CN102134451A - 半导体用粘接膜、复合片及使用它们的半导体芯片的制造方法 - Google Patents
半导体用粘接膜、复合片及使用它们的半导体芯片的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102134451A CN102134451A CN2011100401501A CN201110040150A CN102134451A CN 102134451 A CN102134451 A CN 102134451A CN 2011100401501 A CN2011100401501 A CN 2011100401501A CN 201110040150 A CN201110040150 A CN 201110040150A CN 102134451 A CN102134451 A CN 102134451A
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Abstract
Description
本申请是200880009599.8(国际申请号:PCT/JP2008/056360)的分案申请,原申请的申请日为2008年3月31日,原申请的发明名称为半导体用粘接膜、复合片及使用它们的半导体芯片的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体用粘接膜、复合片以及使用了它们的半导体芯片的制造方法。
背景技术
在将半导体芯片安装于支承部件上时,作为粘接半导体芯片和支承部件的管芯焊接(die bonding)材料,以往主要使用银膏(silver paste)。但是,随着半导体芯片的小型化·高性能化以及所使用的支承部件的小型化·精密化,在使用银膏的方法中,存在由于膏剂的渗出、半导体芯片的倾斜引起的引线接合(wire bonding)时的不佳状况的产生之类的问题变得日益明显。为此,近年来逐渐取代银膏而使用粘接膜(半导体用粘接膜)。
作为使用粘接膜获得半导体装置的方式,有单片贴附方式及晶片背面贴附方式。
在单片贴附方式中,从卷轴状的粘接膜中利用切割或冲孔切出单片,将该粘接膜的单片粘接在支承部件。借助粘接于支承部件上的粘接膜,将另外地利用切割工序单片化了的半导体芯片接合在支承部件。其后,根据需要经过引线接合工序、密封工序等得到半导体装置。但是,在单片贴附方式的情况下,由于需要用于将粘接膜以单片切出而粘接于支承部件上的专用的组装装置,因此与使用银膏的方法相比,有制造成本变高的问题。
在晶片背面贴附方式中,首先,在半导体晶片的背面依次贴附粘接膜及切割胶带。此后,将半导体晶片切割而分割为多个半导体芯片,并且将粘接膜随着各个半导体芯片切断。其后,将半导体芯片与层叠于其背面的粘接膜一起捡取(pick-up),借助粘接膜将半导体芯片接合在支承部件。其后,再经过加热、固化、引线接合等工序而得到半导体装置。在晶片背面贴附方式的情况下,不需要用于将粘接膜单片化的组装装置,可以直接使用现有的银膏用组装装置,或者通过附加热盘等将装置的一部分改良而使用。由此,在使用了粘接膜的方法当中,作为能够将制造成本控制得比较低的方法而备受关注。
另一方面,近年来,作为将半导体晶片切割的方法,提出过如下的隐形切割(stealth dicing)方法:通过对半导体晶片照射激光而在半导体晶片内部选择性地形成改质部,并沿着改质部将半导体晶片切断(专利文献1、2)。该方法中,例如,通过拉伸切割胶带而对半导体晶片施加应力,从而沿着改质部将半导体晶片分割为多个半导体芯片。
专利文献1:日本特开2002-192370号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2003-338467号公报
在上述晶片背面贴附方式的情况下,在半导体晶片的切割之时需要将粘接膜也同时地切断。但是,如果利用使用了金刚石刀片的普通的切割方法将半导体晶片及粘接膜同时地切断,就会有在切断后的半导体芯片侧面中产生裂纹(芯片裂纹)、或在切断面中粘接膜形成毛口而产生很多毛刺(burr)的问题。如果存在该芯片裂纹或毛刺,则在捡取半导体芯片之时半导体芯片变得容易断裂,导致产品合格率降低。
所以,为了抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生,本发明人等对如下的方法进行了研究,该方法包括:准备叠层体的工序,将半导体晶片、半导体用粘接膜及切割胶带依次层叠,按照将半导体晶片分割为多个半导体芯片并且将半导体用粘接膜的厚度方向的至少一部分不切断而残留的方式,从半导体晶片侧形成切槽;通过将切割胶带沿着使多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将半导体用粘接膜沿着切槽分割的工序。
然而,在使用以往的半导体用粘接膜并利用上述方法进行切割时,明显会有难以将半导体用粘接膜沿着切槽完全地断开的问题。
另外,期待通过上述隐形切割在某种程度上抑制伴随着切割而产生的芯片裂纹或毛刺。但是,在采用通过激光加工在半导体晶片形成改质部后拉伸切割胶带来切割半导体晶片的方法的情况下,仅利用切割胶带的拉伸很难将半导体用粘接膜完全地断开,显而易见,由此可知得到高合格率的半导体芯片实际上是困难的。
此外,在使用形成了切槽的叠层体的方法或利用隐形切割的方法中,虽然通过在粘接膜中含有大量的填充剂,粘接膜容易断裂,可以在一定程度上抑制毛刺的产生,然而该情况下会有难以在低温下将粘接膜贴附在半导体晶片的问题。为了实现对由半导体晶片的翘曲或各部件的热过程引起的损伤的抑制等,最好能够将粘接膜在尽可能低的温度下贴附在半导体晶片。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于如上所述的情况完成的,其目的在于,提供一种半导体用粘接膜,其能够在低温下贴附在半导体晶片,并可以在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率由半导体晶片得到半导体芯片。另外,本发明的目的还在于,提供一种方法,其使用该半导体用粘接膜,可以在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率由半导体晶片获得半导体芯片。
根据一个方面,本发明涉及一种能够在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片的半导体用粘接膜。本发明的半导体用粘接膜含有聚酰亚胺树脂,可以利用以总体的50质量%以上的比例含有由下述化学式(I)表示的4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐的四羧酸二酐与以总体的30质量%以上的比例含有由下述通式(II)表示的硅氧烷二胺的二胺的反应得到。式(II)中,R表示碳数为1~5的烷基、碳数为1~5的烷氧基、苯基或苯氧基,同一分子中的多个R可以相同或不同,n及m分别独立地表示1~3的整数。
上述本发明的半导体用粘接膜通过采用上述特定的聚酰亚胺树脂,就可以在低温下贴附在半导体晶片,并且在被拉伸时也容易在没有毛刺的情况下完全断开。其结果是,使用该半导体用粘接膜,在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率由半导体晶片得到半导体芯片。
上述聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化温度优选为30℃以上80℃以下。如果玻璃化温度处于该范围内,则在低温下贴附在半导体晶片的操作就会变得特别容易,另外,粘接膜成为在室温下没有粘性或具有适度的粘性的材料,从操作性、处置性的方面考虑也是有利的。
本发明的半导体用粘接膜还可含有热固化性成分及填充剂。该情况下,填充剂的含量相对于该半导体用粘接膜的质量优选小于30质量%。通过将填充剂的含量在一定程度上控制得较低,在低温下贴附在半导体晶片的操作就会变得更为容易,另外,可以进一步抑制回流裂纹(reflow crack)的产生。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及一种具有上述本发明的半导体用粘接膜、层叠于该半导体用粘接膜的一方面侧的切割胶带的复合片。通过使用该复合片,可以用简单的工序更为有效地获得半导体芯片及半导体装置。
如上所述的本发明的半导体用粘接膜或复合片适用于如下所示的本发明的半导体芯片的制造方法中。
本发明的半导体芯片的制造方法具有:准备层叠体的工序,将半导体晶片、上述本发明的半导体用粘接膜以及切割胶带依次层叠,按照将半导体晶片分割为多个半导体芯片,并且将半导体用粘接膜的厚度方向的至少一部分不切断而保留的方式,从半导体晶片侧形成切槽;通过将切割胶带沿着使多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将半导体用粘接膜沿着切槽分割的工序。
本发明的半导体芯片的制造方法也可以具有:准备层叠体的工序,将半导体晶片、上述本发明的半导体用粘接膜以及切割胶带依次层叠,沿着将半导体晶片划分为多个半导体芯片的线利用激光加工在半导体晶片形成改质部;通过将切割胶带沿着使多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将半导体晶片分割为多个半导体芯片并且将半导体用粘接膜沿着改质部分割的工序。
根据上述本发明的制造方法,可以在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率由半导体晶片获得半导体芯片。
根据本发明,可以提供如下的半导体用粘接膜,其能够在低温下贴附在半导体晶片,并且在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率由半导体晶片得到半导体芯片。另外,本发明的半导体用粘接膜在耐热性(高温下的高粘接性及耐回流裂纹性等)以及耐湿可靠性方面也很优异。
根据本发明的制造方法,可以在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率由半导体晶片得到半导体芯片。另外,根据本发明的制造方法,还可以实现半导体装置的加工速度的提高。
附图说明
图1是表示第一实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图2是表示第一实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图3是表示第一实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图4是表示第一实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图5是表示第一实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图6是表示第二实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图7是表示第二实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图8是表示第二实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图9是表示第二实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。
图10是表示半导体装置的一个实施方式的剖面图。
图11是表示半导体用粘接膜的拉伸试验的应力-变形曲线的图。
图12是表示半导体用粘接膜的拉伸试验的应力-变形曲线的图。
图13是表示根据位移量和温度的关系求出玻璃化温度的方法的图。
图14是表示用于进行芯片剥下试验的测定装置的示意图。
其中,1…半导体晶片,1a…改质部,2…半导体用粘接膜,3…切割胶带,4…切割刀片,7…带有布线的基材,8…接合线,9…密封树脂层,10、10a、10b…半导体芯片,20…叠层体,40…切槽,50…分割预定线,100…半导体装置。
具体实施方式
下面,对本发明的优选的实施方式进行详细说明。但是,本发明并不限定于以下的实施方式。
半导体用粘接膜
本实施方式的半导体用粘接膜可以在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片。这里,在将保持为规定的温度的半导体用粘接膜在根据需要进行加压的同时贴附在半导体晶片后,如果半导体用粘接膜被以不从半导体晶片自然剥离的程度固定,则判断为可以贴附。更具体来说,例如半导体用粘接膜与半导体晶片的界面的剥除强度为20N/m以上即可。半导体用粘接膜例如可以使用设定为100℃以下的温度的热轧贴膜机贴附在半导体晶片。剥除强度的测定可以在25℃的气氛中,采用拉伸角度90°、拉伸速度50mm/分钟来进行。例如,可以通过减小填充剂的含量、使用具有低Tg(优选为80℃以下)的聚酰亚胺树脂,来得到能够在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片的半导体用粘接膜。可以将半导体用粘接膜贴附在半导体晶片的温度更优选为95℃以下,进一步优选为90℃以下。
本实施方式的半导体用粘接膜含有具有由下述通式(A)表示的构成单元的聚酰亚胺树脂。聚酰亚胺树脂例如可以利用包含利用四羧酸二酐与二胺的反应生成聚酰胺酸的步骤,和由聚酰胺酸生成聚酰亚胺树脂的步骤的方法来得到。该情况下,式(10)中R1为来源于四羧酸二酐的4价的残基,R2为来源于二胺的二价的残基。
为了获得聚酰亚胺树脂而使用的四羧酸二酐包括由下述化学式(I)表示的4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(以下根据情况称作“ODPA”。)。换言之,聚酰亚胺树脂含有由下述通式(I-A)表示的构成单元。式(I-A)中的R2与式(A)的R2同义。
优选聚酰亚胺树脂的合成中所用的四羧酸二酐中的50质量%以上为ODPA。如果ODPA的比例小于50质量%,则会有粘接膜的耐湿性及断裂性容易降低的倾向。根据相同的观点,ODPA的比例更优选为60质量%以上,进一步优选为70质量%以上。
四羧酸二酐既可以仅含有ODPA,也可以还含有ODPA以外的化合物。作为与ODPA并用的化合物,例如可以举出苯均四酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-联苯四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-联苯四羧酸二酐、2,2-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-双(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、双(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)砜二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚二酐、苯-1,2,3,4-四羧酸二酐、3,4,3’,4’-二苯酮四羧酸二酐、2,3,2’,3’-二苯酮四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-二苯酮四羧酸二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-萘四羧酸二酐、1,4,5,8-萘四羧酸二酐、1,2-(亚乙基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,3-(三亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,4-(四亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,5-(五亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,6-(六亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,7-(七亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,8-(八亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,9-(九亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,10-(十亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,12-(十二亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,16-(十六亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,18-(十八亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸酐)、2,6-二氯萘-1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐、2,7-二氯萘-1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-四氯萘-1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐、菲-1,8,9,10-四羧酸二酐、吡嗪-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、噻吩-2,3,4,5-四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-联苯四羧酸二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)二甲基硅烷二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲基苯基硅烷二酐、双(3,4-二羧基苯基)二苯基硅烷二酐、1,4-双(3,4-二羧基苯基二甲基甲硅烷基)苯二酐、1,3-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二环己烷二酐、对亚苯基双(偏苯三酸酐)、乙烯四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸二酐、十氢化萘-1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐、4,8-二甲基-1,2,3,5,6,7-六氢化萘-1,2,5,6-四羧酸二酐、环戊烷-1,2,3,4-四羧酸二酐、吡咯烷-2,3,4,5-四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、双(外向-二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸酐)砜、双环[2.2.2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、2,2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]六氟丙烷二酐、4,4’-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)二苯基硫醚二酐、1,4-双(2-羟基六氟异丙基)苯双(偏苯三酸酐)、1,3-双(2-羟基六氟异丙基)苯双(偏苯三酸酐)、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸二酐及四氢呋喃-2,3,4,5-四羧酸二酐。它们既可以单独使用,也可以组合使用多种。
为了获得聚酰亚胺树脂而使用的二胺包含由下述通式(II)表示的硅氧烷二胺。换言之,聚酰亚胺树脂含有由下述通式(II-A)表示的构成单元。式(II-A)中的R1、n及m与式(A)的R1、n及m同义。本实施方式的聚酰亚胺树脂经常含有由下述通式(10)表示的构成单元。式(10)的构成单元与式(I-A)的构成单元及式(II-A)的构成单元的任意一种都相当。
上述式中,R表示碳数为1~5的烷基、碳数为1~5的烷氧基、苯基或苯氧基,同一分子中的多个R可以相同或不同,n及m分别独立地表示1~3的整数。R优选为碳数为1~5的烷基,最典型的是甲基。n及m优选为3。
作为式(II)的硅氧烷二胺的具体例,可以举出1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-双(2-氨基乙基)二硅氧烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)二硅氧烷、1,1,3,3-四苯基-1,3-双(2-氨基乙基)二硅氧烷及1,1,3,3-四苯基-1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)二硅氧烷。
优选聚酰亚胺树脂的合成中所用的二胺中的30质量%~100质量%为式(II)的硅氧烷二胺。如果式(II)的硅氧烷二胺的比例小于30质量%,则会有难以获得能够在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片的粘接膜、或难以在将粘接膜拉伸时没有毛刺地断裂的倾向。基于相同的观点,式(II)的硅氧烷二胺的比例更优选为40质量%以上,进一步优选为50质量%以上。
聚酰亚胺树脂的合成中所用的二胺既可以仅含有式(II)的硅氧烷二胺,也可以还含有选自脂肪族二胺、芳香族二胺、以及式(II)的硅氧烷二胺以外的硅氧烷二胺中的至少一种化合物。作为脂肪族二胺,例如可以举出乙二胺、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,5-二氨基戊烷、1,6-二氨基己烷、1,7-二氨基庚烷、1,8-二氨基辛烷、1,9-二氨基壬烷、1,10-二氨基癸烷、以及1,12-二氨基十二烷。作为芳香族二胺,例如可以举出邻苯二胺、间苯二胺、对苯二胺、3,3’-二氨基二苯基醚、3,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、3,3’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,3’-二氨基二苯基二氟甲烷、3,4’-二氨基二苯基二氟甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基二氟甲烷、3,3’-二氨基二苯基砜、3,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、4,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、3,3’-二氨基二苯基硫醚、3,4’-二氨基二苯基硫醚、4,4’-二氨基二苯基硫醚、3,3’-二氨基二苯基酮、3,4’-二氨基二苯基酮、4,4’-二氨基二苯基酮、2,2-双(3-氨基苯基)丙烷、2-(3-氨基苯基)-2-(4’-氨基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(氨基苯基)六氟丙烷、2-(3-氨基苯基)-2-(4’-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷、1,3-双(3-氨基苯氧基)苯、1,4-双(3-氨基苯氧基)苯、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、3,3’-(1,4-亚苯基双(1-甲基亚乙基))联苯胺、3,4’-(1,4-亚苯基双(1-甲基亚乙基))联苯胺、4,4’-(1,4-亚苯基双(1-甲基亚乙基))联苯胺、2,2-双(4-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双(4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基)六氟丙烷、双(4-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯基)硫醚、双(4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基)硫醚、双(4-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯基)砜、以及双(4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基)砜。
能够与式(II)的硅氧烷二胺并用的硅氧烷二胺例如由下述通式(III)表示。式(III)中,Q1及Q2分别独立地表示亚苯基或碳数为1~5的亚烷基(其中,p为1时表示碳数为4~6的亚烷基),Q3、Q4、Q5及Q6分别独立地表示碳数为1~5的烷基、碳数为1~5的烷氧基、苯基或苯氧基,p表示1~50的整数。
作为式(III)的硅氧烷二胺,在p为1时,有1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-双(4-氨基苯基)二硅氧烷、1,1,3,3-四苯氧基-1,3-双(2-氨基乙基)二硅氧烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-双(4-氨基丁基)二硅氧烷、以及1,3-二甲基-1,3-二甲氧基-1,3-双(4-氨基丁基)二硅氧烷,在p为2时,有1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基-1,5-双(4-氨基苯基)三硅氧烷、1,1,5,5-四苯基-3,3-二甲基-1,5-双(3-氨基丙基)三硅氧烷、1,1,5,5-四苯基-3,3-二甲氧基-1,5-双(4-氨基丁基)三硅氧烷、1,1,5,5-四苯基-3,3-二甲氧基-1,5-双(5-氨基戊基)三硅氧烷、1,1,5,5-四甲基-3,3-二甲氧基-1,5-双(2-氨基乙基)三硅氧烷、1,1,5,5-四甲基-3,3-二甲氧基-1,5-双(4-氨基丁基)三硅氧烷、1,1,5,5-四甲基-3,3-二甲氧基-1,5-双(5-氨基戊基)三硅氧烷、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基-1,5-双(3-氨基丙基)三硅氧烷、1,1,3,3,5,5-六乙基-1,5-双(3-氨基丙基)三硅氧烷、1,1,3,3,5,5-六丙基-1,5-双(3-氨基丙基)三硅氧烷,在p为3~50时,有由下述化学式表示的化合物。它们也可以并用2种以上。
从粘接膜的室温下的处置性或粘性强度的合适化的观点考虑,聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化温度优选为30℃以上80℃以下。如果聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化温度小于30℃,则聚酰亚胺树脂在室温下不会变软,容易在处置性、保管稳定性方面产生问题。另外,如果聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化温度超过80℃,则会有变得难以在100℃以下贴附在晶片上的倾向。基于相同的观点,聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化温度更优选为40℃以上80℃以下,进一步优选为45℃以上80℃以下。
由四羧酸二酐及二胺来生成聚酰亚胺树脂的反应可以如本领域技术人员所知,适当地采用通常在聚酰亚胺树脂的合成反应中所采用的条件。
半导体用粘接膜除了上述聚酰亚胺树脂以外,也可以还含有热固化性成分和/或填充剂。热固化性成分是能够利用加热形成三维的网络结构而固化的成分,例如由热固化性树脂及其固化剂和/或固化促进剂构成。通过使用热固化性成分,就会有高温下的剪切粘接力变高的倾向。但是,由于一旦使用热固化性成分,则高温下的剥离粘接力反而有降低的倾向,因此最好根据使用目的,适当地选择是否使用热固化性成分。
热固化性树脂的量相对于聚酰亚胺树脂100重量份,优选为1~100重量份,更优选为1~50重量份。如果超过100重量份,则会有膜形成性降低的倾向。
热固化性树脂优选从环氧树脂、以及具有2个热固化性酰亚胺基的酰亚胺化合物中选择。
作为热固化性树脂使用的环氧树脂是具有2个以上的环氧基的化合物。从固化性或固化物特性的方面考虑,优选酚的缩水甘油基醚型环氧树脂。作为酚的缩水甘油基型环氧树脂,可以举出双酚A、双酚AD、双酚S、双酚F或卤化双酚A与表氯醇的缩合物;苯酚酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油基醚;甲酚酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油基醚;以及双酚A酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油基醚。优选使用环氧基当量为100~500的环氧树脂。
作为热固化性树脂使用环氧树脂时,作为其固化剂,优选使用酚醛树脂。酚醛树脂的OH当量优选为50~600。酚醛树脂是具有2个以上的酚性羟基的化合物。作为酚醛树脂的具体例,可以举出苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆树脂、聚对乙烯基苯酚、以及苯基芳烷基树脂。在使用酚醛树脂的情况下,其量相对于环氧树脂100重量份优选为1~300重量份,更优选为1~150重量份,进一步优选为1~120重量份。如果超过300重量份,则会有固化性降低的倾向。
作为与环氧树脂组合的固化剂或固化促进剂,除了酚醛树脂以外,例如可以使用咪唑类、双氰胺衍生物、二羧酸二酰肼、三苯基膦、四苯基鏻四苯基硼酸酯、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑-四苯基硼酸酯以及1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一烯-7-四苯基硼酸酯。它们也可以并用两种以上。固化促进剂的量相对于环氧树脂100重量份优选为0~50重量份,更优选为0.1~50重量份,进一步优选为0.1~20重量份。如果固化促进剂的量超过50重量份,则会有保存稳定性降低的倾向。
在将环氧树脂、酚醛树脂及固化促进剂组合使用的情况下,半导体用粘接膜的组成例如为聚酰亚胺树脂:100重量份、环氧树脂:1~100重量份、酚醛树脂:相对于环氧树脂100重量份为1~600重量份、固化促进剂:相对于环氧树脂100重量份为0~50重量份。
作为可以用作热固化性树脂的酰亚胺化合物的例子,有邻苯撑双马来酰亚胺、间苯撑双马来酰亚胺、对苯撑双马来酰亚胺、1,4-双(对马来酰亚胺枯基)苯、1,4-双(间马来酰亚胺枯基)苯、以及以下述式(IV)、(V)或(VI)表示的酰亚胺化合物。
式(IV)中,X1表示-O-、-CH2-、-CF2-、-SO2-、-S-、-CO-、-C(CH3)2-或-C(CF3)2-,R11、R12、R13及R14分别独立地表示氢原子、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、氟、氯或溴,Z1表示具有乙烯性不饱和双键的二羧酸残基。
式(V)中,X2表示-O-、-CH2-、-CF2-、-SO2-、-S-、-CO-、-C(CH3)2-或-C(CF3)2-,R15、R16、R17及R18分别独立地表示氢原子、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、氟、氯或溴,Z2表示具有乙烯性不饱和双键的二羧酸残基。
式(VI)中,Z3表示具有乙烯性不饱和双键的二羧酸残基,r表示0~4的整数。
作为式(IV)的酰亚胺化合物,例如有4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基醚、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基甲烷、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺-3,3’-二甲基-二苯基甲烷、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基砜、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基硫醚、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基酮、2,2-双(4-马来酰亚胺苯基)丙烷、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基氟甲烷、以及1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2,2-双(4-马来酰亚胺苯基)丙烷。
作为式(V)的酰亚胺化合物,例如有双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]醚、双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]甲烷、双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]氟甲烷、双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]砜、双[4-(3-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]砜、双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]硫醚、双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]酮、2,2-双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、以及1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2,2-双[4-(4-马来酰亚胺苯氧基)苯基]丙烷。
为了促进这些酰亚胺化合物的固化,也可以使用自由基聚合引发剂。作为自由基聚合引发剂,有乙酰基环己基磺酰基过氧化物、过氧化异丁酰、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化辛酰、过氧化乙酰、过氧化二枯基、氢过氧化枯烯、以及偶氮异丁腈等。自由基聚合引发剂的使用量相对于酰亚胺化合物100重量份,大致上优选为0.01~1.0重量份。
填充剂是以提高B-stage状态的粘接膜的断裂强度以及降低拉伸断裂伸长率、提高粘接膜的处置性、提高热传导性、调整熔融粘度、赋予触变性等为目的而使用的。作为填充剂,例如可以使用选自银粉、金粉及铜粉中的导电性填充剂;含有无机物质的非金属系的无机填充剂。
作为构成无机填充剂的无机物质,例如可以举出氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、氮化铝、硼酸铝晶须、氮化硼、结晶性二氧化硅、非晶体二氧化硅及锑氧化物。为了提高热传导性,优选使用氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、结晶性二氧化硅及非晶体二氧化硅。出于调整熔融粘度或赋予触变性的目的,优选氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、结晶性二氧化硅以及非晶体二氧化硅。另外,为了提高耐湿性,优选氧化铝、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝以及锑氧化物。也可以将多种填充剂并用。
通过增大填充剂的含量,就可以升高粘接膜的断裂强度、提高弹性模量、增大韧性。但是,如果过大地增大填充剂的含量,则会有粘接膜的耐久性降低、耐回流裂纹性降低的倾向。特别是,在用于有机基板之类的具有凹凸表面的被粘接体与半导体芯片的粘接时,粘接层容易破坏。另外,如果填充剂增加,则会有能够将粘接膜向半导体晶片贴附的温度升高的倾向。基于此种观点,填充剂的含量相对于半导体用粘接膜的总质量优选为小于30质量%,更优选为小于25质量%,进一步优选为小于20质量%。填充剂的含量相对于聚酰亚胺树脂100重量份优选为1重量份以上,更优选为3重量份。
半导体用粘接膜优选具有在将半导体芯片搭载于半导体芯片搭载用支承部件上时所要求的耐热性及耐湿性。为此,优选进行耐回流裂纹性试验。可以将粘接强度作为指标来评价半导体用粘接膜的耐回流裂纹性。为了获得良好的耐回流裂纹性,在以4×2mm见方的粘接面积将半导体用粘接膜粘接在半导体晶片时,优选剥离强度在初期为1.0kg/cm以上,在85℃/85%的气氛下放置48小时后为0.5kg/cm以上。初期的剥离强度更优选为1.3kg以上,进一步优选为1.5kg/cm。在85℃/85%的气氛下放置48小时后的剥离强度更优选为0.7kg/cm以上,进一步优选为0.8kg/cm以上。
半导体用粘接膜的拉伸断裂伸长率优选为小于5%。另外,半导体用粘接膜的拉伸断裂伸长率优选相对于拉伸试验的最大载荷时的伸长率来说小于110%。通过具有此种拉伸特性,半导体用粘接膜在因拉伸应力而断裂时就难以出现毛口,在利用后述的方法制造半导体芯片时,可以特别明显地抑制毛刺的产生。另外,通过使半导体用粘接膜具有此种拉伸特性,就可以用很少的扩大量将半导体用粘接膜有效地并且可靠地断开。
如果拉伸断裂伸长率为5%以上,则为了将半导体用粘接膜完全地断开,就需要使切割胶带的扩大量为通常程度以上。另外,拉伸断裂伸长率相对于最大载荷时的伸长率的比例为110%以上会导致屈服状态长,或容易引起颈缩(necking),该情况下,就会有难以在抑制毛刺的同时将半导体用粘接膜2完全地断开的倾向。
基于与上述相同的观点,拉伸断裂伸长率更优选为小于4%,进一步优选为小于3.5%。同样地,拉伸断裂伸长率与最大载荷时的伸长率的比率更优选为小于108%,进一步优选为小于105%。而且,该比率在拉伸断裂伸长率与最大载荷时的伸长率一致时,就会达到作为最低值的100%。
通过将半导体用粘接膜利用上述的成分来构成,适当地调整各成分的种类及配合量,就可以很容易地得到具有上述特定的拉伸特性的半导体用粘接膜。
最大应力、最大载荷伸长率及拉伸断裂伸长率可以通过使用从B-stage状态的半导体用粘接膜中切出的具有宽5mm、长50mm、厚25μm的尺寸的长方形的试验片,在25℃的环境下,用以下的条件来进行拉伸试验而求出。
拉伸试验机:SIMADZU制100N自动绘图仪“AGS-100NH”
卡盘间距离(试验开始时):30mm
拉伸速度:5mm/分钟
从利用拉伸试验得到的应力-变形曲线中,读取最大载荷、最大载荷时的卡盘间长度、以及断裂时的卡盘间长度,使用这些值和试样截面积的实测值,利用下式算出最大应力、最大载荷伸长率及拉伸断裂伸长率。
最大应力(Pa)=最大载荷(N)/试样的截面积(m2)
最大载荷时的伸长率(%)={(最大载荷时的卡盘间长度(mm)-30)/30}×100
拉伸断裂伸长率(%)={(断裂时的卡盘间长度(mm)-30)/30}×100
通常来说,对多个试验片进行测定,将其平均值作为该半导体用粘接膜的拉伸特性记录。虽然从再现性的观点考虑,优选在上述条件下进行拉伸试验,然而也可以变更为能够在实质上提供相同的试验结果的其他的条件。
半导体用粘接膜例如可以利用以下的方法来获得,即,将含有聚酰亚胺树脂、热固化性成分、填充剂以及溶解或分散它们的有机溶剂的涂敷液(糊状混合物)涂敷在基膜上,利用加热从基膜上的涂敷液中除去有机溶剂。上述涂敷液可通过将各原料混合,并适当组合搅拌机、研磨搅拌机、三辊滚轧机、球磨机等分散机而混炼的方法来调制。
有机溶剂只要是可以将材料均匀地溶解、混匀或分散的有机容积,就没有特别限制,例如可以举出二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜、二甘醇二甲醚、甲苯、苯、二甲苯、甲乙酮、四氢呋喃、乙基溶纤剂、乙基溶纤剂乙酸酯、丁基溶纤剂及二噁烷。它们既可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
对于基膜并无特别限定,只要是能够耐受为了除去有机溶剂而进行的加热即可。作为基膜的例子,可以举出聚酯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、聚酰亚胺膜、聚醚酰亚胺膜、聚醚萘酸酯膜以及甲基戊烯膜。也可以将组合了2种以上的这些膜而成的多层膜作为基膜使用。基膜的表面也可以用硅酮系、二氧化硅系等脱模剂等处理。除去有机溶剂后,可以直接用作半导体用粘接膜的支撑体,而不必除去基膜。
半导体用粘接膜还能够以与切割胶带贴合的复合片的状态保管和使用。通过采用这样的复合片,可简化半导体装置的制造工序。
半导体芯片的制造方法
(第一实施方式)
图1、2、3、4及5是表示第一实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。本实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法包括:准备依次层叠了半导体晶片1、半导体用粘接膜2及切割胶带3的叠层体20的工序(图1);从半导体晶片1侧在叠层体20形成切槽40的工序(图2、3);将半导体用粘接膜2沿着切槽40分割的工序(图4);将半导体芯片10与半导体用粘接膜2一起捡取的工序(图5)。上述的实施方式的半导体用粘接膜被作为半导体用粘接膜2使用。
图1的叠层体20利用以下的方法准备,即,在半导体晶片1的背面依次贴附半导体用粘接膜2及切割胶带3,或将层叠了半导体用粘接膜2及切割胶带3的复合片以半导体用粘接膜2位于半导体晶片1侧的朝向贴附在半导体晶片1的背面。
作为半导体晶片1,除了使用单晶硅以外还可以使用由多晶硅、各种陶瓷、镓砷等化合物半导体等构成的晶片。切割胶带3只要是对固定用的环形件具有能够固定程度的粘接性并能够拉伸到使半导体用粘接膜2断开,就可以没有特别限制地使用。例如,可以将氯乙烯系胶带作为切割胶带使用。
在将半导体用粘接膜2或具有它的复合片贴附在半导体晶片1上时,优选将半导体用粘接膜的温度保持为0~100℃。通过像这样以比较低的温度贴附半导体用粘接膜2,就可以充分地抑制半导体晶片1的翘曲以及由切割胶带或背面研磨胶带的热过程引起的损伤。基于相同的观点,更优选为15℃~95℃,进一步优选为20℃~90℃。
对于叠层体20,以将半导体晶片1分割为多个半导体芯片10,并且半导体用粘接膜2在厚度方向的一部分不切断而保留的方式,用切割刀片4从半导体晶片1侧形成切槽40(图2)。换言之,半导体晶片1被完全地切断,并沿着半导体晶片1的线对半导体粘接膜2进行半切割。
图3是表示形成于叠层体20的切槽40附近的放大剖面图。“半切割”表示切入半导体用粘接膜2的厚度T1以及半导体用粘接膜2的深度T2满足T2/T1<1的关系。。T2/T1优选为1/5~4/5,更优选为1/4~3/4,进一步优选为1/3~2/3。如果T2变小,则在沿着切槽40分割半导体用粘接膜2时有防止毛刺发生的趋势,而另一方面,即使拉伸切割胶带3,或进一步提高捡取半导体芯片10时的突出高度,也存在难以完全分割半导体用粘接膜2的倾向。另外,如果T2变大,则即使拉伸切割胶带的量(以下根据情况称作“扩大量”。)小,或者捡取半导体芯片10时的突出高度低,也会有容易完全分割管芯焊接膜的倾向。但是,如果T2过度地变大,则毛刺抑制的效果变小,从而会有半导体装置制造的产品合格率提高的效果变小的倾向。
在形成切槽40之后,将切割胶带3在多个半导体芯片10相互分离的方向,即,沿着切割胶带3主面的方向(图2的箭头的方向)上拉伸,由此将半导体用粘接膜2分割(图4)。其结果是,半导体芯片10及具有贴附其上的半导体用粘接膜2的带有粘接膜的半导体芯片处于排列在切割胶带3上的状态。
扩大量是拉伸后的切割胶带3的宽度(最大宽度)R1与初期的切割胶带3的宽度(最大宽度)R0(参照图2)之差。该扩大量优选为2mm~10mm,更优选为2mm~8mm,进一步优选为2mm~7mm。如本实施方式所述,在半导体用粘接膜2形成切槽的情况下,由于存在切断的机会,所以与后述的第二实施的不完全切断半导体粘接膜2的情况相比,可减少扩大量。
在拉伸切割胶带3后,半导体芯片10与贴附在其背面的半导体用粘接膜2一起被捡取(图5)。在所要捡取的半导体芯片10的位置上,可以将切割胶带3从与半导体芯片10相反一侧顶出至规定的高度。已捡取的半导体芯片10可使用将贴附在其背面的半导体用粘接膜2作为管芯焊接材料而搭载于各种支承部件等。对于捡取后的工序将在后面叙述。
(第二实施方式)
图6、7、8及9是表示第二实施方式的半导体芯片的制造方法的剖面图。本实施方式的方法具有:准备依次层叠了半导体晶片1、半导体用粘接膜2及切割胶带3的叠层体20的工序(图6~8);通过将切割胶带3沿多个半导体芯片10相互分离的方向拉伸,而将半导体晶片1分割为多个半导体芯片10并且分割半导体用粘接膜2的工序(图9);将半导体芯片10与半导体用粘接膜2一起捡取的工序。
准备叠层体20的工序包括:沿着利用激光加工将半导体晶片1划分为多个半导体芯片10的线50(以下称作“分割预定线”。)在半导体晶片1的内部形成改质部1a的工序(图6);在形成了改质部1a的半导体晶片1贴附半导体用粘接膜2的工序(图7);以及在半导体用粘接膜2贴附切割胶带3的工序(图8)。
在利用激光加工形成改质部1a的工序中,沿着分割预定线50照射激光90(图6的(a))。该激光加工可以利用已知的所谓隐形切割的方法中通常所采用的条件来进行。利用激光加工,在半导体晶片1的内部形成改质部1a。
其后,如图7、8所示,在半导体晶片1上依次贴附半导体用粘接膜2及切割胶带3,得到叠层体20。
得到叠层体20的工序并不限于本实施方式的顺序。例如,也可以在半导体晶片贴附了半导体用粘接膜后,利用激光加工形成改质部。
在得到了叠层体20后,通过将切割胶带3沿多个半导体芯片10相互分离的方向(图8(b)的箭头的方向)拉伸,从而将半导体晶片1分割为多个半导体芯片10,并将半导体用粘接膜2沿着改质部1a分割(图9)。
根据本实施方式,半导体晶片1及半导体用粘接膜2可通过切割胶带的拉伸来进行分割,而无需利用切割刀片来切断。根据该方法,不需要将半导体晶片1和半导体用粘接膜2利用切割刀片同时地切断,因此可以提高半导体晶片的单片化的速度,还可以抑制毛刺的产生。
本实施方式的情况下,切割胶带3的扩大量优选为5~30mm,更优选为10~30mm,进一步优选为10~20mm。如果扩大量小于5mm,则会有难以将半导体晶片1及半导体用粘接膜2完全地断开的倾向,如果超过30mm,则会有容易引起沿着分割预定线以外的部分断裂的倾向。
另外,本实施方式的情况下,拉伸切割胶带3的速度(扩大速度)优选为10~1000mm/秒,更优选为10~100mm/秒,进一步优选为10~50mm/秒。如果扩大速度小于10mm/秒,则会有难以将半导体晶片1及半导体用粘接膜2完全地断开的倾向,如果超过1000mm/秒,则会有容易引起沿着分割预定线以外的部分断裂的倾向。
如上说明所示,利用第一实施方式或第二实施方式的方法得到的、与半导体用粘接膜2一起捡取的半导体芯片10,例如构成IC、LSI之类的半导体元件。半导体芯片10例如可借助贴附在其背面的半导体用粘接膜2粘接在支承部件上。作为支承部件,例如可以举出42合金引线框及铜引线框等引线框;由环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂及马来酰亚胺树脂等形成的树脂膜;在玻璃无纺布或玻璃织布上浸渍环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂及马来酰亚胺系树脂等热固化性树脂并使其固化而得的基板;以及玻璃基板及氧化铝等陶瓷基板。
半导体芯片之间可借助半导体用粘接膜粘接。图10是表示利用该方法得到的半导体装置的一个实施方式的剖面图。图10所示的半导体装置100具有:带有布线的基材(支承部件)7、借助半导体用粘接膜2粘接在带有布线的基材7上的半导体芯片10a以及借助半导体用粘接膜2粘接在半导体芯片10a的半导体芯片10b。半导体芯片10a及10b利用接合线8与带有布线的基材7的布线连接。另外,半导体芯片10a及10b由埋设这些半导体芯片的密封树脂层9密封。
半导体芯片与支承部件的粘接以及半导体芯片之间的粘接例如可以在半导体芯片与支承部件之间或半导体芯片之间夹持了半导体用粘接膜的状态下,以60~300℃加热0.1~300秒而进行。
在半导体用粘接膜2含有热固化性树脂的情况下,优选加热粘接后的半导体芯片而促进半导体用粘接膜与被粘接体的密合或固化,从而增大接合部的强度。此时的加热只要根据粘接膜的组成适当地调整即可,通常来说为60~220℃下进行0.1~600分钟。在进行树脂密封的情况下,也可以利用密封树脂的固化工序的加热。
实施例
下面,举出实施例对本发明进行更具体的说明。但是,本发明并不限定于以下的实施例。
1.半导体用粘接膜的制作
实施例1
向具有温度计、搅拌机及氯化钙管的500ml的四口烧瓶中,加入作为二胺的1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷(0.1mol)和作为溶剂的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮150g,在60℃下搅拌。在二胺溶解后,一点点地添加1,10-(十亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸二酐)(0.02mol)和4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(0.08mol),在60℃反应3小时。其后,在吹入N2气的同时在170℃下加热,用3小时利用共沸将体系中的水与溶剂的一部分一起除去。将除去水而得的聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液用于粘接膜的制作中。
向利用上述操作得到的聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液(含有聚酰亚胺树脂100重量份)中,加入甲酚酚醛清漆环氧树脂(东都化成制)4重量份、4,4’-[1-[4-[1-(4-羟基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苯基]次乙基]双酚(本州化学制)2重量份、四苯基鏻四苯基硼酸酯(tetraphenylphosphoniumtetraphenylborate)(东京化成制)0.5重量份。继而,相对于全部固体成分的质量达到12质量%地加入氮化硼填充剂(水岛合金铁制),相对于全部固体成分的质量达到3质量%地加入Aerosil(日文:アエロジル)填充剂R972(日本Aerosil制),充分混炼,得到清漆。将所调制的清漆涂布于剥离处理完毕的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,在80℃下加热30分钟,接下来在120℃加热30分钟,其后,在室温(25℃)下剥除聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜,得到厚25μm的粘接膜。
实施例2~4
除了将合成聚酰亚胺树脂时的原料的配合比变更为表1所示的各组成(重量份)以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
比较例1
除了将原料的配合比变更为表1所示的组成(重量份)以外,与实施例1相同地得到了聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液。使用所得的聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液,相对于全部固体成分的重量将氮化硼填充剂的配合比设为9质量%,不使用aerosil填充剂,除此以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
比较例2
除了将原料的配合比变更为表1所示的组成(重量份)以外,与实施例1相同地得到了聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液。使用所得的聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液,相对于全部固体成分的重量将氮化硼填充剂的配合比设为10质量%,不使用aerosil填充剂,除此以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
比较例3
除了相对于全部固体成分的重量将氮化硼填充剂的配合比设为40质量%,不使用aerosil填充剂以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
比较例4
除了将原料的配合比变更为表1所示的组成(重量份)以外,与实施例1相同地得到了聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液。使用所得的聚酰亚胺树脂的NMP溶液,相对于全部固体成分的重量将氮化硼填充剂的配合比设为28质量%,不使用aerosil填充剂,除此以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
比较例5
除了相对于全部固体成分的重量将氮化硼填充剂的配合比设为50质量%,不使用aerosil填充剂以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
比较例6
除了相对于全部固体成分的重量将氮化硼填充剂的配合比设为57质量%,不使用aerosil填充剂以外,与实施例1相同地得到了粘接膜。
[表1]
表1中,原料的简缩码表示以下的酸酐或二胺。
(酸酐)
ODPA:4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(Manac公司制)
DBTA:1,10-(十亚甲基)双(偏苯三酸二酐)(黑金化成制)
BPADA:2,2-双[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(黑金化成制)
(二胺)
LP7100:1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷(信越化学公司制)
B12:4,9-二氧杂癸烷-1,12-二胺(BASF公司制)
D2000:聚氧化丙二胺2000(BASF公司制)
BAPP:2,2双-(4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷(和歌山精化工业公司制)
2.粘接膜的评价
(1)最大应力、最大载荷伸长率以及拉伸断裂伸长率
使用从B-stage状态的粘接膜中切出的长方形的试验片(宽5mm、长50mm)进行了拉伸试验。从所得的应力-变形曲线中,基于下述计算式求出了最大应力、最大载荷伸长率以及拉伸断裂伸长率。拉伸试验是使用拉伸试验机(SIMADZU制100N自动绘图仪、AGS-100NH),在25℃的气氛中,以试验开始时的卡盘间距离30mm、拉伸速度5mm/min.的条件进行的。
最大应力(Pa)=最大载荷(N)/试样的截面积(m2)
最大载荷伸长率(%)=[(最大载荷下的卡盘间长度(mm)-30)/30]×100
拉伸断裂伸长率(%)=[(断裂时的卡盘间长度(mm)-30)/30]×100
图11是表示实施例1的粘接膜的应力-变形曲线的图,图12是表示比较例1的粘接膜的应力-变形曲线的图。图中,伸长(mm)=卡盘间长度-30。根据与最大载荷Pmax对应的伸长算出最大载荷伸长率,根据试验片断裂后、载荷降到0的时间点的伸长E算出拉伸断裂伸长率。
(2)晶片贴附温度
使用加温到规定的温度的热轧贴膜机(0.3m/分钟、0.3MPa),将宽10mm的粘接膜与半导体晶片贴合,其后,对粘接膜在25℃的气氛中,以拉伸角度90°、拉伸速度50mm/分钟进行剥下粘接膜的剥离试验,求出剥离强度。剥离试验是使用TOYOBALDWIN制UTM-4-100型TENSILON进行的。将热轧贴膜机的设定温度从40℃起每次升温10℃,将获得20N/m以上的剥离强度时的热轧贴膜机温度中的最低的温度设为晶片贴附温度。
(3)玻璃化温度
180℃下加热1小时而固化了的粘接膜中,切出约4×20mm大小的试样。对该试样,使用精工电子制TMA120,以Extension、升温速度:5℃/min、试样测定长度:10mm的条件测定试样的位移量,得到了表示位移量与温度的关系的曲线。从所得的曲线中求出玻璃化温度。图13是表示位移量与温度的关系的一例的曲线图。如图13中所示,引出与玻璃化区域的前后的部分的曲线相切的2条切线,将它们的交点的温度设为玻璃化温度(Tg)。
(4)室温粘性强度
使用Rhesca株式会社制粘性试验机,利用JISZO237-1991中记载的方法(探针直径5.1mm、剥下速度10mm/s、接触载荷100gf/cm2、接触时间1s),在25℃测定了B-stage状态的粘接膜的粘性强度。从操作性的观点考虑,25℃下粘性强度优选为小于5gf。
(5)剥离强度(芯片剥下强度)
将厚400μm的硅晶片从其表面侧半切割至250μm的深度,并在背侧方向方上施加力进行切割,由此准备在周缘部形成宽150μm的爪的4mm×2mm的硅芯片。在该硅芯片与42合金引线框之间夹持以4mm×2mm大小切出的粘接膜。对整体施加200gf的载荷,在160℃下压接5秒,并通过在180℃下加热60分钟使粘接膜后固化。然后,使用改良了推挽计量器(push pull gage)的图14所示的测定装置15,测定了260℃、20秒加热时的芯片剥下强度。测定装置15具有热盘14、放置于该热盘14上的模垫(die-pad)13和推挽计量器12。在测定装置15的模垫13上放置试样,在硅芯片的爪安装推挽计量器12进行了芯片剥下强度的测定。对最初以及实施了在85℃、85%RH环境下放置48小时的高温高湿处理后的样本进行该剥离强度的测定。根据该测定可测定粘接膜的面粘接强度。该数值越高,回流裂纹越难以发生。
(6)耐回流裂纹性
将切成5mm见方的硅芯片和具有粘贴于该硅芯片的粘接膜的带粘接膜硅芯片与在作为基材的聚酰亚胺膜(厚度25μm)的表面形成有布线的布线基板接合。然后,在该硅芯片上接合5mm见方的带其他粘接膜的硅芯片。
对于所得到的10个样本,使其通过按照表面温度达到260℃且在该温度下保持20秒钟的方式设定的IR回流炉,然后,反复实施两次在室温(25℃)下放置冷却的处理。利用目测以及超声波显微镜观察处理后的样本中的裂纹,确认基板/芯片间以及芯片/芯片间的裂纹的发生状态。根据观察结果,按照以下基准来评价抗回流裂纹性。
A:在全部的样品中都未看到裂纹产生。
C:在1个以上的样品中产生裂纹。
[表2]
[表2]
(7)断裂性、芯片裂纹及毛刺
将在上述的实施例或比较例中制作的粘接膜贴合在半导体晶片,利用以下的“全切割”、“半切割”或“激光切割”的方法将半导体晶片分割为半导体芯片,并确认了此时的粘接膜的断裂性、芯片裂纹及毛刺的产生状态。在任意的方法中,都将氯乙烯系胶带(厚90μm)作为切割胶带使用。
全切割
使用热轧贴膜机(JCM公司制DM-300H、0.3m/分钟、0.3MPa),在表1的晶片贴附温度下将各个粘接膜贴附在50μm厚的半导体晶片。然后,在热板温度80℃的条件下将切割胶带层压在粘接膜上,制作了切割样品。在切割胶带周缘部贴附不锈钢制的环形件,并使用DISCO公司制DFD-6361将切割样品切断。切断是采用以1枚刀片来完成加工的单切方式,在刀片为NBC-ZH104F-SE 27HDBB、刀片转速为45,000rpm、切断速度50mm/s的条件下进行的。切断时的刀片切割深度(切槽深度)为完全切断粘接膜的高度即80μm。接下来,在将环形件固定的状态下,利用扩大装置拉伸切割胶带。扩大速度为10mm/s,扩大量为3mm。
半切割
将刀片切割深度(切槽深度)设为不切断而在管芯焊接膜中保留有10μm厚度份的高度100μm,除此以外,以与上述全切割相同的条件进行试验。
激光切割
对半导体晶片(厚度50μm)进行激光照射,在其内部沿着划分为半导体芯片的线形成改质部。然后,按照与全切割相同的顺序依次粘贴粘接膜和切割胶带,在切割胶带的外周部贴附不锈钢制的环形件。然后,利用扩大装置在固定了环形件的状态下拉伸切割胶带。扩大速度为30mm/s,扩大量为15mm。
断裂性
在拉伸切割胶带后,利用光学显微镜观察粘接膜是否断裂,求出切断面的全长中的未完全断裂的部分的长度的比率,利用以下的基准将该比率分类而评价了断裂性。另外,在全切割的情况下,利用切割刀片来切断粘接膜,因此不进行断裂性的评价。
AA:98%以上
A:90%以上
B:50%以上而小于90%
C:小于50%
芯片裂纹
在拉伸切割胶带后,利用光学显微镜观察芯片裂纹的产生状态。求出在半导体芯片的与粘接膜相反一侧的面上产生的芯片裂纹的长度,利用以下的基准将芯片裂纹的长度分类而评价了芯片裂纹的产生状态。
AA:小于5μm
A:5μm以上且小于10μm
B:10μm以上且小于25μm
C:25μm以上
毛刺
在拉伸切割胶带后,将半导体芯片与粘接膜一起捡取。利用光学显微镜观察所捡取的带有粘接膜的半导体芯片的端面,确认了毛刺的产生状态。
AA:毛刺的长度小于20μm
A:毛刺的长度为20μm以上且小于40μm
B:毛刺的长度为40μm以上且小于100μm
C:毛刺的长度为100μm以上
[表3]
[表3]
使用了利用含有50质量%的4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐的四羧酸二酐、与含有30质量%以上的1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷的二胺的反应得到的聚酰亚胺树脂的实施例1~4的粘接膜都可以在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片。此外,实施例1~4的粘接膜都显示出良好的断裂性。另外,实施例1~4的粘接膜在耐回流裂纹性的方面也很优异,由于在室温下具有适度的粘性强度,因此在操作性方面也很优异。
采用了未使用4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐而得的聚酰亚胺树脂的比较例1~3的粘接膜不能在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片,另外,未显示出足够的断裂性。比较例6的粘接膜虽然使用与实施例3相同的聚酰亚胺树脂,然而由于填充剂的含量多,因此无法在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片。比较例3的粘接膜虽然半切割时的断裂性良好,然而激光切割时的断裂性不够充分。另外,比较例3的粘接膜在耐回流裂纹性试验中在基板/芯片中产生了裂纹。
采用了未使用4,4’-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐而得的聚酰亚胺树脂的比较例4的粘接膜虽然可以在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片,然而由于玻璃化温度低,因此室温下粘性强度过高,对于操作性造成妨碍。另外,比较例4的粘接膜在断裂性的方面也不够充分。
使用与比较例4相同的聚酰亚胺树脂、增加了填充剂的含量的比较例6的粘接膜无法在100℃以下的温度下贴附在半导体晶片,另外,未显示出足够的断裂性。另外,在耐回流裂纹性试验中在基板/芯片中产生了裂纹。
使用与实施例3相同的聚酰亚胺树脂而得的比较例6的粘接膜虽然显示出良好的断裂性,然而由于填充剂的含量多,因此无法在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片。另外,在耐回流裂纹性试验中在基板/芯片中产生了裂纹。
从以上的实验结果可以清楚地确认,能够在100℃以下贴附在半导体晶片,并且可以在充分地抑制芯片裂纹或毛刺的产生的同时,以良好的产品合格率从半导体晶片中得到半导体芯片。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体用粘接薄膜,其中,
所述聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化温度为30℃以上、80℃以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体用粘接薄膜,其中,
所述半导体用粘接薄膜还含有热固化性成分及填充剂,
所述填充剂的含量相对于该半导体用粘接薄膜的质量小于30质量%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的半导体用粘接薄膜,其用于如下的半导体芯片的制造方法中,
所述半导体芯片的制造方法具有:
准备层叠体的工序,将半导体晶片、半导体用粘接薄膜以及切割胶带依次层叠,按照将所述半导体晶片分割为多个半导体芯片,并且将所述半导体用粘接薄膜的厚度方向的至少一部分不切断而保留的方式,从所述半导体晶片侧形成切槽;
通过将所述切割胶带沿着使所述多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将所述半导体用粘接薄膜沿着所述切槽分割的工序。
5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体用粘接薄膜,其用于如下的半导体芯片的制造方法中,
所述半导体芯片的制造方法具有:
准备层叠体的工序,将半导体晶片、半导体用粘接薄膜以及切割胶带依次层叠,沿着将所述半导体晶片划分为多个半导体芯片的线利用激光加工在所述半导体晶片形成改质部;
通过将所述切割胶带沿着使所述多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将所述半导体晶片分割为所述多个半导体芯片并且将所述半导体用粘接薄膜沿着所述改质部分割的工序。
6.一种复合片,
其具有权利要求1~5中任一项所述的半导体用粘接薄膜,和层叠于该半导体用粘接薄膜的一面侧的切割胶带。
7.一种半导体芯片的制造方法,具有:
准备层叠体的工序,将半导体晶片、权利要求1~3中任一项所述的半导体用粘接薄膜以及切割胶带依次层叠,按照将所述半导体晶片分割为多个半导体芯片,并且将所述半导体用粘接薄膜的厚度方向的至少一部分不切断而保留的方式,从所述半导体晶片侧形成切槽;
通过将所述切割胶带沿着使所述多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将所述半导体用粘接薄膜沿着所述切槽分割的工序。
8.一种半导体芯片的制造方法,具有:
准备层叠体的工序,将半导体晶片、权利要求1~3中任一项所述的半导体用粘接薄膜以及切割胶带依次层叠,沿着将所述半导体晶片划分为多个半导体芯片的线利用激光加工在所述半导体晶片形成改质部;
通过将所述切割胶带沿着使所述多个半导体芯片相互分离的方向拉伸,而将所述半导体晶片分割为所述多个半导体芯片并且将所述半导体用粘接薄膜沿着所述改质部分割的工序。
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US20100112783A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
TWI395800B (zh) | 2013-05-11 |
TW200907007A (en) | 2009-02-16 |
WO2008126717A1 (ja) | 2008-10-23 |
JP2012188673A (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
EP2139027A4 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
JPWO2008126717A1 (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
CN102709201A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
US8404564B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
KR101166615B1 (ko) | 2012-07-18 |
TW201302965A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
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EP2139027A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
KR20090126250A (ko) | 2009-12-08 |
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