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Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf: Wie konsistent sind die Reformen?

Author

Listed:
  • Eichhorst, Werner

    (IZA)

  • Thode, Eric

    (Bertelsmann Foundation)

Abstract

Wenn institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf behindern, wird die Wahl zwischen Erwerbstätigkeit und Familiengründung zu einer echten Entweder-oder-Entscheidung. In Deutschland und vielen anderen OECD-Ländern wurden deshalb Reformen eingeleitet, um die Balance zwischen Familien- und Arbeitsleben neu auszutarieren. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Querschnittsthema, das sich nicht innerhalb einzelner Ressorts bearbeiten lässt. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern die Reformen in der Arbeitsmarkt-, Steuer- und Transfer-, Bildungs- und Betreuungspolitik der letzten Jahre kohärent ausgestaltet waren und die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf verbessert haben. Beim Blick auf Deutschland wird deutlich, dass dies nicht der Fall gewesen ist und dass unterschiedliche Leitmotive und Politikziele wie materielle Absicherung und Aktivierung nach wie vor miteinander kollidieren. Hohe Geldleistungen und Steuererleichterungen sorgen für eine vergleichsweise gute finanzielle Ausstattung der Familien. Der vollwertige Erwerbszugang insbesondere von Müttern wird jedoch durch Ehegattensplitting und Minijobs behindert. Jüngere Reformen wie die Einführung des einkommensabhängigen Elterngeldes führen zu einer Verkürzung der Erwerbsunterbrechungen sowie einer stärkeren Beteiligung der Väter, setzen aber eine bedarfsgerechte Kinderbetreuung voraus. Bei Transferbeziehern wird eine stärkere Aktivierung angestrebt, aber problematische Anreizstrukturen stehen dem zum Teil entgegen. Insgesamt befindet sich Deutschland in einer durchaus widersprüchlichen Übergangssituation.

Suggested Citation

  • Eichhorst, Werner & Thode, Eric, 2009. "Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf: Wie konsistent sind die Reformen?," IZA Discussion Papers 4294, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olivier Thévenon, 2008. "Labour force participation of women with children: disparities and developments in Europe since the 1990s," EconomiX Working Papers 2008-1, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
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    3. Olivier Thévenon, 2008. "Family policies in Europe: available databases and initial comparisons," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 6(1), pages 165-177.
    4. Esping-Andersen, Gosta, 1999. "Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198742005.
    5. Eichhorst, Werner & Thode, Eric, 2010. "Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf 2010," IZA Research Reports 30, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Boss, Alfred & Christensen, Björn & Schrader, Klaus, 2010. "Die Hartz IV-Falle: Wenn Arbeit nicht mehr lohnt," Kiel Discussion Papers 474/475, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    female labor force participation; part-time work; Germany; family and work life;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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