Wiktionary

所以

Chinese

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actually; place; (nominalization prefix)
to use; according to; so as to
to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)
 
trad. (所以) 所 以
simp. #(所以) 所 以

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 所 以
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 踈舉切 羊己切
Baxter srjoX yiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃɨʌX/ /jɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃiɔX/ /jɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiɔX/ /ieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂɨə̆X/ /jɨX/
Li
Rong 		/ʃiɔX/ /iəX/
Wang
Li 		/ʃĭoX/ /jĭəX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂi̯woX/ /iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǔ yǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		so2 ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 所 以
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suǒ yǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srjoX › ‹ yiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-qʰ<r>aʔ/ /*ləʔ/
English place (n.); that which take, use

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 所 以
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5306 14929
Phonetic
component 		戸 以
Rime
group 		魚 之
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		所 以
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰraʔ/ /*lɯʔ/

Conjunction

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所以

  1. therefore; so; consequently
    明天要考試了，所以我今天只能留在家裡複習功課。 [MSC, trad.]
    明天要考试了，所以我今天只能留在家里复习功课。 [MSC, simp.]
    Míngtiān yào kǎoshì le, suǒyǐ wǒ jīntiān zhǐ néng liú zài jiālǐ fùxí gōngkè. [Pinyin]
    I have a test tomorrow, so I have to stay at home today and review my homework.
    他是南方人，所以一張口說話就帶有南方口音。 [MSC, trad.]
    他是南方人，所以一张口说话就带有南方口音。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì nánfāngrén, suǒyǐ yī zhāngkǒu shuōhuà jiù dàiyǒu nánfāng kǒuyīn. [Pinyin]
    He is from the South, so when he opens his mouth to speak, you can hear his Southern accent.
    今天是你奶奶的生辰，所以你非來不可。 [MSC, trad.]
    今天是你奶奶的生辰，所以你非来不可。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīntiān shì nǐ nǎinai de shēngchén, suǒyǐ nǐ fēi lái bùkě. [Pinyin]
    It's your grandma's birthday today, so you've got to attend.
  2. Used in the first part of a sentence to indicate a reason that will be explained in the second part of the sentence.
    我所以要反對這個計畫，是因為我覺得其中有不少疏漏。 [MSC, trad.]
    我所以要反对这个计画，是因为我觉得其中有不少疏漏。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ suǒyǐ yào fǎnduì zhège jìhuà, shì yīnwèi wǒ juéde qízhōng yǒu bùshào shūlòu. [Pinyin]
    My reason for opposing this plan, is because I feel that there are quite a few holes in it.

Synonyms

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  • (therefore):
Dialectal synonyms of 所以 (“so; therefore”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 是以, 是故, 故, 以, 以是, 以故
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 所以, 因此, 因而, 故, 故此, 故而
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 所以
Singapore 所以
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 所以
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 所以
Cantonese Guangzhou 所以, 故此
Hong Kong 所以
Singapore (Guangfu) 所以
Gan Nanchang 故是
Hakka Meixian 所以, 故此
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 故所, 所以
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 故所, 所以, 故所以
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 所以
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 所以
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 所以, 故所
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 所以
Huizhou Jixi 所以上
Northern Min Jian'ou 故此
Eastern Min Fuzhou 故此
Southern Min Xiamen 所以
Quanzhou 所以
Zhangzhou 所以
Tainan 所以
Penang (Hokkien) 所以
Singapore (Hokkien) 所以
Manila (Hokkien) 所以
Wenchang 所以
Wu Shanghai 所以, 咾, 葛咾, 因此, 故所以 dated, 故而 dated, 所以緣故 dated, 為此緣故 dated, 因此緣故 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 故所以
Xiang Loudi 故所以

Pronoun

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所以

  1. (literary) the means (literally, "what one uses") by which; how
  2. (literary) the manner in which; how
  3. (literary) the reason why; why
    所以然  ―  suǒyǐrán  ―  the reason why it is what it is
    之所以  ―  zhīsuǒyǐ  ―  the reason why (chiefly used between subject and predicate)

Noun

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所以

  1. (literary) proper behaviour; manners
    忘乎所以  ―  wànghūsuǒyǐ  ―  to lose self-control (literally, "to forget how one should conduct oneself")

Derived terms

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References

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  • 蔡俊明 [Cai Junming], editor (1991), “所以 so˥˧꜔꜒ i~˥˧꜕꜖”, in 潮州方言詞滙／潮州方言词滙 (Cháozhōu fāngyán cíhuì), 香港 [Hong Kong]: 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 [The Chinese University of Hong Kong]

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
所 以
ゆえん
Grade: 3 Grade: 4
jukujikun

Etymology

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Shift from ゆえになり (yue ni nari) → ゆえんなり (yue n nari) → ゆえん (yue-n). See 故 (yue).[1][2][3] The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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所以(ゆえん) • (yuen) ←ゆゑん (yuwen)?

  1. reason, grounds

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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