CN1499925A - Method of shrimp farming in seawater or brackish water ponds - Google Patents
Method of shrimp farming in seawater or brackish water ponds Download PDFInfo
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- CN1499925A CN1499925A CNA018231411A CN01823141A CN1499925A CN 1499925 A CN1499925 A CN 1499925A CN A018231411 A CNA018231411 A CN A018231411A CN 01823141 A CN01823141 A CN 01823141A CN 1499925 A CN1499925 A CN 1499925A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Accumulation of ammonia and urea in salt water filled ponds of a shrimp farm is effectively prevented by continuously converting them into non-toxic substances (nitrogen, nitrates). The process consists in circulating the aquaculture water of a shrimp rearing pond through an auxiliary reconditioning pond and through an electrolyzer for generating active chlorine by way of electrolysis of chlorides contained in the water; flowing the electrolyzed portion of water into the bulk of water contained in said reconditioning pond and recycling the water from said reconditioning pond back into said shrimp rearing pond, after settling and stabilization, with a residual active clorine ranging grom 0 to 0.1 ppm. Release of pollutants and risk of introducing lethal microorganism together with make-up water is practically eliminated, control of algae overgrowth and turbidity the greatly enhanced and the conditions of shrimp rearing are markedly improved.
Description
Background technology
Culture shrimp is industries of an important and quick growth in many tropic countries in the pond that brackish water and seawater are filled.In Thailand, culture shrimp has become mile ground to increase in the seashore pond that seawater is filled.
The method of freshwater aquiculture development also can apply to brackish water and seawater aquaculture to a great extent, shrimp aquaculture for example, and this is common general knowledge and was reporting in a large amount of scientific literatures.
Document " Waterquality management and aeration in shrimp farming " by American soybean Association and printing of U.S. wheat association and issue, growth and the health of the factor that by Claude E.Boyd cultures influence according to the intensive cultivation pattern of pond Prawn, their prawns, and the influence of adoptable technology and countermeasure provided pertinent and accurate information, thereby is used to control different factors.
In Thailand, traditional shrimp aquaculture industry is based on using isolated rectangle or square pond, and its typical dimensions is about 100 meters * 100 meters, dark 1～1.3 meter.
Introduce juvenile prawn (about 0.2 gram shrimp) in the pond, its quantity is included in every square metre of 50～70 shrimps usually, and with the nursing of granulation food to they grow into the size of about 20～25 gram weight.
The breed phase of this seed shrimp approximately continues 2.5～4 months.
The same with any other aquatic animal, shrimp consumes the oxygen that is dissolved in the water, and must prevent that dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the tank water from dropping to below the safety limit of about 1mg/l, maintains the level of 4mg/l between extremely saturated usually.Conventional machinery device, impeller, blower system wait takes a breath, thereby keeps suitable oxygen amount in tank water.
The input of the biological metabolic activity of normal presence, the metabolism of shrimp also is created in the ammonia of accumulating in the tank water in coming comfortable pond.Shrimp also produces metabolic accessory substance urea.
Ammonia (the NH of ammonia, particularly nonionicization
3), and the urea prawn is poisonous.Even dissolved oxygen is enough to support more intensive breed, but the mechanism that ammonia is accumulated has limited high breed speed, and become the key constraints of productivity ratio in the pond.
If the concentration of ammonia and urea does not remain on below every liter of a few tenths of gram, shrimp will begin anxiety, and they stop feed and become catching easily and final death.
At present, the accumulating and change into nitrite naturally and become harmless nitrate thus and form corresponding of ammonia and urea in the pond.Several microorganisms that usually exist in the pond are with ammonia and the same poisonous nitrite with ammonia urea changes into prawn, but other naturally occurring biological physical efficiency in tank water finally changes into the nontoxic nitrate of prawn with nitrite.
Unfortunately, the natural biological process of this ammonia and urea degraded is quite slow, and very not enough so that its concentration remains on safely below the limit, particularly in the intensive cultivation pattern of implementing shrimp aquaculture of maintenance shrimp health.
In order to control ammonia and urea concentration, unique countermeasure of taking is with tank water and the fresh seawater exchange of directly taking from the ocean.This measure has huge bad shortcoming:
-it brings the fresh seawater in taking from the ocean to introduce deadly virus, thereby causes the danger of the infectious disease phenomenon that may kill all shrimps usually;
-seawater is subjected to a large amount of pollutant inputs, this is in that the intensive coastline district of living in concentrated communities is especially tangible along the shrimp aquaculture pond, although and water that returns and exchange of seawater, the soil in pond becomes load gradually ammonia and urea, is unsuitable for supporting further shrimp aquaculture industry so that become irreparably.
Because these pollutants gradually but influence irretrievablely productivity ratio to order about shrimp the culturist leave the still degree of unpolluted seashore, abandoned fully so previous dense distribution the long shoreland that stretches of shrimp aquaculture field.
On average, the shrimp aquaculture field of Thailand has just been abandoned after producing about 5～7 years.Now, Thailand shrimp aquaculture place over half has been abandoned.
Certainly, more and more newer position is suffering the deterioration process of this irreversible basically (from the viewpoint of economy).
Summary of the invention
Now, had been found that and to have overcome running down of newly-built shrimp aquaculture pond, thereby what cause that pond soil can not cultivate economically again poisons and causes it finally abandons this effective ways and shrimp aquaculture field efficiently of unsolved problem so far, and this also is a target of the present invention.
Have been found that ammonia and urea, and other for example in the water of shrimp aquaculture pond sulphide have accumulating of toxic byproduct to change into it basically on the spot continuously by mode with economy the method for non-toxic compound stops effectively.
Prevent that the ability that ammonia and urea are accumulated from making construction support to produce with the economy return level of productivity ratio for a long time in the soil of pond.
The seawater pollution of seashore and waste have been reduced to a great extent.
Has known strong insecticidal properties although have been found that active chlorine, this characteristic makes its qualified lethal (micidial) poison that becomes living body biological such as shrimp, but it also can effectively and safely be used for accessory substance ammonia, urea, sulphide and other amino compound are changed into nontoxic and free of contamination basically compound continuously.
From following explanation, can obviously find out use to flow through the part aquaculture seawater of electrolytic cell or brackish water and active chlorine that original position produces has other positive impact, for example provide the bactericide that is used for controlling most important person's excessive increase of algae, muddiness and excessive bacterium and/or breeding of easy regulation and control to originate by the electrolysis original position.
According to the present invention, the method of culture shrimp may further comprise the steps in seawater or brackish water filling pond: by pumping into the shrimp aquaculture pond from the water of processing again in described auxiliary pond, the water that collection is overflowed from the shrimp aquaculture pond enters described water and handles auxiliary pond or opposite method again, makes aquaculture water circulation in shrimp aquaculture pond by handling auxiliary pond again; The water of treatment pond filtration fraction flows through electrolytic cell again, thereby produces the active chlorine that is dissolved in wherein by chloride contained in the brine electrolysis; Before in being back to the big water gaging of treatment pond, allow water sedimentation in cistern of electrolysis section again, and finally after stable water in the described treatment pond again is recirculated into the shrimp aquaculture pond, water is substantially free of active chlorine or is no more than 0.5ppm in some cases.
Essential characteristic of the present invention is to use secondary (or auxiliary) treatment pond again along one or more shrimp aquacultures pond.
Therefore, except hardware and instrument expense, this expense of handling auxiliary pond again that provides also is provided in investment, treatment pond has enough water capacities again, normally with the amount of the same order of magnitude in shrimp aquaculture pond, but shown that investment can be by productivity ratio and the compensation fast that improves, and reduced because the generations of the shrimp accidental loss that the chance development of the condition that causes death during culturing the pond is caused, and prolonged the running life of plant's facility from long-range viewpoint is a large amount of.
Be purchased microcide processing compound such as chlorine (Cl
2) and hypochlorite (ClO
-) with the active chlorine that directly produces by seawater or brackish water electrolysis between relevant very big difference, and believe and recall some the present invention is useful for complete understanding about notion.
Term
Word chlorine, active chlorine, free chlorine, hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid are unsuitable academicly, but are generally used for describing " oxidability " of given seawater sample.Gaseous chlorine, and the hypochlorite that is purchased immediately with any oxidable compound or element reaction, produces other compound in adding seawater the time.Even chlorine and hypochlorite itself do not produce other oxidized compound fully, these oxidized compounds still are called traditionally or are thought active chlorine composition in the water sample.
When between direct current is being dipped in two electrodes of seawater or brackish water, flowing through, the electrochemical reaction below taking place:
At anodal (anode)
Form chlorine according to main reaction at electrode surface:
Chlorine is soluble gas and keeps dissolving fully in water.
One important (occurring together) reaction that takes place at anode is to emit oxygen:
In the seawater, the salinity of sodium chloride be 15～35ppt (=g/l) and pH be 8, this reaction that occurs together provides about 5～15% total current.Seawater dilutes manyly more, and the reaction that occurs together is competitive more, and (half of anode reaction is provided during=g/l) salinity, this means that the faradic efficiency that chlorine produces drops to about 50% at several ppt.
When using the brackish water of low especially salinity, must use the titanium anode that has iridium base coating to replace the titanium anode of more commonly used and more cheap ruthenium-oxide coating.Electrode can continue the continuous running more than 2 years when full speed production capacity.Certainly, discontinuous use or lower exploitation speed can prolong their life-span pro rata.
At negative pole (negative electrode)
According to reaction, the water reduction produces hydrogen and hydroxyl ion:
Hydrogen is insoluble and separates usually and discharge in the position of safety.Small quantity of hydrogen can be retained in the seawater stream and can not cause problem, because they will freely escape in the air.Suggestion is not wanted smoking or is carried naked light near the outlet of chlorination water.
The relevant reaction that occurs together that takes place at negative electrode is the reduction of hypochlorous acid (so-called hypochlorite):
This reaction will reduce the efficient of process.This reaction rate concentration direct and hypochlorous acid HClO (active chlorine or common hypochlorite) is proportional.For up to 2, the concentration of 000ppm (2g/l), the rate of reduction of hypochlorous acid (hypochlorite) is very limited, it can be 5% of total current.In the scope of 5～8g/l, the hypochlorite of any further generation will be reduced at negative electrode for the concentration of hypochlorite.Importantly be in the speed that the concentration of electrolytic cell outlet always is lower than 2g/l seawater to be passed through electrolytic cell to be enough to keep active chlorine.The chemical reaction that takes place in the electrolyte
Chemical reaction below the hydroxyl ion that chlorine that anode produces and negative electrode produce is easy to take place in the water that two interpolars at electrolytic cell flow:
The oxidability of water after active chlorine that hypochlorous acid (HClO) expression is actual and the responsible electrolysis.HClO is according to following reaction decomposes:
HClO is a strong oxidizer, and ClO
-It is gentle oxidant (low 10 times approximately of intensity).Under the alkaline pH condition, HClO is decomposed fully.Under the operating condition of seawater or brackish water, it only has slightly decomposes.
This just can distinguish chlorination water that is obtained by the direct electrolysis of water sample and the character that adds the water that is purchased hypochlorite and obtains.Be purchased that hypochlorite is decomposed fully and stable, thereby allow transportation and stock and can not decompose.The most frequently used stabilizing agent is caustic soda and slaked lime, caustic soda and hypochlorite reaction formation clorox [
], slaked lime formation calcium hypochlorite [
]。Being purchased hypochlorite is very weak to the oxidation of organic material, ammonia and amine.The middle chloride that forms with ammonia and amine is quite stable and long-standing, and is as described below.
On the contrary, the active chlorine [HClO] that is produced by direct electrolytic seawater or brackish water " original position " is very unsettled, and it resolves into chlorion and active oxygen radical (active oxygen) easily
The decomposition behavior of the active chlorine that is produced in water by direct electrolysis is similar to the behavior of ozone:
Oxygen radical becomes the activating agent of oxidizing process.It is easy to any organic substance oxidation and resolves into carbonic acid gas and water, and particularly it can be effectively reacts with the amine of ammonia, urea and gained, finally is broken down into nitrogen and nitrate according to following reaction
Then, formed nitrate is easy to be reduced into nitrogen at the negative electrode place of electrolytic cell.
With amine similar reaction takes place to urea, and end-product is nitrogen and is the nontoxic many nitrogen-containing compounds of inertia and prawn basically.
Comparatively speaking, this effective degraded of ammonia can't take place with stable commercial hypochlorite, thereby produces relatively stable and long-standing ammonium chloride in water.
Have been found that by using enough capacity, normally with the auxiliary pond of the same order of magnitude amount in shrimp aquaculture pond, after having removed contained accessory substance ammonia and urea by electrolysis section water according to said process, wait to be recirculated into the amount of the residual activity chlorine in the shrimp aquaculture pond in the stable and control water, can guarantee the shrimp aquaculture of safety and high yield especially for a long time and the production pond is not needed expensive transformation intervention.
Preferably, in auxiliary pond, the storage cistern of part capacity (usually about 1/10th) realized by this storage cistern of suitable division, and the water section that flow into electrolytic cell is drawn out of and enters in the storage cistern that the water after the electrolysis will return.
Existing in of this sedimentation storage cistern made things convenient for the control of comprehensively handling again to a great extent, and this will describe in the back in more detail.
Most preferably, sedimentation storage cistern and the auxiliary water function of treatment pond again can substitute realization by the efficient layout in auxiliary pond, this layout realizes easily that with the form of the narrow relatively E type passage that plays the effect of two shrimp aquaculture ponds this will describe in the back in more detail.
In any case auxiliary water treatment pond more directly absorbs water (handling without any desinsection) and enters the storage cistern that the danger that brings in the shrimp aquaculture pond provides buffering for eliminating from seawater.
Explanation by following preferred embodiment and during with reference to the experimental shrimp aquaculture of actual size field constructed in accordance and explanation in the accompanying drawings, it is more obvious that different aspect that the present invention obtains and advantage will become.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the function distribution of shrimp aquaculture field constructed in accordance.
Fig. 2 is the functional diagram at chlorination station.
Fig. 3 represents water is recirculated into the preferred arrangements of the air lift pump in shrimp pond.
Fig. 4 represents the gas lift pump structure.
Fig. 5 represents the E pattern blocking layout of unit, preferred shrimp aquaculture field.
Fig. 6 represents may expand layout by what a collection of modularization plant unit constituted.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, be used to show that the plant of the experimental actual size of feasibility of the present invention and validity comprises the about 2500m of volume
3Shrimp aquaculture pond 1.Handle auxiliary pond 2 again and have the size same with the shrimp aquaculture pond.Certainly, it is immobilising relatively, in fact auxiliary pond 2 can less than or greater than the shrimp aquaculture pond.
Be provided with according to experiment, water between two ponds exchanges following arrangement: from auxiliary pond 2 water is pumped into shrimp aquaculture pond 1 with one group of air lift pump 9, enter auxiliary pond and collect the water that overflows from the shrimp aquaculture pond through siphon pipe 10, siphon pipe is soaked in water simply and is embedded in the soil on bank, two ponds, thereby discharges the water that overflows at nearest auxiliary Chi3Chu.Suitably siphon pipe 10 inlets 11 of equipment filter screen just place at the bottom of the pond and about the central authorities in shrimp aquaculture pond 1, it can easily manually move to the central authorities in about shrimp aquaculture pond 2.
The opposite scheme of water exchange between two ponds is preferably taked in this arrangement, because the water level in the shrimp aquaculture pond 1 is raise by the water from auxiliary pond 2 blowbacks, and preferably around the central authorities of pond, induce the soil (describing in the back) of sedimentation to be drawn into auxiliary pond with the current that flow out largely.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the outflow water of collection at first flows through the buffering storage cistern 3 of part capacity, arrive in the big water gaging of auxiliary pond 2 remaining parts then before.Storage cistern 3 can be realized by dividing wall 3a is installed in auxiliary pond 2.
Collect water inlet point places farthest at distance storage cistern 3, can equip adjustable overflow mechanism 3b, by overflow mechanism, water finally flows out, and with auxiliary pond 2 remaining parts in a large amount of hydrations also.
The function division figure of chlorination station EC describes in Fig. 2.The Xiao Chi of chlorinator pond or 4 six series connection of electrolytic cell forms, and each Xiao Chi is made of the electrode slice of six 100mm * 300mm, and the electrode slice of seven the identical sizes that intermeshing.The surface area of each battery lead plate is 0.03m
2(considering the both sides of plate), total electrode surface is 0.18m
2
By electrolytic cell being applied the direct current of 20A, produce the active chlorine of 120g/h; Productive rate is about 180g/h when 30A, and when 100A productive rate near 600g/h.Correspondingly, the active chlorine concentrations of measuring in the electrolytic cell exit is respectively 0.15,0.22 and 0.75g/l.
Usually, as shown in Figure 2, chlorination station EC comprises step-down piezoelectric transformer, rectifying jar and the control circuit that is included in the electric cabinet 7, and is used for monitoring and controls hydraulic means by electrolytic cell 4 current.Certainly, plant can comprise that being used for periodically cleaning electrode (negative electrode typically) goes up the oxide of deposition and remove coagulative independent hydraulically controlled loop (not shown) with the cleaning agent of rare HCl or equivalent.
Rated output in order to obtain wanting from the difference source can be purchased the complete self-contained chlorination station of having equipped whole instrument and equipments and control device.In experimental plant, can use chlorination station satisfactorily with 500g/h chlorine nominal production capacity.
The current of electrolysis discharge in the water of pond 2 restricted parts 3, restricted part 3 is limited by the dividing wall 3a that places along one side of auxiliary pond 2 peripheries, thereby form settling tank or buffering storage cistern 3, get current, the pump 5 and 6 that can not have in the entry wherein is installed by electrolytic cell 4 for pump.
The storage cistern 3 that the water in shrimp pond 1 at first flows through is not strict the needs, but very preferably should provide the aquaculture water of interim isolation, the killed planktonic algae of wherein leaving over and other suspension can be deposited to the bottom of this storage cistern, finally regularly removed, and helped thoroughly to control the level of active chlorine.
Flow through storage cistern 3 made things convenient for to a great extent chlorination stage by the big water gaging that kills settling tank fully and isolate in contained algae and algae is controlled.
In fact, although whole process may be implemented with continuous pattern, implement chlorination stage off and on usually more easily.Chlorination stage (for example continuing seldom several hrs) in these finite durations, even can stop the water pump in auxiliary pond 2 is got back in the shrimp pond 1, and activation chlorination station EC, pump is got the water body of isolating relatively in the storage cistern 3, by electrolytic cell, and therefore the active chlorine of amount of plan is injected the water body that storage cistern 3 is isolated relatively.
In case new chlorination stage stops, need provide certain hour (common 6～24 hours) for the bottom that suspension (algae that kills etc.) is deposited to storage cistern 3, after this, can restart that water pumped into the shrimp pond and the water that restarts to flow flows in the big water gaging in auxiliary pond 2 the chlorination water in the storage cistern 3.
Occasionally, in the settling tank 3 of isolating, also can implement substantial sterilization when needed safely, even by promoting overflow mechanism 3b simply separating the water in the storage cistern 3 fully temporarily temporarily, culture in the pond and need not stop water pump being returned in order to eliminate excessive bacterium.
When in storage cistern 3 water bodys quite the active chlorine of high concentration arrive water again in the contained big water gaging of treatment pond 2 time, active chlorine be dispersed in the water of greater amount volume and the accessory substance ammonia that exists in continuation and the water and urea generation according to the reaction of following reaction equation:
And intermediate product is changed into nitrogen and nitrate, and react, for example sulphide and organic substance with any other oxidable compound.
The auxiliary water this volume of treatment pond 2 is again pointed out out the equal retention time of level of a day or many days.The active chlorine of input finally consumes by above-mentioned oxidation reaction, oxidation reaction also is exposed to the stimulation under the sunshine by day, and the active chlorine residual concentration one group of water recirculation pump 9 suction district is stabilized in the scope of 0.05～0.1ppm, and verified this level is to be fit to fully for the shrimp that lives in first pond 1.
The monitoring of the residual activity level of chlorine near water water recirculation pump 9 suction points is subjected to the influence of suitable instrument, and this schematically shows with RCC in Fig. 1.
In experimental plant, the portable chlorine photometer that uses WPA Catalogue No.HC 6000 to make is controlled the amount of the residual activity chlorine near the water of water recirculation pump 9 suction points.
Each air lift pump can have structure as shown in Figure 4.
Electric blower 13 drives air in bubbler 16 by distributing pipe 14 (as shown in Figure 3) and by soaking pipe 15, bubbler is assemblied in venturi (Venturi) the type bottom suction inlet 17 of the vertical water pipe 18 that has exit bend 19, and the exit portion ground of exit bend stretches out on the horizontal plane in shrimp aquaculture pond.
For sufficient ambient oxygen input is provided in the water in shrimp aquaculture pond 2, use the different air lift pumps of arranging 12 to replace air bubbler commonly used to keep the dissolved oxygen of enough high concentrations, thereby help to dissolve the ambient oxygen in the water with air bubbler major function.
The different air lift pumps of arranging are suitably settled along the periphery in shrimp aquaculture pond 1, thereby can advantageously develop the slow shuttling movement that promotes water in the pond, and this point is schematically described in the partial plan of Fig. 3.Near also therefore the enhancing by the flow export of siphon pipe 10 of central authorities that this mode helps suspension mainly to be deposited in the pond constantly removed sediment from the shrimp pond.
Embodiment
The appreciation condition of experimental shrimp aquaculture field is as follows.
The volume in shrimp pond is about 2500m
3
With the exchange of the water in auxiliary pond 2 with every day about 500 cubic metres speed carry out.In fact, water is exchanged fully in about 5 days time.
The electrolytic cell 4 at electricity chlorination station has structure described above.The flow velocity that filtration and pump are taken out by the water of electrolytic cell is approximately 800l/h.
Depend on the actual electric current that applies by electrolytic cell, the concentration of the active chlorine in electrolytic cell 4 exits is generally in the scope of 0.15～0.75g/l.
Be on the every day of 500 cubic metres the basis overflowing the level that shrimp aquaculture pond 1 enters storage cistern 3 near-ends, add the active chlorine of 3-4 kilogram every day.The concentration of active chlorine changes in the scope of 1～3ppm greatly near the distal-most end of storage cistern 3, overfall 3b and in the water of place, upper reaches monitoring.
Based on the volume in pond, the content of active chlorine should be included between 5 to 8ppm, but active chlorine and ammonia, urea, sulphite and other organic substance fast reaction, and the residual quantity that makes active chlorine in every part of water sample reduces gradually with the length of storage cistern 3.
Flow into the auxiliary waters prevailing condition that residual ammonia, urea and other organic substance continues reaction and daylight in mixing, active chlorine and pond 2 water of the water the big water gagings of treatment pond 2 remaining parts again from storage cistern 3 and determined the concentration of the residual activity chlorine of stable state in the water sample, near the value that this concentration is measured the air lift pump pump orifice in auxiliary pond 2 is from 0.00～0.1ppm.
After between one month on-stream period of the present invention's experimental plant running, the concentration of ammonia is the healthy intact of 0.005ppm and shrimp.
The contrast parallel laboratory test is carried out in the traditional shrimp field under the present invention experimental shrimp field and contrast condition.
Tradition shrimp field has only a pond, and (50 * 55 * 1.3m) form, and use two and have five impellers that are used for oxygenating water, the 5HP motor driven of each impeller constant by keeping in operation (except to the shrimp feeding time).Total specified installation power is 11HP, and actual total absorbed power is 7HP.
Experimental shrimp of the present invention field use two ponds, each pond have with legacy system in the identical size in single pond.A fan blower by the 3HP motor driven turn round continuously (when giving the shrimp feeding).Total absorbed power is 2.8HP.The power consumption at electricity chlorination station is 600W, corresponding to about 0.8HP.
Total absorbed power is 3.6HP.
Output
In the pond of-tradition running, produce 4 kilograms shrimp in during 4 months, consumption 7HP;
In-experimental shrimp of the present invention the field, produce 800 kilograms shrimp in during identical 4 months, power consumption only is 3.6HP.
In the pond of tradition running, the concentration of ammonia is in the scope of 0.1～0.68ppm, and the concentration of nitrate is in the scope of 0.5～1.7ppm, and suspended solid is in the scope of 220～300ppm.
In experimental shrimp of the present invention field, the concentration of ammonia is in the scope of 0.0～0.01ppm in the shrimp aquaculture pond, and the concentration of nitrate is in the scope of 0.01～0.03ppm, and suspended solid is in the scope of 100～150ppm.
In fact, auxiliary water again treatment pond and finally be limited to the coordination function of sedimentation storage cistern wherein can be most preferably by following auxiliary water again treatment pond 2 (seeing Fig. 5 and 6) realize: treatment pond has functional efficient layout again, bear narrow relatively E type passage 2C, 2D, 2A and 2B again, be used in the E type again between three arm 2A, 2C and the 2B of treatment pond and two different shrimp aquaculture pond 1A and 1B of column-generation.It shown in Fig. 5 this outstanding efficient layout.
According to this preferred embodiment of the present invention, basic (modular) plant unit can comprise two different shrimp aquaculture pond 1A and 1B easily, and auxiliary water with E type layout treatment pond 2 again, its three arms are respectively 2A, 2B, 2C, and interconnective main part 2D in fact to increase by two be foursquare shrimp aquaculture pond 1A and 1B basically.
Flow arrow a and b have described the circulation of water in shrimp pond 1A and shrimp pond 1B respectively.
Can observe water from the central authorities of shrimp pond 1A and shrimp pond 1B separately vicinity by being drawn out of depression flexible hose or the water pipe 10, and flow into auxiliary water treatment pond 2 again in the end of treatment pond 2 center arm 2C again at E type auxiliary water, the therefrom part of filtered water electrolysis and returning with the finite concentration active chlorine of dissolving therein from here in electrolytic cell.
Relative volume like this and flow velocity make the centre gangway in the auxiliary pond 2 of E type or arm 2C in fact play a part the sedimentation storage cistern of describing in the previous embodiment.
Before in the end arriving the end of two side arm 2A in auxiliary pond 2 and 2B, active chlorine concentrations residual in the water stably reduces along with quite long recirculation line, this passage determines by handling arrow a and the b that back water flows again, and the water after handling again from side arm 2A and 2B finally turns back to separately shrimp pond 1A and 1B along this passage.
The total retention time of water in treatment pond 2 again can be two days or more days.
According to the ten minutes embodiment preferred, as shown in Figure 5, unit, shrimp aquaculture of the present invention field can comprise the distribution reservoir of capacity greater than each shrimp aquaculture pond 1A or 1B.
Distribution reservoir has several purposes:
For example, at shrimp growing period in two pond 1A and 1B, owing to evaporation with infiltrate shrimp aquaculture pond 1A and water loss that 1B and E type auxiliary water cause in the soil of treatment pond 2 again can remedy among the center arm 2C of treatment pond 2 by the water in the distribution reservoir being pumped into auxiliary water through electrolytic cell 4 again, thereby in operation pond 1A, 1B and 2, rebulid suitable water level, and need not take a risk to introduce virus and other fatal biology.
The useful function of another of distribution reservoir is the water that maintenance is pumped from the shrimp pond when the shrimp that results grow up to.
Replacement is discharged to water in the environment, and water can pump in the distribution reservoir and be reused for next time and culture.Even this measure can be used for reducing largely pollutant and is released into free water.
Another key character of plant of the present invention particular topology shown in Figure 5 is its " modularity ".
In fact, a module is represented in plant unit shown in Figure 5, and therefore it can also increase production capacity with another identical module combinations.
Fig. 6 schematically shows the total arrangement of the plant that is made up of eight unit as shown in Figure 5, and they are arranged to four sub sections that are equal to, and each is made of two unit modules shown in Figure 5.Can find out obviously that from the layout of Fig. 6 each electrolytic cell 4 can be easily two and put, and be used for when needing water sterilization storage cistern.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of in the pond that seawater or brackish water are filled the method for culture shrimp, it is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
By will from auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A, the water of processing again 2B) pumps into the shrimp aquaculture pond, and (1,1A 1B), and collects from shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, 1B) overflow enter described water handle again auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A, water 2B) or opposite method make shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, aquaculture water circulation 1B) by handle again auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A, 2B);
(1,1A, filtered water 1B) partly flow through electrolytic cell (4), thereby produce the active chlorine that is dissolved in wherein by chloride contained in the brine electrolysis to flow out the shrimp aquaculture pond;
The water of described electrolysis section flow into described treatment pond again (2,2C, 2D, 2A is in the water body that comprises in 2B);
After stable, the water in the described treatment pond again is recirculated into described shrimp aquaculture pond, wherein the limting concentration of the content of residual activity chlorine from 0 to 0.1ppm.
2, method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water of described electrolysis section flow into described second again treatment pond (2,2D, 2A, in the water body that comprises in 2B) before, be allowed to condition at the buffering storage cistern (3,2C) in sedimentation.
3, as the method for claim 1 or 2, wherein said step is implemented in a continuous manner.
4, as the method for claim 1 or 2, wherein said step is intermittently implemented.
5, method as claimed in claim 2, its further feature be comprise induce described shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, the water motion in 1B) impels the suspension solid of deposition to accumulate in the residing specific location of outlet that flows out water described in the pond.
6, the method for one of claim 1-5 as described above, it is characterized in that a plurality of shrimp aquacultures pond (1,1A, 1B) water circulation that will be wherein contained by public treatment pond again (2,2C, 2D, 2A, 2B).
7, method as claimed in claim 6, wherein public storage cistern (3,2C) be limited to described public treatment pond again (2,2D, 2A, 2B) in.
8, a kind of use seawater or brackish water fill the pond (1,1A, shrimp aquaculture field 1B) comprises with electric motor driven being used for promoting aerial oxygen at the device that water dissolves, and it is characterized in that this plant comprises:
At least one capacity and shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, 1B) suitable second water handle again auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A, 2B);
Pump (9), this pump be used for by will from described auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A, the water of processing again 2B) pumps into shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A 1B), and collects from shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, 1B) overflow enter described water handle again auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A, water 2B) or opposite method make the recycle of aquaculture water by described pond;
Electricity chlorination station (EC), comprise be used to make flow out the shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, filtered water 1B) partly flows through the device of electrolytic cell (4), thereby produces the active chlorine that is dissolved in wherein by the electrolytic chlorination thing;
The water that is used for wherein being dissolved with active chlorine through electrolysis section turn back to described water handle again auxiliary pond (2,2C, 2D, 2A comprises the device in the water body in 2B);
Wait to be recirculated into described shrimp aquaculture pond (1,1A, 1B) the described auxiliary pond in (2,2C, 2D, 2A, 2B) monitoring device (RCC) of residual activity chlorinity in the sample of water.
9, plant as claimed in claim 8, the separable water body (3) that it is characterized in that partial volume is sidelong the dividing wall of putting (3a) along described auxiliary pond (2) and is limited in the described auxiliary pond (2);
A flow end of storage cistern (3) of the described buffering that is limited in the described auxiliary pond (2) that siphoning installation (10) will be conveyed into from the water that flow out in described shrimp aquaculture pond (1), and be released in the water body of described auxiliary pond (2) remainder at the water that the overflow mechanism (3b) of the storage cistern other end will contain active chlorine.
10, shrimp aquaculture as claimed in claim 8 field is characterized in that this plant comprises one or more unit, and each unit comprises first (1A) and second (1B) shrimp aquaculture pond;
All-in-one-piece E type auxiliary water again treatment pond (2C, 2D, 2A, 2B), its three arms (2C, 2A, 2B) surround side by side described shrimp aquaculture pond (1A, 1B);
Being used for will be from described shrimp aquaculture pond (1A, B) water of Liu Chuing is conveyed into the described all-in-one-piece auxiliary water siphoning installation (10) of the end of treatment pond center arm (2C) again;
Again the water of Chu Liing be back into each shrimp aquaculture pond (1A, 1B), and from described all-in-one-piece auxiliary water again each side arm of treatment pond (2A, overflow end 2B);
Be used for extracting water, make it flow through described electrolytic cell (4), and be back into the described all-in-one-piece auxiliary water device of the end of the center arm of treatment pond (C) more again from the end of described center arm (2C).
11, as the plant of claim 10, wherein each unit comprises the distribution reservoir of capacity greater than each capacity in described two shrimp aquaculture ponds.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2001/001306 WO2002082895A1 (en) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Method of shrimp farming in seawater or brackish water ponds |
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|---|---|
| CN1499925A true CN1499925A (en) | 2004-05-26 |
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| WO (1) | WO2002082895A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101680100B (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2011-12-07 | 株式会社慧武光·能源开发研究所 | On-site integrated production plant |
| CN102823521A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-12-19 | 上海市水产研究所 | Method for breeding prawn in indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland |
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| WO2006032099A2 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-30 | Bteq Pty Ltd | Aquaculture method and system |
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| CN106614176A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-10 | 防城港市鑫润养殖有限公司 | Method for land-based seawater-circulating sea shrimp farming |
| CN115520954A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-12-27 | 威海海洋职业学院 | Application of microbial fuel cell in growth-promoting culture of prawns |
| CN115520954B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-03-12 | 威海海洋职业学院 | Application of microbial fuel cell in growth-promoting cultivation of prawns |
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| WO2002082895A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
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