Antipaus
Antipaus (Latin: antipapa, bahasa Inggeris: antipope, Belanda: tegenpaus) ialah seorang agamawan yang bertindak merebut jawatan Uskup Roma dan ketua Gereja Katolik menyaingi Paus itu sendiri.[1]
Perebutan ini pernah lazim berlaku pada abad-abad ke-3 dan 15 di mana sokongan puak-puak tertentu dalam Gereja Katolk serta penguasa sekular turut diraih memihak penyaing tertentu.
Senarai penyaing
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Pontificate | Nama | Nama lahir | Butiran lahir | Tarikh lantikan / Tarikh mati atau letak jawatan | Tempoh saingan (hari) | Catatan | Menyaingi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 199 – c. 200 | Natalius | Natalius | c. 159 Rom, Empayar Rom | 38 / 48 | 1 tahun, 0 hari (365) | Later reconciled (see above) | Zephyrinus |
| 20 Dis 217 – 28 Sept 235 | Saint Hippolytus | Hippolytus | 170 Rom, Empayar Rom | 45 / 65 (†66) | 17 tahun, 282 hari (6491) | Later reconciled with Pope Pontian (see above) | Callixtus I |
| Urban I | |||||||
| Pontian | |||||||
| Mac 251 – Ogo 258 | Antipaus Novatianus | Novatian | c. 200 Rom, Empayar Rom | 51 / 58 (†93) | 7 tahun, 153 hari (2710) | Cornelius | |
| Lucius I | |||||||
| Stephen I | |||||||
| Sixtus II | |||||||
| 20 Apr 309 – 16 Ogo 310 | Heraclius | Heraclius | c. 265 Rom, Empayar Rom | 45 / 46 | 1 tahun, 118 hari (483) | Eusebius | |
| 355 – 26 Nov 365 | Felix II* | Felix | c. 270 Rom, Empayar Rom | 80 / 90 | 10 tahun, 329 hari (3982) | Dilantik Maharaja Constantius II | Liberius |
| 1 Okt 366 – 16 Nov 367 | Ursicinus | Ursinus | c. 200 Rom, Empayar Rom | 66 / 67 | 1 tahun, 46 hari (411) | Damasus I | |
| 27 December 418 – 3 April 419 | Eulalius | Eulalius | c. 370 Rom, Empayar Rom | 38 / 39 (†42) | 1 tahun, 46 hari (411) | Boniface I | |
| 22 Nov 498 – Ogo 506/08 | Laurentius | Lorenzo Celio | c. 460, Rom, Empayar Rom | 38 / 46 (†48) | 9 tahun, 283 hari (3569) | Disokong Maharaja Anastasius I | Symmachus |
| 22 Sep 530 – 14 Okt 530 | Dioscorus | Dióskoros | c. 450 Alexandria | 70 / 70 | 22 hari (22) | Boniface II | |
| 21 Sep 687 | Theodorus | Theodore | c. 599 Rome, Western Roman Empire | 88 / 88 (†92) | 97 hari (97) | Sergius I | |
| 21 Sep 687 | Paschalis | Pascale | c. 598 Rome, Western Roman Empire | 89 / 89 (†94) | 97 hari (97) | ||
| 28 Jun 767 – 6 Ogo 768 | Constantinus II | Konstantinus | c. 700 Rome, Western Roman Empire | 67 / 68 (†69) | 1 tahun, 39 hari (405) | Antara jawatan Paulus I dan Stephanus III | |
| 31 Jul 768 | Philippus | Philip | c. 701 Rome, Western Roman Empire | 68 / 68 (†99) | 0 hari (0) | Installed by envoy of Lombard King Desiderius | Stephen III |
| 25 Jan – 31 May 844 | Antipaus Ioannes VIII | Giovanni | c. 800 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 44 / 44 (†91) | 151 hari (151) | Elected by acclamation | Sergius II |
| Jan 855 – 31 Mac 855 | Anastasius III Bibliothecarius | Anastasius | c. 810 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 45 / 45 (†68) | 89 hari (89) | Benedictus III | |
| 3 Okt 903 – 27 Jan 904 | Christophorus | Christoforo | c. 850 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 53 / 54 | 116 hari (116) | Antara jawatan Leo V and Sergius III | |
| Jul 974 | Bonifacius VII* | Franco Ferrucci | c. 900 Roma, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 73 / 73 and 84 / 85 | 30 hari (30) 334 hari (334) total 364 hari (364 hari) |
Antara jawatan Benedict VI and Benedict VII | |
| 20 Ogo 984 – 20 Jul 985 | Antara jawatan John XIV and John XV | ||||||
| Apr 997 – Feb 998 | Antipaus Ioannes XVI* | John Filagatto | c. 941 Rossano, Calabria, Negeri-Negeri Paus (Italy) | 56 / 56 (†59) | 1 tahun, 0 hari (365) | Supported by Byzantine emperor Basil II | Gregorius V |
| Jun 1012 | Gregorius VI | Gregorio | c. 960 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 52 / 52 (†60) | 29 hari (29) | Benedictus VIII | |
| 4 Apr 1058 – 24 Jan 1059 | Benedictus X* | Giovanni Mincio dei Conti di Tusculo | c. 1000 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus, | 58 / 59 (†80) | 295 hari (295 ) | Supported by the Counts of Tusculum | Nicholas II |
| July 1061 – 31 May 1064 | Honorius II | Pietro Cadalus | 1010 Verona, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 51 / 54 (†62) | 2 tahun, 335 hari (1065) | Supported by Agnes, regent of the Holy Roman Empire | Alexander II |
| 25 Jun 1080, 21 Mac 1084 – 8 Sep 1100 | Clement III | Guibert of Ravenna | c. 1029 Parma, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 51 / 51, 54 / 71 | 20 tahun, 44 hari (7348) | Supported by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor | Gregorius VII |
| Victor III | |||||||
| Urban II | |||||||
| Paschal II | |||||||
| 8 Sep 1100 – Jan 1101 | Antipaus Theodoricus | Theodoro | c. 1030 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus, | 70 / 71 (†72) | 121 hari (−244) | Successor to Clement III | Paschal II |
| Jan 1101 – Feb 1102 | Adalbertus | Albert | c. 1046 Atella, Campania, Negeri-Negeri Paus, | 55 / 56 (†85) | 31 hari (31) | Successor to Theodoric | |
| 8 Nov 1105 – 11 Apr 1111 | Sylvester IV | Maginulf | c. 1050 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 49 / 55 (†56) | 5 tahun, 324 hari (31) | Supported by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor | |
| 10 Mac 1118 – 22 Apr 1121 | Gregorius VIII | Maurice Burdain | c. 1057 Limousin, Occitania, France | 61 / 65 (†72) | 3 tahun, 43 hari (1139) | Gelasius II | |
| Callixtus II | |||||||
| 16 Dis 1124 | Celestine II | Teobaldo Boccapecci | c. 1050 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 74 / 74 (†86) | 0 hari (0) | Honorius II | |
| 14 Feb 1130 – 25 Jan 1138 | Anacletus II | Pietro Pierleoni | c. 1090 Rome, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 48 / 48 | 7 tahun, 345 hari (2902) | Innocentius II | |
| 23 Mac 1138 | Victor IV | Gregorio Conti | c. 1057 Ceccano, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 81 / 81 (†90) | 2 hari (2) | Successor to Anacletus II | |
| 7 Sep 1159 – 20 Apr 1164 | Victor IV | Ottavio di Montecelio | c. 1095 Tivoli, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 64 / 69 | 4 tahun, 226 hari (1687) | Supported by Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor | Alexander III |
| 22 Apr 1164 – 28 Sep 1168 | Antipaus Paschalis III | Guido di Crema | c. 1110 Crema, Lombardy, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 54 / 58 | 4 tahun, 159 hari (1620 hari) | ||
| Sep 1168 – 29 Ogo 1178 | Callixtus III | Giovanni of Struma | c. 1090 Arezzo, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 78 / 88 (†90) | 9 tahun, 362 hari (3649 hari) | ||
| 29 Sep 1179 – Jan 1180 | Innocentius III | Lanzo of Sezza | c. 1120 Sezze, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 59 / 60 (†63) | 95 hari (95 hari) | ||
| 12 May 1328 – 12 Ogo 1330 | Nicholas V | Pietro Rainalducci | c. 1258 Corvaro, Negeri-Negeri Paus | 70 / 74 | 2 tahun, 92 hari (822 hari) | Supported by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor | John XXII |
| 20 Sep 1378 – 16 Sep 1394 | Clemens VII | Robert of Geneva | 1342 Annecy, France | 36/52 | 15 tahun, 361 hari (5840 hari) | Avignon | Urbanus VI |
| Boniface IX | |||||||
| 28 Sep 1394 – 23 May 1423 | Benedictus XIII | Pedro de Luna | 25 November 1328 Illueca, Aragon | 65/94 | 28 tahun, 237 hari (10463 hari) | Avignon | |
| Innocentius VII | |||||||
| Gregorius XII | |||||||
| Martin V | |||||||
| 25 Jun 1409 – 3 May 1410 | Alexander V* | Pietro Philarghi | c. 1339 Crete, Republic of Venice | 70 / 71 | 312 hari (312 hari) | Pisa | Gregorius XII |
| 25 May 1410 – 29 May 1415 | Ioannes XXIIII | Baldassare Cossa | c. 1365 | 45 / 50 (†54) | 5 tahun, 6 hari (1832 hari) | Pisa | |
| 10 Jun 1423 – 26 Jul 1429 | Clemens VIII |
Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón | 1370 Teruel, Aragon | 52 / 59 (†77) | 6 tahun, 49 hari (2241 hari) | Avignon | Martin V |
| 1424–1430 | Benedictus XIV | Bernard Garnier | 1370 Perancis | 54 / 59 (†89) | 6 tahun, 211 hari (2403 hari) | Claimed successor to Benedict XIII | |
| 1430–1437 | Jean Carrier | c. 1370 Perancis | 59 / 66 | 7 tahun, 242 hari (2799 hari) | The "hidden pope" | ||
| 5 Nov 1439 – 7 Apr 1449 | Felix V | Duca Amadeus VIII dari Savoia | 4 September 1383 Chambéry, Savoy | 56/65 (†67) | 9 tahun, 153 hari (3441) | Dilantik Majlis Basel | Eugene IV |
| Nicholaus V |
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "One who opposes the legitimately elected bishop of Rome, endeavours to secure the papal throne, and to some degree succeeds materially in the attempt" (Encyclopædia Britannica: Antipope).
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber] | Rencana berkenaan Kristian ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |
