壬

See also: 千, 王, and 𡈼

壬	U+58EC, 壬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EC

← 士
[U+58EB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

壭 →
[U+58ED]

Translingual

Han character

壬 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹土 (HG), four-corner 2010₄, composition ⿱丿士(GJKV) or ⿱一士(HT))

Derived characters

任, 𠰃, 妊, 廷, 𨑳, 𢗖, 𢪭, 𭯺, 狅, 𣐅, 𭷗, 祍, 䏕, 𥄮, 衽, 紝 (纴), 䚾, 𦔽, 軠, 鈓 (𬬯), 𭐺, 飪 (饪)
𫧺, 𠁪, 𫡖, 𫡘, 𧠒, 丢, 㸒, 𡔟, 𡴍, 𡔨, 𣈂, 𭰶, 𩂐, 𩬎, 𡅚, 𡔞, 𢇦, 𫊟, 𢧌, 𨳝
𰃧, 䨙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5639
Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 417, character 1
Unihan data for U+58EC

Chinese

trad.		壬
simp. ^#		壬
alternative forms		𡈼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壬
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (壬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
紝	nɯm, njɯm, *njɯms
鵀	nɯm, njɯm, *njɯms
拰	*nɯmʔ
賃	*nɯms
任	njɯm, njɯms
壬	l̥ʰeːŋʔ, njɯm
恁	njɯm, njɯmʔ
銋	njɯm, njɯmʔ
荏	*njɯmʔ
餁	*njɯmʔ
栠	*njɯmʔ
袵	*njɯmʔ
飪	*njɯmʔ
妊	*njɯms
衽	*njɯms

Pictogram (象形) : Possibly carrying pole with a point drawn in the middle, a meaning that was later transferred to 任 (rèn). As an alternative, it's a double-blade axe perhaps made of stone.

The pole is drawn like 工, however the two characters are unrelated; their correlation should belong to folk etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): rén (ren²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren²
Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngìm

(Hailu, HRS): ngim
Northern Min (KCR): ǐng
Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lîm / jîm / līm / jīm

(Teochew, Peng'im): rim⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rén
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rén
  - Wade–Giles: jên²
  - Yale: rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
  - Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ren²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zən²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jam⁴
  - Yale: yàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngim^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngim²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋim¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngim
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋim⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîm
  - Tâi-lô: lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liim
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lim²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîm
  - Tâi-lô: jîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jiim
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
  - Tâi-lô: līm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lim
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
  - Tâi-lô: jīm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jim
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rim⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zim³⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 壬
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐən³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʐən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʐən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʐẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʐẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʐə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/zən³¹/
	Guiyang	/zen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʐə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʐəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵin¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/iʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ian⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/in¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋim¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋim¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐm²¹/
	Nanning	/jɐm²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jɐm²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lim³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/iŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zim³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zim³¹/

Middle Chinese: nyim

Rime
Character	壬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如林切
Baxter	nyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵim/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵim/
Li Rong	/ȵiəm/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*njɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ nyim ›
Old Chinese	/*n[ə]m/
English	9th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壬
Reading #	2/2
No.	10809
Phonetic component	壬
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	任
Old Chinese	/*njɯm/
Notes	甲文作工，象機縷，爲紝初文，坙（經）字從之

Definitions

壬

the ninth of the ten heavenly stems
crafty; fawning
a surname
(Internet slang, derogatory) Eye dialect spelling of 人 (rén).

Coordinate terms

(Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁 (dīng), 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)}

Compounds

Descendants

→ Zhuang: nyaemz

References

“壬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Southern Min

“Entry #782”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

壬

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

ninth of the ten heavenly stems
ninth rank
1. something I

Readings

Go-on: にん (nin)
Kan-on: じん (jin)
Kun: みずのえ (mizunoe, 壬)^{←みづのえ (midunoe, 壬, historical)}
Nanori: つぐ (tsugu)、みず (mizu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
壬
じん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

壬

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 壬 (nyim).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じん [jíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑĩɴ]

Homophones: ジン, 人, 刃, 仁, 沈, 陣, 尋, 塵

Proper noun

壬(じん) • (Jin)

the ninth of the ten heavenly stems; something I
Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
壬
みずのえ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みずのえ [mìzúnóꜜè] (Nakadaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [mʲizɨno̞e̞]

Proper noun

壬(みずのえ) • (Mizunoe) ^{←みづのえ (Midunoe)^?}

the ninth of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean

Hanja

壬 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

壬: Hán Nôm readings: nhăm, nhám, nhằm, nhâm, râm, nhẹm

chữ Hán form of Nhâm (“ninth of the ten heavenly stems”).
Hypernyms: 天干, 十干

Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds