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Another Wind of Change? Evidence about Political Outsiders in the French Parliament

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandre Volle

    (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Antoine Cazals

    (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Bilal El Rafhi

    (LED - Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis)

Abstract

Certains citoyens déçus par les représentants politiques habituels se tournent volontiers vers de nouveaux candidats issus de la société civile et sans expérience politique préalable. Cet article étudie de manière empirique si ce renouvellement d'élus mène à un changement dans la représentation politique. Notre analyse s'appuie sur une base de données compilant les votes et l'activité législative de plus de 1 000 députés entre 2012 et 2020. Afin d'isoler correctement un effet de novicité en politique, nous dissocions le fait que les élus de la société civile soient également novices au sein du Parlement. Notre stratégie empirique permet d'isoler cet effet en utilisant les données concernant les représentants ayant déjà une expérience politique mais nouvellement élus au Parlement. En premier lieu, nous notons d'importantes disparités des élus issus de la société civile concernant leur indépendance vis-à-vis des consignes de vote de leur groupe parlementaire. Si les élus appartiennent à des groupes avec une cohésion relativement faible, ils montrent davantage d'indépendance à l'égard du groupe, tandis qu'il n'y aucune différence notable dans les groupes à forte cohésion. Ensuite, en utilisant un indice multidimensionnel de l'activité législative des députés, nous montrons que les différences observées sont avant tout dues au manque d'expérience parlementaire se traduisant par une activité moindre en début de mandat. Cette différence s'estompe, et ne conduit pas à une distinction de l'activité entre nouveaux et anciens membres du parlement sur l'entièreté du mandat. Globalement, même si l'élection de nouveaux politiques permet un changement des caractéristiques individuelles usuelles des députés comme l'âge ou le sexe, cela semble insuffisant pour faire souffler un véritable vent nouveau sur la façon de faire de la politique. Classification JEL : P16, D72

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandre Volle & Antoine Cazals & Bilal El Rafhi, 2023. "Another Wind of Change? Evidence about Political Outsiders in the French Parliament," Post-Print hal-04095614, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04095614
    DOI: 10.3917/redp.332.0203
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04095614
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

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