Abestrus

Dagiti abestrus; Sakup ti panawen: Mioseno-Holoseno 23–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Mabalin a dagiti takson ti Paleoheno.
	Kadawyan nga abestrus (Struthio camelus), lalaki ken babai
Taksonomia
Pagarian:	Animalia
Pilo:	Chordata
Klase:	Aves
Inpraklase:	Palaeognathae
Urnos:	Struthioniformes; Latham, 1790
Pamilia:	Struthionidae; Vigors, 1825
Sebbangan-kita
	Struthio camelus; Linnaeus, 1758
Dagiti henero
	†?Eremopezus; †Orientornis; †?Palaeotis; †?Remiornis; Struthio
Kapada a nagan
	†Struthiolithidae Vjalov 1971; †Palaeotididae Houde & Haubold 1987;

Dagiti abestrus ket ti pamilia ti Struthionidae, dagiti di makatayab a billit. Immuna a nagparang dagiti abestrus idi las-ud ti panawen ti Mioseno, ngem dagiti nadumaduma a posil ti Paleoseno, Eoseno ken Oligoseno ket mabalin pay a maitagikua iti pamilia.^[5]^[6] Maidasig dagiti abestrus iti grupo dagiti billit iti ratite, amin ket sibibiag a sebbangan dagiti di makatayab a billit, a mairaman dagiti kiwi, emu, ken dagiti rhea. Tradisional a ti urnos ti Struthioniformes ket aglaon kadagiti amin a ratite. Nupay kasta, dagiti kaudian a henetiko a panagusig ket nakabiruk a ti grupo ket saan a monopiletiko, gapu ta daytoy ket parapiletiko iti respeto kadagiti tinamou, isu a dagiti abestrus ket naidasig a kas laeng dagiti kameng ti urnos.^[7]^[8] ADda dagiti dua a sibibiag a sebbangan ti abestrus, ti kadawyan nga abestrus ken ti Somali nga abestrus, isuda a dua ket henero ti Struthio, nga aglaon pay kadagit inadumaduma a sebbangan nga ammo manipud kadagiti posil ti Holoseno a kas ti Asiano nga abestrus. Ti kadawyan nga abestrus ket isu ti kadakkelan a sibibiag a sebbangan ti billit, ken dagiti sabali nga abestrus ket isuda dagiti kadakkelan a sebbangan ti billit iti amn a panawen.

Dagiti nagibasaran

^ Brands, Sheila (14 Agosto 2008). "Taxon: Genus Struthio". Project: The Taxonomicon. Naala idi 12 Hunio 2012.
^ Mikko's Phylogeny Archive [1] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Paleognathia – paleognathous modern birds". Naala idi 30 Disiembre 2015.
^ Paleofile.com (net, info) [2]. "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Naala idi 30 Disiembre 2015.
^ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological Sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180–293. Naala idi 30 Disiembre 2015.
^ Buffetaut, E.; Angst, D. (November 2014). "Stratigraphic distribution of large flightless birds in the Palaeogene of Europe and its palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications". Earth-Science Reviews. 138: 394–408. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.07.001.
^ Agnolin et al, Unexpected diversity of ratites (Aves, Palaeognathae) in the early Cenozoic of South America: palaeobiogeographical implications Article in Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · Hulio 2016 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1184898
^ Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320, 1763.
^ Yuri, T. (2013) Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology, 2:419–44.

Daytoy nga artikulo ti biolohia ket pungol. Makatulongka iti Wikipedia babaen ti panagnayon iti daytoy.

[Brands-1] Brands, Sheila (14 Agosto 2008). "Taxon: Genus Struthio". Project: The Taxonomicon. Naala idi 12 Hunio 2012.

[mikko-2] Mikko's Phylogeny Archive [1] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Paleognathia – paleognathous modern birds". Naala idi 30 Disiembre 2015.

[3] Paleofile.com (net, info) [2]. "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Naala idi 30 Disiembre 2015.

[4] Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological Sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180–293. Naala idi 30 Disiembre 2015.

[5] Buffetaut, E.; Angst, D. (November 2014). "Stratigraphic distribution of large flightless birds in the Palaeogene of Europe and its palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications". Earth-Science Reviews. 138: 394–408. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.07.001.

[6] Agnolin et al, Unexpected diversity of ratites (Aves, Palaeognathae) in the early Cenozoic of South America: palaeobiogeographical implications Article in Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · Hulio 2016 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1184898

[7] Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320, 1763.

[8] Yuri, T. (2013) Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology, 2:419–44.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]