Chemistry:Flualprazolam

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Short description: Chemical compound
Flualprazolam
Flualprazolam structure.svg
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H12ClFN4
Molar mass326.76 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

Flualprazolam is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It was first synthesised in 1976,[1] but was never marketed. It can be seen as the triazolo version of fludiazepam. It has subsequently been sold as a designer drug,[2][3][4][5] first being definitively identified as such in Sweden in 2018.[6][7] It can be described as the 2'-fluoro derivative of alprazolam or the fluoro instead of chloro analogue of triazolam, and has similar sedative and anxiolytic effects.[8][9][10][11][12]

Legal status

Flualprazolam is banned in Sweden, also is illegal in the UK.[13] In December 2019, the World Health Organization recommended flualprazolam for international scheduling as a Schedule IV medication under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[14]

In the United States, Oregon and Virginia have placed Flualprazolam into Schedule I.[15] On December 23, 2022, the DEA announced it had begun consideration on the matter of placing Flualprazolam under temporary Schedule I status.[16] Later on July 25, 2023, the DEA published a pre-print notice that Flualprazolam would become temporarily scheduled as a Schedule I controlled substance from 07/26/2023 to 07/26/2025.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hester Jr JB, "6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines.", US patent 3987052, issued 19 October 1976, assigned to Pharmacia and Upjohn Co.
  2. ↑ "Toxicokinetics and Analytical Toxicology of Flualprazolam: Metabolic Fate, Isozyme Mapping, Human Plasma Concentration and Main Urinary Excretion Products". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44 (6): 549–558. July 2020. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa019. PMID 32104896. 
  3. ↑ "Flualprazolam Blood Concentrations in 197 Forensic Investigation Cases". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 45 (3): 226–232. March 2021. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa070. PMID 32542312. 
  4. ↑ "Quantification of Flualprazolam in Blood by LC-MS-MS: A Case Series of Nine Deaths". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 45 (4): 410–416. April 2021. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa098. PMID 32780842. 
  5. ↑ "Sensitive detection and primary metabolism analysis of flualprazolam in blood". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 90: 102388. August 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102388. PMID 35691207. 
  6. ↑ "21 nya droger förbjudna hittills I år". Svenska Narkotika Polisföreningens Tidskrift. June 2018. https://snpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/snpf_3_18.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "Femoral blood concentrations of flualprazolam in 33 postmortem cases". Forensic Science International 307: 110101. February 2020. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110101. PMID 31865266. 
  8. ↑ "The use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict GABA-A receptor binding of newly emerging benzodiazepines". Science & Justice 58 (3): 219–225. May 2018. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.12.004. PMID 29685303. https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34383/1/waters.et.al.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines". Neurotoxicology 73: 8–16. July 2019. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.015. PMID 30802466. 
  10. ↑ "Designer Benzodiazepines: Another Class of New Psychoactive Substances". New Psychoactive Substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 252. Springer International Publishing. October 2018. pp. 383–410. doi:10.1007/164_2018_154. ISBN 978-3-030-10561-7. 
  11. ↑ "Les "designer benzodiazepines" : qu'en sait-on aujourd'hui ?". Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 30 (1): 5–18. February 2018. doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2017.12.001. ISSN 2352-0078. 
  12. ↑ "Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of 13 Designer Benzodiazepines in Blood". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 43 (9): 688–695. October 2019. doi:10.1093/jat/bkz063. PMID 31436813. 
  13. ↑ Riksdagsförvaltningen. "Förordning (1992:1554) om kontroll av narkotika" (in sv). https://riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/forordning-19921554-om-kontroll-av-narkotika_sfs-1992-1554. 
  14. ↑ "News: December 2019 – WHO: World Health Organization recommends 12 NPS for scheduling". https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Announcement/Details/021820a0-8746-42a4-9ee3-47ce50b30ca3. 
  15. ↑ "Permanently Adopted Tracked Changes". https://www.oregon.gov/pharmacy/Documents/Permanently_Adopted_TrackedChanges_Div_041_Div_080_BP_8-2020.pdf. 
  16. ↑ "(Proposed Rule) Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Etizolam, Flualprazolam, Clonazolam, Flubromazolam, and Diclazepam in Schedule I". DEA. December 23, 2022. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/23/2022-27278/schedules-of-controlled-substances-temporary-placement-of-etizolam-flualprazolam-clonazolam. 
  17. ↑ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Etizolam, Flualprazolam, Clonazolam, Flubromazolam, and Diclazepam in Schedule I". DEA. July 25, 2023. https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2023-15748.pdf. 



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