeline; a plurality of meshes, a feeding and viewing table and the aerator are suspended in the prawn breeding pond; a plastic film is constructed above the wall of the prawn breeding pond; a plurality of salt-resistant wetland plants are planted in the constructed wetland; the constructed wetland is composed of a plurality of constructed wetlands which are connected in series and are planted with different plants; a water collecting pond is arranged on the tail end of the constructed wetland; the water collecting pond pumps water by an submersible pump and reflows the water to the prawn breeding pond; the prawn breeding density is 400-450/square meter; the total feed amount is 3% to 5% of the weight of the prawn every day in the breeding period; the wetland circulation is begun at the tenth day after the prawn shrimps are put, so that the breeding waste water of the prawn breeding pond can be treated; the bottom of the prawn breeding pond is sucked every day from the ninth week after the prawn shrimps are arranged so as to remove excrements; the composite vertical-flow constructed wetlands are subjected to back-flushing for one time for each half month; and the wetland plants are thinned for one time for each 15 to 20 days from the eighth week after the prawn shrimps are put.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, especially the method for the indoor foster shrimp of brackish water artificial swamp.
Background technology
At present, many regional prawn culturings adopt the mode of desalination cultivations, and raiser adopts and adds the method for fresh water that the salinity of breeding water is progressively reduced, finally at fresh water or be tending towards cultivating in the environment of fresh water.Under this aquaculture model, every production 1kg prawn approximately needs the water of 20000L, so the desalination cultivation of prawn has consumed a large amount of freshwater resources.The waste water discharging in breeding process causes fisheries water environment to be polluted simultaneously, and ecotope is destroyed.In addition, cultivation prawn quality is out having and in the water environment of salinity, is cultivating out good at fresh water or in being tending towards the environment of fresh water.
Although conventional circulating water culture system has solved the dependence of breeding production to environment, has reduced the pollution of breeding wastewater to environment.But there is high energy consumption, can produce mud, need the frequent problem of safeguarding in conventional circulating water culture system, and single processing unit can only be processed some pollutant, if want, reach the purification completely to breeding wastewater, several different processing units must be incorporated in a circulation.
Artificial swamp has caused people's extensive concern as a kind of wastewater processing technology in recent years, its mechanism of action combines physics, chemistry and biological triple synergy, shows as the number of ways such as filtration, absorption, precipitation, ion exchange, plant absorption and microbial metabolism.Research shows that this technology can not only effectively remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal and sex pheromone, and investment operating cost is low, and maintenance management is convenient.At present, the wastewater treatment that artificial swamp application is only breeded fish for freshwater low-density, does not support artificial swamp the wastewater treatment of shrimp for the brackish water indoor high-density of salinity 5～15 ‰.
When brackish water becomes a mandarin sea by rivers fresh water and sea water mixing form, coastal river mouth brackish water aboundresources.Therefore utilizing brackish water to replace the fresh water consuming in cultivation is the active demand of shrimp culture industry sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that the object of this invention is to provide brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn.
Technical scheme of the present invention adopts shrimp-cultivation pool, artificial swamp, the oxygen system that outfit is comprised of air pump, tracheae and gas head, it is characterized in that shrimp-cultivation pool is located at indoor, shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp are communicated with from beginning to end with pipeline, more than the height of water 1m between shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp; Linked network sheet in shrimp-cultivation pool, arranges bait observation platform, places gas head in shrimp-cultivation pool, and it is 1～1.5/m that gas head is placed density
2, the plastic film that anti-shrimp jumps out is built in the pool wall top of shrimp-cultivation pool; Plantation salt tolerant wetland plant in artificial swamp, artificial swamp is by the different floristic artificial swamp tandem compounds of a plurality of plantations, and each artificial swamp is only planted a kind of wetland plant; At artificial swamp end, a collecting basin is set, collecting basin is provided with gas head in establishing, and collecting basin adopts miniature immersible pump water lift to be back to shrimp-cultivation pool; Prawn breeding density 400-450 tail/m in shrimp-cultivation pool
2; Bait is with prawn slice, opening material, 0
#-3
#the rotation in due order of prawn manufactured feed, during cultivation every day total throw the abundance of food be shrimp heavy 3%～5%, put and throw something and feed 6 times every day in initial 6 weeks of seedling, put seedling and throw something and feed 4 times every day afterwards for 6 weeks, regularly observe the ingesting of shrimp, active situation every day, according to the situation of ingesting, increase and decrease; The water level 50cm of shrimp-cultivation pool while putting seedling, since the 3rd day every day, added water 10cm, to putting Miao Yizhou, fill it up with, after putting seedling, within the 10th day, start wetland circulation, breeding wastewater to shrimp-cultivation pool is processed, putting seedling after 10 days～in the 6th week, water circulation rate is controlled at 60% every day, and put after seedling after the 6th week～9 week every day, water circulation rate was controlled at 90-100%, put after seedling the 9th week afterwards every day water circulation rate at 130-150%; And use every other day quicklime to keep pH within the scope of 7.5-8.5, put within the 9th week, rise after seedling every day to shrimp-cultivation pool inhale the end once, the composite vertical current artificial wetland of a wetland front end of every two weeks cleaning, regularly fill in addition the water yield of loss; After putting seedling, within the 8th week, start, wetland plant is pruned off, within 15～20 days, prune off once.The prawn individuality of cultivation reaches 11cm starts the prawn in shrimp-cultivation pool to take turns and catch by cage above.
The present invention is that water treatment adopts a plurality of series connection brackish water artificial swamps with respect to the outstanding feature of prior art, foster shrimp brackish water waste water after processing reaches China's fishery water standard, reduce waste water of shrimp breeding discharge, protection water environment, the function with ecological, environmental protective, realizes the sustainable development of shrimp culture industry; Adopt brackish water aquaculture prawn, improve the quality of cultured prawn, saved a large amount of freshwater resources; Indoor high-density cultured prawn, can reach 5-6Kg/m
2output, with respect to traditional pond, support shrimp 0.5-1Kg/m
2output obviously much higher; Produce 1Kg shrimp water in 400-600 rises scope, the water consumption of supporting shrimp 20000L with respect to traditional pond is obviously much lower; Cut off because changing the generation of the shrimp disease that water causes; There is small investment, easy and simple to handle, easy to maintenance, water saving, energy-conservation, low-carbon (LC), the remarkable result that efficient, system operation cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of brackish water composite vertical current artificial wetland.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the compound horizontal flow artificial wetland of brackish water.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the indoor high-density of brackish water combined artificial wetland is supported shrimp facility.
Embodiment
The present invention's (referring to accompanying drawing) shrimp-cultivation pool 15 is located at indoor, the mixed brick structure shrimp-cultivation pool that to adopt 4～6 main body specifications be 12.80m * 3.43m * 1.20m is in parallel, in shrimp-cultivation pool, hanging 2～3 nylon mesh sheets perches for prawn, 2～3 bait observation platforms are set in shrimp-cultivation pool, to observe the situation of ingesting of shrimp, the oxygen system that outfit is comprised of air pump 16, tracheae 17 and gas head, the density of placing gas head in shrimp-cultivation pool is 1～1.5/m
2, with the oxygen that guarantees that prawn is enough; With growing up of prawn individuality, there is spring and cause prawn to jump out outside shrimp-cultivation pool in the easy irriate of prawn, the anti-shrimp of plastic film that can build height 40cm above the pool wall of shrimp-cultivation pool jumps out, and takes a warming canopy and can be used for ventilating or keeping preference temperature above shrimp-cultivation pool; Before putting seedling, shrimp-cultivation pool is first cleaned, sterilized, adopt calcium hypochlorite 20～30ppm full pond band water sterilization to soak 48 hours, and then clean, before use, be dried 2-3 days, allow chlorine residue thoroughly volatilize.
Artificial swamp is the tandem compound of a composite vertical current artificial wetland 11 and a plurality of compound horizontal flow artificial wetlands, and artificial swamp and shrimp-cultivation pool gross area ratio are 1.14: 1; Composite vertical current artificial wetland is divided into downstream wetland and upstream wetland two parts, and centre separates with partition wall 4, the corallite 3 of paving 0.68m thickness in composite vertical current artificial wetland; Compound horizontal flow artificial wetland spreads respectively that to take the diameter that diameter that the diameter of 0.10m thickness is 10-20mm microlith sublayer 7, thickness 0.20m is the large stone layer 8 of 30-50mm, thickness 0.25m be 80-100mm road slag blanket 9 from top to bottom successively; Plantation salt tolerant wetland plant 2 in artificial swamp, as reed, spartina alterniflora loisel ,Hai Mitsubishi, each artificial swamp is only planted a kind of wetland plant, and it is 20 strains/m that wetland plant is initially planted density
2, while finishing to cultivation, plant density surpasses 100 strains/m
2.
Artificial swamp end is built a collecting basin 13, collecting basin is established the interior 2-3 of setting gas head, water after wetland purification is inflated before recycling, to compensate waste water of shrimp breeding by the oxygen of Loss of wetland, increase the dissolved oxygen content of water body, collecting basin adopts miniature immersible pump 14 water lifts to be back to shrimp-cultivation pool.
Shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp are communicated with from beginning to end with pipeline; Shrimp-cultivation pool water enters composite vertical current artificial wetland from composite vertical current artificial wetland water inlet 1, after downstream wetland, upstream wetland by composite vertical current artificial wetland delivery port 5 out, then from horizontal flow artificial wetland water inlet pipe 6, enter compound horizontal flow artificial wetland 12, waste water, after horizontal flow artificial wetland purifies, flows to the collecting basin 13 of wetland end through horizontal flow artificial wetland outlet pipe 10.
Shrimp-cultivation pool water level 50cm when prawn is put in a suitable place to breed, more than the height of water 1m between shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp, shrimp-cultivation pool water arrives artificial swamp by flow by gravity, shrimp-cultivation pool water is that local salinity is 5-15 ‰ estuarine water, before use, preferably through precipitation 48 hours, the strong chlorine decontamination of 0.3ppm, aeration 48 hours, rich water 3-5 days, 150 mesh sieve tulles, filters, after putting seedling, within the 3rd day, start to add every day water 10cm, to putting Miao Yizhou, fill it up with, after putting seedling, within the 10th day, start wetland circulation, breeding wastewater to shrimp-cultivation pool is processed, putting seedling after 10 days～in the 6th week, water circulation rate is controlled at 60% every day, water circulation rate is controlled at 90-100% to put after seedling 6th～9 week every day, after putting seedling, within the 9th week, every day, water circulation rate was also used quicklime to keep pH within the scope of 7.5-8.5 at 130-150% every other day afterwards, after putting seedling, inhale end removing ight soil to shrimp-cultivation pool the 9th week every day, every two weeks recoils and cleans once composite vertical current artificial wetland, to avoid a large amount of shrimp ight soil the space of wetland is stopped up and caused current obstructed, breeding wastewater, after the processing of artificial swamp, major pollutants index clearance can keep more than 60%, and waste water all reaches national fishery cultivating water supply standard after wetland purification.For whole system is cleaned to the water yield of losing because of evaporation, the suction end and recoil, supplement in time, every day, magnitude of recruitment was generally the 1-2% of whole system total Water.
Put seedling generally about June, in shrimp-cultivation pool, water temperature reaches more than 22 ℃; Within every two weeks, the water quality of each culturing pool and the import and export of culturing pool cycle water is detected, and according to detecting data, the cycling rate of every day is adjusted in time.Put shrimp seedling specification in a suitable place to breed at 10mm left and right, breeding density 400-450 tail/m
2; Bait is with prawn slice, opening material, 0
#-3
#the rotation in due order of prawn manufactured feed, the content of prawn manufactured feed crude protein is greater than 41%; During cultivation every day total throw the abundance of food be shrimp heavy 3%～5%, put and throw something and feed 6 times every day in initial 6 weeks of seedling, put seedling and throw something and feed 4 times every day afterwards for 6 weeks, regularly observe the ingesting of shrimp, active situation every day, according to the situation of ingesting, increase and decrease; Every measurement of the prawn of each culturing pool being carried out in two weeks body weight gain, understands prawn growing state, and according to measurement data, the prawn bearing capacity in culturing pool is estimated, then according to estimation, further instructs the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day.
After putting seedling, within the 8th week, start, wetland plant is pruned off, overstocked plant density can cause the stagnant length of wetland plant, in order to keep the vigorous growth of wetland plant, realize power conversion and shift out, as often as possible absorb the nutriment in breeding wastewater, to wetland plant, prune off in time, within 15～20 days, prune off once.
Cultivate after about 95-100 days, more than the fast prawn individuality of growing has reached 11cm, at this moment with regard to starting, the prawn in culturing pool is taken turns and caught, fishing for the prawn of large individuality sells in advance, wheel is caught employing cage, and mesh is adjusted according to the Individual Size of prawn, to cultivation 115-120 head sheave, catches end, last all harvestings, first draw in the net then to do pond.Through the cultivation of 113 days, obtained good culture efficiency.The average specification of results prawn is 20.10g, 11.10cm, results shrimp gross weight 1076.85Kg, and feed coefficient is 1.08, and survival rate is 77.97%, and growth rate is 1.25g/ week, and specific yield is 5.69Kg/m
2, 5.27Kg/m
3.Producing 1Kg shrimp water consumption is 550 liters of left and right.
Claims (5)
1. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn, adopt shrimp-cultivation pool, artificial swamp, the oxygen system that outfit is comprised of air pump, tracheae and gas head, it is characterized in that shrimp-cultivation pool is located at indoor, shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp are communicated with from beginning to end with pipeline, more than the height of water 1m between shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp, shrimp-cultivation pool water level 50cm while putting in a suitable place to breed; Linked network sheet in shrimp-cultivation pool, arranges bait observation platform, places gas head in shrimp-cultivation pool, and it is 1～1.5/m that gas head is placed density
2, the plastic film that anti-shrimp jumps out is built in the pool wall top of shrimp-cultivation pool; Plantation salt tolerant wetland plant in artificial swamp, artificial swamp is by the different floristic artificial swamp tandem compounds of a plurality of plantations, and each artificial swamp is only planted a kind of wetland plant; At artificial swamp end, a collecting basin is set, is provided with gas head in collecting basin, collecting basin adopts miniature immersible pump water lift to be back to shrimp-cultivation pool; Prawn breeding density 400-450 tail/m in shrimp-cultivation pool
2; Bait is with prawn slice, opening material, 0
#-3
#the rotation in due order of prawn manufactured feed, during cultivation every day total throw the abundance of food be shrimp heavy 3%～5%, put and throw something and feed 6 times every day in initial 6 weeks of seedling, put seedling and throw something and feed 4 times every day afterwards for 6 weeks, regularly observe the situation of ingesting of shrimp every day, according to the situation of ingesting, increase and decrease; After putting seedling, within the 3rd day, start to add every day water 10cm, to putting Miao Yizhou, fill it up with, after putting seedling, within the 10th day, start wetland circulation, breeding wastewater to shrimp-cultivation pool is processed, putting seedling after 10 days～in the 6th week, water circulation rate is controlled at 60% every day, put after seedling after the 6th week～9 week every day, water circulation rate was controlled at 90-100%, after putting seedling, within the 9th week, every day, water circulation rate was also used quicklime to keep pH within the scope of 7.5-8.5 at 130-150% every other day afterwards, after putting seedling, inhale at the end the 9th week every day, every two weeks cleans once, regularly fills into the water yield of loss; After putting seedling, within the 8th week, start, wetland plant is pruned off, within 15～20 days, prune off once.
2. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1, before it is characterized in that putting seedling, shrimp-cultivation pool is first cleaned, sterilized, adopt calcium hypochlorite 20～30ppm full pond band water sterilization to soak 48 hours, and then clean, before use, be dried 2～3 days.
3. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that artificial swamp is the tandem compound of a composite vertical current artificial wetland and a plurality of compound horizontal flow artificial wetlands, artificial swamp and shrimp-cultivation pool gross area ratio are 1.14: 1; Composite vertical current artificial wetland is divided into downstream wetland and upstream wetland two parts, and centre separates with partition wall, the corallite of paving 0.68m thickness in composite vertical current artificial wetland; Compound horizontal flow artificial wetland spreads respectively that to take the diameter that diameter that the diameter of 0.10m thickness is 10-20mm microlith sublayer, thickness 0.20m is the large stone layer of 30-50mm and thickness 0.25m be 80-100mm road slag blanket from top to bottom successively.
4. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that shrimp-cultivation pool water is that local salinity is 5-15 ‰ estuarine water, through precipitation 48 hours, the strong chlorine decontamination of 0.3ppm, aeration 48 hours, rich water 3-5 days, 150 mesh sieve tulles, filter.
5. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1, is characterized in that putting seedling water temperature in June shrimp-cultivation pool and reaches more than 22 ℃.
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