CN102198140A - 具有改进的药物代谢动力学特性的药物 - Google Patents

具有改进的药物代谢动力学特性的药物 Download PDF

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CN102198140A
CN102198140A CN2011100785380A CN201110078538A CN102198140A CN 102198140 A CN102198140 A CN 102198140A CN 2011100785380 A CN2011100785380 A CN 2011100785380A CN 201110078538 A CN201110078538 A CN 201110078538A CN 102198140 A CN102198140 A CN 102198140A
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P·瑟诺
R·黑尼格
K·波利
早内丰
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型伐地那非药物制剂,该药物制剂在口腔中快速崩解,提高生物利用度,并引起平台状的血浆浓度变化过程,及其制备方法。

Description

具有改进的药物代谢动力学特性的药物
本案是申请号200680006596.X的分案申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种新型伐地那非药物制剂,该药物制剂在口腔中快速崩解,提高生物利用度,并引起平台状的血浆浓度变化过程,及其制备方法。
背景技术
咪唑并三嗪衍生物,如伐地那非,和它们作为cGMP的磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的用途,以及其活性作用谱是已知的(例如WO99/24433),并可以
Figure BSA00000462921100011
商标购得。但是由于伐地那非大约14%的低的生物利用度,以及其血浆浓度在给药伐地那非一小时后急剧下降,使其治疗应用受到损害。低的生物利用度原则上在不同的个体之间会造成高的血浆浓度变化,此外,必须加大剂量,以达到一定的暴露(Exiposition)。口服伐地那非1小时后出现的血浆浓度的急剧下降会引发随后的治疗效果降低的风险。因此,病人必须准确规划自己的服药时间,以有利于实现高的血浆浓度。
鉴于以上原因,要开发新的伐地那非药物制剂,该伐地那非药物制剂解决以上问题之一。申请US 2003/0134861 A1记载了用于经粘膜给药磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的制剂,如含服药物制剂或舌下片。然而,如对比实施例1至3所示,在经口腔粘膜给药伐地那非的情况下,得到非常难以让人满意的血浆浓度,伴随着有效成分的高变化性的、不完全和缓慢的吸收。
此外,还记载了缓释cGMP磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的药物制剂(WO 00/24383)。这种药物制剂可以解决血浆浓度急剧下降的问题。但是缓释药物制剂体积大且对于一部分病人来说很难吞咽。此外他们无法解决伐地那非的生物利用度低的问题。
此外还记载了在口腔中崩解的cGMP磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的药物制剂。US6221402描述了一种尤其用于抗阳萎的有效成分的药物制剂,该药物制剂中的含有效成分核尤其被不溶于唾液的聚合物覆盖。US 2002/0002172中还记载了一种在口腔中崩解的cGMP磷酸二酯酶抑制剂西地那非的药物制剂,其中含有具有较低水溶性的作为游离碱的有效成分。该种在口腔中崩解的药物制剂具有让病人容易服用的优点,因为该药物制剂在口腔中即已崩解。但是,该种药物制剂既不能提高生物利用度,其血浆浓度也不能保持很长时间。因为病人在短时间后将崩解的药物制剂吞咽下去,而在传统的吞服片剂情况下活性物质到了胃里才开始溶解。因此,在最佳的状况下,会出现和给药传统吞服片剂后相似的生物利用度。
现在在口腔中崩解的伐地那非药物制剂中,令人惊奇地发现,提高了生物利用度,并引起平台状的血浆浓度变化过程。与常规的用水吞咽的片剂相比,根据本发明的制剂具有明显地提高的生物利用度。其中,在一个时间段内实现了更高的血浆浓度,若是常规吞服片剂则在该时间段内已经出现了血浆浓度的下降,比如在达到最大血浆浓度值后的0到5小时内。结果在相同剂量时,在这段时间会达到更好的效果。在给药特别快速崩解和释放的药物制剂几个小时后特别是血浆浓度的提高,会有意想不到的发现,因为通过加快有效成分的崩解可能会出现快速的增长和伐地那非的血浆浓度的更快下降。
附图说明
在给药10mg实施例6的根据本发明制剂(黑色三角)和作为标准片剂(空心圆)的伐地那非后的平均血浆浓度曲线。
发明内容
因此,该发明的主题是含伐地那非的药物制剂,其特征在于,所用的伐地那非形式在少量的水性液体中的溶解度足够高,其在口腔中崩解的溶解速度也足够快。已经发现,当在25℃,至少80%的伐地那非剂量从所用物质形式(例如盐或与酸的混合物)溶解于10毫升生理盐水中时,和当药物制剂的释放率在900毫升的生理盐水中在开始5分钟内至少达到70%时(37℃,USP叶片搅拌设备,50转/分钟),可以确保实现。
本发明的另一方面是,针对本发明制剂的最佳服用方法。通常,经粘膜药物制剂会尽可能长时间和紧密地与粘膜接触,如通过将含有效成分的薄膜粘贴到口腔粘膜上。若病人不愿意这样或这种做法不可行,则一般使用借助一些液体吞服片剂。已经发现,两种做法都会影响伐地那非的可实现生物利用度。与之相反,当病人将根据本发明的药物制剂放在口腔中,等待其在口中崩解,然后将产生的溶液或悬浮液吞下时,可以实现伐地那非生物利用度的提高。因此,本发明的药物制剂要包装在初始包装,如塑料瓶或泡状包装中,并配备标签或包装纸,其中注明上述服用方法。
特别地,为了制备本发明的制剂,含有伐地那非与酸的盐形式的伐地那非。该盐中可以含有溶剂或不含溶剂,并以不同多态形式存在。例如盐酸伐地那非三水合物,伐地那非二甲磺酸盐单水合物或伐地那非单甲磺酸盐。还可以是伐地那非与柠檬酸、酒酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、醋酸、己二酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、戊二酸、甘油磷酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、磷酸、乳糖酸、丙二酸、萘磺酸、萘二磺酸或甲苯磺酸。另外,还可行的是,通过在药物制剂中总地处理伐地那非和酸得到本发明的制剂。在这种情况下,在口腔中崩解的过程中会产生相应的盐。当药物制剂中的伐地那非盐以研磨的、非结晶的或已经溶解的形式容纳时,有利于达到根据本发明的溶解速度。优选的是伐地那非或伐地那非盐以微粉化形式添加,其平均颗粒大小小于20μm。在可以快速在口腔中崩解的药物制剂中,伐地那非或伐地那非盐的含量优选为0.8%到25%(以伐地那非计算)。
伐地那非盐以已知的方式转变成在口腔中快速崩解药物制剂。在口腔中快速崩解的药物制剂意指该药物制剂的崩解时间少于3分钟(根据欧洲药典中的方法),最好是少于1分钟。合适的是,将有效成分和糖、糖醇、崩解剂或其他有助于崩解的物质,以及其他的辅料如表面活性剂,润滑剂、控流剂(Flie βregulierungsmittel)、调味剂、色料或填充物质向混合,并在压片机上压制。这里优选的是使用糖醇,如甘露醇或山梨醇,特别是以40%到99%(基于最终片剂)浓度。另外,伐地那非盐也可以与辅料如糖、糖醇、聚合物或表面活性剂一起溶解或悬浮在水性溶剂中,将该溶液和悬浮液计量添加到泡状碗
Figure BSA00000462921100031
并进行冻干。另外,同样可以将伐地那非盐与辅料如膜形成剂、软化剂、调味剂和色料一同溶解或悬浮在有机溶剂中,并将其加工成膜。用可熔融薄膜制剂也可以在无溶剂的条件下成膜。制备后将该膜切成单次剂量的小块。
具体实施方式
对比实施例1
用于经口腔粘膜给药的药物制剂的盐酸伐地那非的少量和缓慢吸收
将30mg的盐酸伐地那非,54mg的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,6mg的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和9g的蔗糖溶解在约20g水中。借助20%乳酸溶液将pH调节到3.9,再加水至总量33.405g。向十位先证者各舌下施加11.97g该溶液(对应于10mg伐地那非)15分钟。作为对比,以交叉实验方法,给药常见的借助水吞服的片剂,该片剂由下列成分组成:11.852mg的盐酸伐地那非三水合物(对应于10mg伐地那非),105.023mg的微晶纤维素,6.25mg的交联聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,0.625mg的胶体二氧化硅,1.25mg的硬脂酸镁,2.391mg的羟丙甲纤维素,0.797mg的聚乙二醇400,0.653mg的二氧化钛,0.133mg的黄色氧化铁和0.011mg的红色氧化铁。与这种作为基准的标准片剂相比,舌下给药的溶液的相对的生物利用度只有24.6%。
对比实施例2
在经口腔粘膜给药的药物制剂中伐地那非的少量和缓慢吸收将2g的伐地那非,0.1g的棕榈酸维生素C酯,0.5g的α-生育酚和7.8g的氨丁三醇溶解在250g的聚山梨酯20,400g的1,2-丙二醇,250g的96%乙醇,35.8g 1M的盐酸和52.6g的水中。向10位先证者各舌下给药5ml的该溶液(对应于10mg伐地那非)15分钟。在交叉对比中,先证者得到了作为参比的在对比实施例1中所述用水吞服的10mg的伐地那非片剂,该舌下给药溶液的相对生物利用度为18.9%。
对比实施例3
用于经口腔粘膜给药的药物制剂中伐地那非甲磺酸盐的少量和缓慢吸收
向10位先证者各舌下给药这样的片剂15分钟,该片剂由下列组成:2.39mg的伐地那非单甲磺酸盐,0.0986mg的甲磺酸,20mg的甘露醇,2mg的交联羧甲纤维素钠,25.3mg的微晶纤维素,1mg的硬脂酸镁和0.25mg的高分散二氧化硅。该片剂的崩解时间为4分钟。在交叉对比中,向先证者给药作为参比的在对比实施例1中所述的用水吞服的10mg伐地那非。该舌下片剂的规格化相对利用度为43.9%。
对比实施例4
在非根据本发明的在口腔快速崩解的片剂中生物利用度未获提高
向11位先证者各给药在口腔中快速崩解的片剂,该片剂由10.7mg的伐地那非二水合物(对应于10mg的伐地那非),0.484mg的黄色氧化铁,0.066mg的红色氧化铁,1.1mg的杏香料,4.4mg的阿斯巴甜,6.6mg的硬脂酸镁和196.65mg的
Figure BSA00000462921100051
(SPI公司的市售辅料)组成。这种在口腔中快速崩解的片剂是非根据本发明的,因为在25℃和10ml的生理盐水中,只溶解约0.1mg的伐地那非二水合物(对应于给药剂量的大约1%),因此没有满足所用有效成分的溶解度标准。与在对比实施例1中实施的参比片剂进行交叉对比,其相对生物利用度为97.3%。
对比实施例5
在非根据本发明的在口腔快速崩解的片剂中生物利用度未获提高
向11位先证者各给药在口腔中崩解的片剂,该片剂由下列组成:10.7mg的伐地那非二水合物(对应于10mg的伐地那非),5mg的研磨琥珀酸,0.484mg的黄色氧化铁,0.066mg的红色氧化铁,1.1mg的杏香料,4.4mg的阿斯巴甜,6.6mg的硼脂酸镁和191.65mg的
Figure BSA00000462921100052
(SPI公司的市售辅料混合物)。这种在口腔中快速崩解的片剂不是根据本发明的,因为它在37℃在900ml的生理盐水中和在转速为50转/分钟的USP叶片搅拌设备中,5分钟内的有效成分释放率只有40%,因此没有满足本发明的溶解速度标准。与对比实施例1中所实施的参比片剂进行交叉对比,其相对生物利用度为101.8%。
实施例6
根据本发明的在口腔中快速崩解的片剂中生物利用度提高的证实
向12位先证者各给药在口腔中快速崩解的片剂,该片剂由下列组成:11.85mg的盐酸伐地那非三水合物,0.55mg的黄色氧化铁,0.075mg的红色氧化铁,0.75mg的杏香料,0.125mg的新橙皮甙二氢查尔酮,2.50mg的阿斯巴甜,0.625mg的高分散二氧化硅,3.125mg的硬脂酸镁和105.4mg的
Figure BSA00000462921100053
在25℃,所用有效成分在10ml生理盐水中约溶解10.4mg(对应于8.8mg的伐地那非),也即剂量的约88%。在37℃,在900ml的生理盐水中,在转速为50转/分钟的USP叶片搅拌设备中,5分钟内的有效成分释放率为73%。借此,满足了本发明的溶解度标准和溶解速度标准。与实施例1中所述的参比片剂相比,其相对生物利用度达141%。相应的药物代谢动力学参数在表1(附录)中给出,平均血浆浓度的变化过程在图1(附录)中对比给出。
实施例7
根据本发明的在口腔中快速崩解的片剂中生物利用度提高的证实
向11位先证者各给药在口腔中快速崩解的片剂,该片剂由下列组成:5.93mg的盐酸伐地那非三水合物,0.352mg的黄色氧化铁,0.048mg的红色氧化铁,0.48mg的杏香料,0.08mg的新橙皮甙二氢查尔酮,1.60mg的阿斯巴甜,0.40mg的高分散二氧化硅,2mg的硬脂酸镁和69.11mg的
Figure BSA00000462921100061
所用的有效成分在25℃在10ml的生理盐水中约溶解91%。在37℃和在转速为50转/分钟的USP叶片搅拌设备中在900ml的生理盐水中5分钟内的有效成分释放率为78%。从而实现了本发明的溶解度标准和溶解速度标准。作为对比,在交叉方法中,给药常规的用水吞服的片剂,其由成分组成:5.926mg的盐酸伐地那非三水合物(对应于5mg的伐地那非),75.419mg的微晶纤维素,4.35mg的交联聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,0.435mg的胶体二氧化硅,0.87mg的硬脂酸镁,1.664mg的羟丙甲纤维素,0.555mg的聚乙二醇400,0.455mg的二氧化钛,0.092mg的黄色氧化铁和0.007mg的红色氧化铁。与参比片剂相比,其相对生物利用度为149.6%。在给药本发明的片剂直到12小时后,其血浆浓度还高于给药标准片剂的血浆浓度。
实施例8
根据本发明的在口腔中快速崩解的片剂中生物利用度提高的证实
在犁式搅拌器中混合以下成分:697g的微粉化盐酸伐地那非三水合物,500g的色料,该色料是由4.4%黄色氧化铁、0.6%红色氧化铁和95%的
Figure BSA00000462921100062
组成的预混合物,30g的杏香料,5g的新橙皮甙二氢查尔酮,100g的阿斯巴甜和3518g的
Figure BSA00000462921100063
在转鼓混合器(Freifallmischer)中混合该粉末混合物和25g的高分散二氧化硅,再用0.5mm的筛子筛选。该混合物再与125g的硬脂酸镁在转鼓混合器中混合5分钟。将最终的粉末混合物在压片机上压成重170mg,直径8mm,断裂强度约35N的圆形片剂。作为对比,在交叉方法中,给药常规的用水吞服的片剂,其由下列成分组成:23.705mg的盐酸伐地那非三水合物(对应于20mg的伐地那非),141.797mg的微晶纤维素,8.85mg的交联聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,0.885mg的胶体二氧化硅,1.77mg的硬脂酸镁,再用下列涂覆:3.385mg的羟丙甲纤维素,1.128mg的聚乙二醇400,0.925mg的二氧化钛,0.188mg的黄色氧化铁和0.015mg的红色氧化铁。与参比片剂相比,其相对生物利用度为128.2%。
实施例9
下列成分先混合再在轧辊上干燥造粒:18.96kg的盐酸伐地那非三水合物,76.54kg的微晶纤维素,20kg的交联羧甲纤维素和80kg的硅酸钙。这些颗粒与下列成分进一步混合:1kg的高分散二氧化硅,0.5kg的三氯蔗糖(Sucralose),1kg的粉末状橙味香料和2kg的过筛的硬脂酸镁。最终混合物用圆形压片机压制成直径7mm,质量125mg的片剂。
实施例10
混合以下成分:21.4kg的伐地那非二水合物,60kg的研磨琥珀酸,1.1kg的三氯蔗糖和342.1kg的B2,13.2kg的过筛的硬脂酸镁和2.2kg的粉末状橙味香料。该混合物被压制成直径9mm,质量220mg的片剂(对应于10mg伐地那非剂量)。10mg的伐地那非和30mg的琥珀酸在25℃在10ml生理盐水中完全溶解,在37℃在900ml的生理盐水中和在转速为50转/分钟的USP叶片搅拌设备中,5分钟内的片剂溶解率为90%。
表1
伐地那非的药物代谢动力学参数
Figure BSA00000462921100072
tmax为中值(最小值-最大值)
frel为点估计值(90%的置信区间)

Claims (6)

1.一种含有伐地那非的药物制剂,其在口腔中快速崩解,其特征在于:至少80%的伐地那非剂量于25℃从所用物质形式溶解在10毫升生理盐水中,所述药物制剂在USP叶片搅拌设备中以每分钟50转的搅拌速度和37℃的条件下在900毫升生理盐水中在前5分钟内的释放率至少为70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其含有与酸形成的盐形式的伐地那非或者伐地那非和酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药物制剂,其含有盐酸伐地那非或盐酸伐地那非三水合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物制剂,其含有平均颗粒尺寸小于20μm的微粉化形式的盐酸伐地那非或盐酸伐地那非三水合物。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的药物制剂,其含有40%到99%的糖醇。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的药物制剂,其放置在具有位于包装纸、标签或包装盒上的注释的药品包装中,该药物制剂被放入口腔中,并在其崩解后咽下。
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