Jump to content

NIMBY

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
NIMBY
acronym (en) Fassara da social issue (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Hannun riga da YIMBY (en) Fassara
Hasumiyar da ba a gama ba a Tenleytown, Washington, DC wanda daga baya aka cire shi sakamakon korafe-korafe daga unguwar

NIMBY ( / ko nimby ) , [ [1] taƙaitaccen jumlar kalmar " ba a cikin bayan gida na ba ", [2] [3] siffa ce ta adawa da mazauna yankin don ba da shawarar ci gaban ƙasa . ci gaban kayayyakin more rayuwa a yankinsu, da kuma goyon bayan tsauraran ka'idojin amfani da kasa. Yana da ma'ana cewa irin waɗannan mazaunan suna adawa da ci gaban ne kawai saboda yana kusa da su kuma za su yi haƙuri ko goyan bayansa idan an gina shi daga nesa. Ana kiran mazaunan sau da yawa nimbys, kuma ana kiran ra'ayinsu nimbyism . An san kishiyar motsi da YIMBY don "yes in my backyard".

Wasu misalai na ayyukan da nimbys suka yi adawa da su sun haɗa da ci gaban gidaje (musamman don Gidaje masu araha [4] ko wuraren shakatawa [5]), layin dogo mai saurin gudu, [6] mafaka marasa gida, kula da rana, makarantu, jami'o'i da kwalejoji, hanyoyin keke da shirin sufuri wanda ke inganta ababen more rayuwa na masu tafiya, gonakin hasken rana [4] incinerators, [6] tsarin tsabtace shara, [4] da wuraren ajiyar makaman nukiliya.[7][8]

Gidan ajiyar sharar nukiliya na Yucca Mountain, [9] mai nisan kilomita 80 a arewa maso yammacin Las Vegas, gwamnati ce ta amince da shi sannan 'yan Nevada suka yi adawa da shi. Kudin tarayya ya ƙare a cikin 2011.

Developments likely to attract local objections include:

  • Infrastructure development, such as new roads and motorway service areas, railway, light rail and metro lines, airports, power plants, retail developments, sales of public assets, electrical transmission lines, wastewater treatment plants, landfills, sewage outfalls and prisons;
  • Waste facility development, e.g. exploration of disposal sites for nuclear/radiation waste;
  • The extraction of mineral resources including ore, aggregates and hydrocarbons from mines, quarries and oil wells or gas wells, respectively;
  • Renewable energy generators, such as wind farms and solar panels;
  • Businesses trading in goods perceived as immoral, such as adult video, liquor stores, and cannabis dispensaries;
  • Accommodations perceived as primarily benefiting disadvantaged people, such as subsidized housing for the financially disadvantaged, supportive housing for the mentally ill, congregate living care homes (as for the developmentally disabled), halfway houses for drug addicts and criminals, and homeless shelters.
  • Services catering to certain stigmatized groups (for example, injection drug users), such as methadone clinics, syringe exchange programmes, drug detoxification facilities, supervised injection site;
  • Large-scale developments of all kinds, such as big-box stores and housing subdivisions.

Dalilan da aka yi da'awar game da waɗannan abubuwan sun bambanta, kuma an ba da wasu a ƙasa.

  • Ƙarin zirga-zirga: ƙarin ayyuka, ƙarin gidaje ko ƙarin shagunan suna da alaƙa da karuwar zirga-zane a kan tituna na gida da kuma buƙatar wuraren ajiye motoci. Cibiyoyin masana'antu kamar ɗakunan ajiya, masana'antu, ko wuraren zubar da shara sau da yawa suna ƙara yawan zirga-zirgar motoci.
  • Harm ga ƙananan kasuwanci da ke cikin gida: ci gaban babban kantin sayar da akwatin na iya samar da gasa mai yawa ga kantin sayarwar da ke cikin ƙasa; Hakanan, gina sabuwar hanya na iya sa tsohuwar hanyar ba ta tafiya sosai, wanda ke haifar da asarar kasuwanci ga masu mallakar dukiya. Wannan na iya haifar da farashi mai yawa, ko kuma asarar kasuwancin da ake girmamawa.
  • Rashin darajar dukiyar zama: gidaje kusa da ci gaban da ba a so na iya zama maras kyau ga masu sayarwa. Kudin da ya ɓace daga harajin dukiya na iya, ko a'a, a biya shi ta hanyar karuwar kudaden shiga daga aikin.
  • Rashin gurɓata muhalli na ƙasa, iska, da ruwa: tashoshin wutar lantarki, masana'antu, wuraren sinadarai, wuraren ƙone gawa, wuraren tsabtace datti, filayen jirgin sama, da irin waɗannan ayyukan na iya - ko ana iya da'awar - gurɓata ƙasar, iska, ko ruwa a kusa da su. Musamman wuraren da aka ɗauka suna da ƙanshi na iya haifar da ƙin yarda.
  • Rashin gurɓataccen haske: ayyukan da ke aiki da dare, ko kuma wanda ya haɗa da hasken tsaro (kamar fitilun titi a filin ajiye motoci), ana iya zargi da haifar da gurɓatawar haske.
  • Rashin gurɓataccen amo: ban da hayaniya na zirga-zirga, aikin na iya zama mai hayaniya. Wannan ƙiyayya ce ta yau da kullun ga wutar lantarki, filayen jirgin sama, hanyoyi, da wuraren masana'antu da yawa, amma kuma filayen wasa, bukukuwan, da wuraren shakatawa na dare waɗanda ke da hayaniya sosai da dare lokacin da mazauna yankin ke son barci.[10]
  • Rashin gani da gazawar "haɗuwa" tare da gine-ginen da ke kewaye da shi: aikin da aka tsara na iya zama mara kyau ko kuma babba, ko kuma ya jefa inuwa a kan wani yanki saboda tsayinsa.[11]
  • Rashin jin ƙaramin gari na al'umma: shawarwari da zasu iya haifar da sababbin mutane da ke motsawa cikin al'umma, kamar shirin gina sabbin gidaje da yawa, galibi ana da'awar canza halin al'umma.
  • Rashin albarkatun jama'a da makarantu: an ba da wannan dalili don duk wani karuwa a cikin yawan jama'ar yankin, kamar yadda za'a iya buƙatar ƙarin wuraren makaranta don ƙarin yara, amma musamman ga ayyukan da zasu iya haifar da wasu nau'ikan mutane da suka shiga cikin al'umma, kamar gida na rukuni don mutanen da ke da nakasa, ko baƙi.
  • Amfanin da ba daidai ba ga wadanda ba na gida ba: aikin ya bayyana don amfanin mutane masu nisa, kamar masu saka hannun jari (a cikin ayyukan kasuwanci kamar masana'antu ko manyan shagunan akwatin) ko mutane daga yankunan makwabta (a cikin yanayin ayyukan gwamnati na yanki, kamar filayen jirgin sama, manyan hanyoyi, maganin datti, ko wuraren zubar da shara).
  • Karin aikata laifuka: wannan galibi ana amfani da shi ga ayyukan da ake ganin suna jan hankalin ko daukar ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa ko 'yan tsiraru na launin fata, da kuma ayyukan da ke kula da mutanen da ake zaton sau da yawa suna aikata laifukan, kamar marasa lafiya, matalauta, da masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, wasu nau'ikan ayyukan, kamar mashaya ko wuraren magani na marijuana, ana iya ganin su kai tsaye suna ƙara yawan aikata laifuka a yankin.
  • Hadarin bala'i (na muhalli), kamar tare da ayyukan hakowa, masana'antar sinadarai, madatsar ruwa, ko tashoshin makamashin nukiliya.
  • Gundumomi na tarihi: yankin da abin ya shafa yana kan rajistar al'adun gargajiya, saboda yawancin tsofaffin kadarorinta da ake kiyayewa kamar haka.[12][13][14]

Gabaɗaya, ana tsammani ko tsoratar da ƙin yarda da yawa na NIMBY, saboda ƙin yarda yana iya samun nasara kafin a fara ginin. Sau da yawa ya makara don yin adawa da aikin bayan kammala shi tunda ba za a iya juyawa da sababbin ƙari ba. Dalilin NIMBYism wasu suna ganin shi ne saboda farashin da aka mayar da hankali ga sararin samaniya da fa'idodi masu rarraba tare da farashin ma'amala wanda ke haifar da gazawar warware rikici.[15]

Kamar yadda jerin suka nuna, zanga-zangar na iya faruwa saboda dalilai daban-daban. Sabuwar hanya ko cibiyar cin kasuwa na iya haifar da karuwar zirga-zirga da damar aiki ga wasu, da kuma rage zirga-zane ga wasu, cutar da kasuwancin cikin gida.

Mutanen da ke cikin yankin da tsare-tsaren suka shafa wani lokacin suna kafa ƙungiya wacce za ta iya tattara kuɗi da shirya ayyukan ƙin yarda. NIMBYists na iya hayar lauya don gabatar da roƙo na yau da kullun, da kuma tuntuɓar kafofin watsa labarai don samun goyon bayan jama'a ga shari'ar su.

Asalin da tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An fara bayyana sunan ne a cikin wata kasida ta jarida a watan Fabrairun 1979 a cikin Virginia's Daily Press .

agencies need to be better coordinated and the "nimby" (not in my backyard) syndrome must be eliminated.

Wataƙila labarin ya yi nuni da Joseph A. Lieberman, memba na Hukumar Makamashi ta Atomic ta Amurka. Maganar '"ba a cikin jarida ta baya ba,' ba tare da acronym ba, ta kuma bayyana a cikin mujallar muhalli a watan Fabrairun 1980.[16] Magana ta farko ta Oxford English Dictionary' ita ce labarin Christian Science Monitor daga Nuwamba 1980, kodayake har ma a can marubucin ya nuna cewa an riga an yi amfani da kalmar a cikin masana'antar sharar gida mai haɗari.[17][18]Tunanin da ke bayan kalmar, na juriya da aka tsara a cikin gida ga amfani da ƙasa da ba a so, mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne a baya. Ɗaya daga cikin shawarwari shine ya fito ne a cikin shekarun 1950.[19]

A cikin shekarun 1980s, ɗan siyasan Burtaniya Nicholas Ridley, wanda shi ne Sakataren Gwamnatin Conservative na Muhalli ya shahara.[20] Comedian George Carlin ya yi amfani da kalmar a 1992 don Jammin' a New York na musamman, yana nuna cewa mutane sun riga sun ji labarin hakan.[21]

Masana kimiyyar zamantakewa sun yi amfani da acronym NIMBY tun farkon shekarun 1980 don bayyana juriya na al'ummomi ga wurin zama na wuraren da ake jayayya da amfani da ƙasa.[22]

Ma'anar kalmar ta fito tun lokacin da aka gabatar da ita a cikin shekarun 1980. Baya ga tasirin su a kan kowane ci gaba ko unguwa, yanzu ana fentin kungiyoyin NIMBY da manufofi kamar yadda suke kara tsananta wariyar launin fata, zurfafa Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, da kuma iyakance yawan samar da Gidaje masu araha.[23] Akwai littattafai da labarai da yawa game da yadda za a magance ra'ayoyin NIMBY. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan labarin yana tattauna adawar NIMBY ga gidaje masu araha ta Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Ƙasa ta Kasa.[24]

Bambance-bambance

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

NIMBY da kalmomin da aka samo asali Nimbyism, Nimbys, da nimbyists, suna nufin a bayyane ga muhawara game da ci gaba gaba gaba gaba ɗaya ko ga takamaiman lamari. Saboda haka, amfani da su yana da rikici. Kalmar galibi ana amfani da ita ga masu adawa da ci gaba, yana nuna cewa suna da ƙanƙanta, son kai, ko ra'ayoyin hangen nesa. Amfani da shi sau da yawa yana mai banƙyama.[25]

Ba a unguwata ba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana amfani da kalmar Not in my neighbourhood, ko NIMN, akai-akai. "NIMN" kuma yana nufin ayyukan majalisa ko yarjejeniyar sirri da aka yi da manufar kiyaye asalin launin fata a cikin wani yanki ko yanki na zama ta hanyar tilasta kiyaye membobin wasu kabilu daga shiga yankin.[26] A wannan bangaren, "Ba a cikin Makwabta ba," na marubuci kuma ɗan jarida Antero Pietila, ya bayyana yawan kuɗin da siyasar NIMN ke da shi a kan yanayin gidaje a Baltimore a cikin karni na 20 da kuma tsarin tsarin, rabuwa na launin fata da ya haifar.

manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Definition of Nimby". Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  2. ↑ "Cambridge Dictionaries Online – meaning of NIMBY". Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Oxford Dictionaries – definition of Nimby". Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  4. ↑ Axel-Lute, Miriam (2021-11-17). "What Is NIMBYism and How Do Affordable Housing Developers Respond to It?". Shelterforce (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-09-11.
  5. ↑ "Westlake council approves moratorium on manufactured homes in portion of city". 28 April 2022.
  6. ↑ "Fast rail critics 'rich nimbys'". BBC News (in Turanci). 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  7. ↑ "UC Berkeley forced to cap enrollment after NIMBY lawsuit". Morning Brew (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  8. ↑ Boyle, Kevin J.; Boatwright, Jessica; Brahma, Sreeya; Xu, Weibin (2019-08-01). "NIMBY, not, in siting community wind farms". Resource and Energy Economics. 57: 85–100. doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2019.04.004. ISSN 0928-7655. S2CID 159139028.
  9. ↑ "Eureka County, Nevada – Yucca Mountain.org". www.yuccamountain.org. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  10. ↑ "Nightclub music needs restricting to reduce noise pollution, say environmentalists". Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  11. ↑ Curbed (20 February 2014). "Hundreds Fret About Superscrapers' Shadows As Extell Rebuts". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  12. ↑ Millsap, Adam. "Cities Should Think Twice About Expanding Historic Districts". Forbes. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  13. ↑ Washington, Emily (23 December 2015). "Historic Preservation and Its Costs". www.city-journal.org. City-Journal. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Freishtat, Sarah (14 February 2022). "Are landmark districts linked to affordable housing and segregation? A Chicago lawsuit makes the connection, but a historic preservationist disputes it". www.chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  15. ↑ Foster, David; Warren, Joseph (2022). "The NIMBY problem". Journal of Theoretical Politics. 34: 145–172. doi:10.1177/09516298211044852.
  16. ↑ Sniatynski, Gillian (February–March 1980). "Hazardous Wastes". Environment Views. 2 (6): 5. The 'not in my back yard' syndrome is a compound of fears about health, safety, and environmental quality
  17. ↑ Spy, Word. "NIMBY – Word Spy". Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  18. ↑ Livezey, Emilie Travel (6 November 1980). "Hazardous waste". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  19. ↑ Maiorino, Al. (22 March 2011) "Do You Have Control Over NIMBYism?" Biomass Magazine
  20. ↑ Heywood, Andrew (March 1, 2015). "Short memories?". Housing Finance International (Spring 2015): 4–5. 2 – via Business Source Complete.
  21. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the "George Carlin on N.I.M.B.Y." YouTube. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2012. We {{sic}} got somethin' in this country (you've heard of it) – it's called NIMBY – n-i-m-b-y – Not In My BackYard!CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link): "George Carlin on N.I.M.B.Y." (video). YouTube. Retrieved 25 April 2012. We {{sic}} got somethin' in this country (you've heard of it) – it's called NIMBY – n-i-m-b-y – Not In My BackYard!
  22. ↑ Borell, Klas; Westermark, Åsa (31 October 2016). "Siting of human services facilities and the not in my back yard phenomenon: a critical research review". Community Development Journal. 53 (2): 246–262. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsw039.
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NYTimesTwilightOfTheNIMBY
  24. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/TamaracTalkFL (2023-05-24). "Shape the Future of Tamarac: Give Your Vision a Voice at Upcoming Workshops • Tamarac Talk". tamaractalk.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-27.
  25. ↑ You can't park here: it's my retreat, says ‘Nimby’ Clooney[permanent dead link] (The Times)
  26. ↑ Scharper, Diane (21 March 2010). "Ex-Sun author traces bigotry's role in shaping Baltimore". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2015-08-06. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NIMBY&oldid=530753"