稽

See also: 乩

稽	U+7A3D, 稽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A3D

← 稼
[U+7A3C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

稾 →
[U+7A3E]

Translingual

Han character

稽 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈山日 (HDIUA), four-corner 2396₁, composition ⿰禾⿱尤旨)

Derived characters

𡃊, 𡓈, 𥗎, 𦪼, 𨯀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25218
Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2622, character 8
Unihan data for U+7A3D

Chinese

trad.		稽
simp. ^#		稽
2nd round simp.		𬓠
alternative forms		𥠻𥡞䭫䭬𩒨𥠻𥡞䭫䭬𩒨乩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 稽
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
稽	kiː, kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	ŋɡiːs, kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	kji, kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Originally 𩒨, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiː, *kʰiːʔ) : phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ) + semantic 頁 (“person's head”).

In the modern form it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiː, *kʰiːʔ) : semantic 𥝌 (“bent, stunted tree”) + semantic 尤 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kai¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke / khe / khoe / khé

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kai¹
  - Yale: kāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
  - Tâi-lô: ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
  - Tâi-lô: khe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
  - Tâi-lô: khue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé
  - Tâi-lô: khé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qea
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: kej

Rime
Character	稽
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古奚切
Baxter	kej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kei/
Pan Wuyun	/kei/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛj/
Li Rong	/kei/
Wang Li	/kiei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤij/

(Zhengzhang): /*kiː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稽	稽	稽
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	jī	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kej ›	‹ kej ›	‹ kej ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁij/	/*kˁij/	/*kˁij/
English	accord with	cultivate (field)	calculate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稽
Reading #	1/2
No.	17317
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	雞
Old Chinese	/*kiː/

Definitions

稽

(transitive) to examine; to investigate; to check
1. to recriminate; to argue; to dispute
(transitive, intransitive) to keep; to reserve
1. to delay; to procrastinate
(transitive) to reach
(transitive, intransitive) to suit; to correspond
to divine

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³
  - Yale: chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kai²
  - Yale: kái
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: khejX

Rime
Character	稽
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	康禮切
Baxter	khejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj^X/
Li Rong	/kʰei^X/
Wang Li	/kʰiei^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiei^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤijʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰiːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稽
Reading #	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khej^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁijʔ/
English	bow the head to the ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稽
Reading #	2/2
No.	17318
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	啓
Old Chinese	/*kʰiːʔ/

Definitions

稽

^† to kowtow; to bow to the ground

Compounds

References

“稽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

稽

(Jōyō kanji)

to think; to consider
to train; to practice

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
Kun: とどめる (todomeru, 稽める)、かんがえる (kangaeru, 稽える)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 稽 (MC kej|khejX). Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

稽

Wikisource

稽 (eumhun 상고할 계 (sanggohal gye))

hanja form^? of 계 (“to examine”)

Compounds

골계 (滑稽, golgye)
계류 (稽留, gyeryu)
계상 (稽顙, gyesang)
구계 (句稽, gugye)
계사 (稽査, gyesa)
황당무계 (荒唐無稽, hwangdangmugye)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

稽: Hán Nôm readings: kê, ghê, ghe, khẻ, khẽ, khể

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