ci(pre-commit): add a pre-commit job to CI

[iainsproat]

Description & motivation

This PR enforces the coding & repository standards we have defined via the pre-commit file.

Changes:

• adds a job to run pre-commit to circleci
• resolves an error with broken pre-commit packages by bumping pre-commit package versions using pre-commit autoupdate

To-do before merge:

• Fix all the linting issues this PR uncovered
  • Replicate locally
    1. Check out this PR's branch
    2. Install pre-commit (https://pre-commit.com/)
    3. Run pre-commit run --all-files

Screenshots:

Validation of changes:

Checklist:

• My pull request follows the guidelines in the Contributing guide?
• My pull request does not duplicate any other open Pull Requests for the same update/change?
• My commits are related to the pull request and do not amend unrelated code or documentation.
• My code follows a similar style to existing code.
• I have added appropriate tests.
• I have updated or added relevant documentation.

References