Islandia
Islandia adolah nagara kapulauan Nordik di Samudra Atlantik Utara jo di Samudra Arktik. Islandia marupokan nagara nan paliang jarang panduduaknyo di Eropa.[1] Ibu kota jo kota tagadangnyo adolah Reykjavík, nan marupokan rumah dek sakitar 36% panduduak. Nagara ko marupokan bagian tagadang dari Pungguang Tangah Atlantik nan manjulang di ateh parmukaan lauik, jo dataran tinggi vulkanik tangahnyo nan acok malatuih.[2][3]
Islandia barado di pasimpangan Atlantik Utara jo Samudra Arktik. Pulau utamo sapanuahnyo barado di selatan Lingkaran Artik, nan malewati pulau ketek Grímsey di lapeh pantai utara. Nagara ko talatak di antaro garih lintang 63 jo 68°N, sarato garih bujua 25 jo 13°B. Islandia labiah dakek ka daratan Eropa daripado ka daratan Amerika Utara, walaupun paliang dakek jo Greenland (290 kilometer; 155 mil laut). Islandia umumnyo masuak ka Eropa karano alasan geografis, sijarah, politik, budayo, bahaso, jo kahidupan sahari-hari.[4][5][6][7]
Politik Islandia balansuang dalam karangko republik demokrasi perwakilan parlementer, dimano Presiden adolah kapalo nagara, sadangkan Pardana Mantari sabagai kapalo pamarentahan jo sistem multipartai. Islandia dapek dikatoan sabagai nagara demokrasi majelis tatuo di dunia,[8] jo alah dinilai sabagai "demokrasi panuah" pado tahun 2021.[9]
Manuruik sensus 2021, panduduak nagara ko bajumlah 387.800 jiwa.[10] Panduduak asli Islandia barasal dari Nordik jo Gaelik. Hal iko tabukti dari bukti sastra nan barasal dari maso pamukiman sarato studi ilmiah salanjuiknyo takah golongan darah jo analisis genetik. Salah ciek studi genetik manunjuakkan bahwa mayoritas pamukim laki-laki barasal dari Nordik, samantaro mayoritas padusi barasal dari Gaelik, nan bararti banyak pamukim Islandia adolah Norsemen nan mambaok budak Gelik.[11]
Rujukan
[suntiang | suntiang sumber]- ↑ "Statistics Iceland". Government. The National Statistical Institute of Iceland. 14 September 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 December 1998. Diakses tanggal 14 September 2008.
- ↑ Rae, Alison. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Page 9. 2008. "Iceland is the only part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea-level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly."
- ↑ Philippon, Mélody; Von Hagke, Christoph; E. Reber, Jacqueline. Cutting-Edge Analogue Modeling Techniques Applied to Study Earth Systems. Page 99. 2020. "Iceland is the only place on Earth where a mid-ocean ridge is exposed above sea level, atop the extensional plate boundary separating the North American plate and the Eurasian plate."
- ↑ Christine Ingebritsen (2000). The Nordic States and European Unity. Cornell University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-8014-8659-3. //books.google.com/books?id=NU0pOfTUdvEC&pg=PAPA129.
- ↑ Pertti Joenniemi; Marko Lehti (2003). "On the Encounter Between the Nordic and the Northern: Torn Apart But Meeting Again?". di dalam Marko Lehti, David James Smith. Post-Cold War Identity Politics: Northern and Baltic Experiences. Psychology Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-7146-5428-7. //books.google.com/books?id=wnO5AMBP01oC&pg=PAPA135.
- ↑ Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson (28 June 2005). "Iceland and the European Union". di dalam Lee Miles. The European Union and the Nordic Countries. Routledge. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-134-80405-4. //books.google.com/books?id=uHmJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA150.
- ↑ Pieter Dhondt (25 November 2011). National, Nordic Or European?: Nineteenth-Century University Jubilees and Nordic Cooperation. BRILL. p. 7. ISBN 978-90-04-21694-5. //books.google.com/books?id=gwz-wPTpeiwC&pg=PAPA7.
- ↑ Del Giudice, Marguerite (March 2008). "Power Struggle". Iceland's Heated Debate - National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic. hlm. 85. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-07. Diakses tanggal 2019-07-21.
- ↑ "Global democracy has a very bad year". The Economist. February 2, 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 2, 2021. Diakses tanggal September 28, 2021.
- ↑ "Landsmönnum fjölgaði um 2.570 á fjórða ársfjórðungi 2022". www.statice.is (dalam bahasa Islandia). Statistics Iceland. 31 December 2022. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 January 2023. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2023.
- ↑ Helgason, Agnar; Sigureth Ardóttir, S; Nicholson, J; Sykes, B; Hill, EW; Bradley, DG; Bosnes, V; Gulcher, JR; Ward, R; et al. (2000). "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 697–717. doi:10.1086/303046. PMC 1287529
. PMID 10931763.