DNA 테스트 미라 목록

이것은 미라를 포함한 고대 인간 유골의 목록으로, DNA 검사를 받았을 수도 있다. 시험의 증거로 제시되는 것은 미토콘드리아 DNA 시퀀스 및/또는 각 사례가 할당된 인간 하플로그룹에 대한 연결이다. 그들이 언제 어디서 살았는지에 대한 간단한 설명도 제공된다.^{[according to whom?]} 인용문이 없는 출품작들은 회의적으로 보아야 한다. 특히 인용문이 있는 순서가 없거나 집단의 연계가 없는 경우, 출품 근거가 없다.

mtDNA 테스트

다음 미라는 표시된 위치에서 표시된 이름과 함께 mtDNA(mitochondrial dna) 검사를 받았다.^{[citation needed]}

이름	원래 위치 유골의	다테 라이브 (몇 년 전)	미토콘드리아 DNA 염기서	MTDNA 하플로그룹	Y-DNA 해플로그룹
파글리치 23	이탈리아	28,000^[1]	CRS ^[2]	H^{[필요하다]}
파글리치 25	이탈리아	23,000^[3]	7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A ^[4]	HV^[4]
TAF009 TAF010 TAF011 TAF012 TAF013 TAF014 TAF015	모로코	15,100-13,900^[5] 15,100-13,900^[5] 15,100-13,900^[5] 15,100-13,900^[5] 15,100-13,900^[5] 15,100-13,900^[5] 15,100-13,900^[5]		U6a6b^[5] U6a7b^[5] U6a7^[5] U6a7^[5] U6a7b^[5] M1b^[5] U6a1b^[5]	E1b1b1a1b1b1^[5] E1b1b1a1^[5] E1b1b1a1^[5] 해당^[5] 없음 E1b1b1a1^[5] E1b1b1a1^[5] E1b1b^[5]
체다 맨	잉글랜드	>9,000^{[citation needed]}	16192T,^{[citation needed]} 16270T^{[citation needed]}	U5b1^[6]	I2-L38(I2a2)^[7]
아이스맨 외트지	오스트리아/이탈리아	5,300 ^[8]		K.^[9]^[10]	G2a2b^[11]
나크트안크	이집트	4,000^[12]		M1a1^[12]
크눔나크트	이집트	4,000^[12]		M1a1^[12]
드제후티나흐트 (10A)	이집트	4,000^[13]		U5b2b5^[13]
티예 왕후	이집트	3,390^[14]		K^[14]
JK2134 JK2911 JK2888 JK2887	이집트	2,776^[15] 2,769^[15] 2,097^[15] 3,388^[15]		J1d^[15] M1a1^[15] U6a2^[15] J2a1a1a1^[15]	J1^[15] J2^[15] E1b1b^[15]
텔샤두드 가나안 사람 노벨맨	이스라엘	3,300^[16]			R1b^[16]
텔샤두드 시료 L126	이스라엘	3,300^[16]		하플로그룹 I5a1^[16]	J^[16]
투탄카문	이집트	3,342^[14]		K^[14]	R1b^[14]
라메세스 3세	이집트	3,200^[17]			E1b1a^[18]
펜타워	이집트	3,200^[17]			E1b1a^[18]
타카부티	이집트	2,600^[19]		H4a1^[19]
OM:KMM A 64 YM:KM A 63	이집트	2,320^[20] 2,300^[20]		T2c1a^[20] HV^[20]
노리치 앵글로색슨	잉글랜드	1,000^{[citation needed]}	16189A,^{[citation needed]} 16223T,^{[citation needed]} 16271C,^{[citation needed]} 16278T^{[citation needed]}	X^{[필요하다]}
얼음 처녀 후아니타	페루	500^{[citation needed]}	16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A^[21]	A^{[필요하다]}
바이르사의 청년	튀니지	기원전 6세기 후반		U5b2c1^[22]
500세 잉카 아이	아르헨티나	500^[23]		C1b^[23]

DNA 검사

다음 미라들은 표시된 위치에서 표시된 이름과 함께 DNA 검사를 받았다.^{[citation needed]}

이름	원래 위치 유골의	다테 라이브 (몇 년 전)	DNA 서열
투야	이집트	3,390	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
유야	이집트	3,390	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
티예 (Elder Lady KV35)	이집트	3,370	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
아멘호테프 3세	이집트	3,370	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
KV55 미라	이집트	3,350	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
KV35 영부인	이집트	3,390	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
투탄카문	이집트	3,340	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
KV21 미라 A	이집트	3,340	D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
KV21 미라 B	이집트	3,340	D13S317, D2S1338, D16S539, CSF1PO ^[24]
KV62 태아 1	이집트	3,340	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]
KV62 태아 2	이집트	3,340	D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11, D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA ^[24]

참고 항목

참조

^ Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
^ Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2700. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2700C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. PMC 2444030. PMID 18628960.
^ Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 50 (2): 127–148.
^ ^a ^b Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS. 100 (11): 6593–6597. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492. PMID 12743370.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u van de Loosdrecht; et al. (2018-03-15). "Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations". Science. 360 (6388): 548–552. Bibcode:2018Sci...360..548V. doi:10.1126/science.aar8380. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29545507.
^ Brace, Selina; et al. (18 February 2018). "Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain". bioRxiv 10.1101/267443.
^ Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". arXiv:1502.02783. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. bioRxiv 10.1101/013433. doi:10.1038/nature14317.
^ Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS ¹⁴
C
Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man" (PDF). Radiocarbon. 36 (2): 247–250. doi:10.1017/s0033822200040534. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology. 18 (21): 1687–93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028. PMID 18976917. S2CID 13983702.
^ Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics. 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29. PMC 2717998. PMID 19545382.
^ Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications. 3: 698. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..698K. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701. PMID 22426219.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 고대 DNA 결과는 4,000년 된 이집트 미라 미스터리를 끝냈다.
^ ^a ^b Loreille, Odile; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bazinet, Adam L.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Sommer, Daniel D.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Skoglund, Pontus; Onorato, Anthony J.; Bergman, Nicholas H. (March 2018). "Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens". Genes. 9 (3): 135. doi:10.3390/genes9030135. PMC 5867856. PMID 29494531.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gad, Yehia Z; Hassan, Naglaa Abu-Mandil; Mousa, Dalia M; Fouad, Fayrouz A; El-Sayed, Safaa G; Abdelazeem, Marwa A; Mahdy, Samah M; Othman, Hend Y; Ibrahim, Dina W; Khairat, Rabab; Ismail, Somaia (2020-10-15). "Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship". Human Molecular Genetics. 30 (R1): R24–R28. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa223. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 33059357.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara (2017-05-30). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Tel Shadud의 가나안 사람 Levantine R1b?
^ ^a ^b "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. hdl:10072/62081. PMID 23247979. S2CID 206896841. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed". Shocking truth behind Takabuti’s death revealed. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Oras, Ester; Anderson, Jaanika; Tõrv, Mari; Vahur, Signe; Rammo, Riina; Remmer, Sünne; Mölder, Maarja; Malve, Martin; Saag, Lehti; Saage, Ragnar; Teearu-Ojakäär, Anu (2020-01-16). "Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)". PLOS ONE. 15 (1): e0227446. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527446O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227446. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6964855. PMID 31945091.
^ "Ancient DNA". www.isogg.org. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 14 May 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ Matisoo-Smith EA, Gosling AL, Boocock J, Kardailsky O, Kurumilian Y, Roudesli-Chebbi S, et al. (May 25, 2016). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0155046. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1155046M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155046. PMC 4880306. PMID 27224451.
^ ^a ^b Gómez-Carballa A, Catelli L, Pardo-Seco J, et al. (November 12, 2015). "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Sci Rep. 5: 16462. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516462G. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMC 4642457. PMID 26561991.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Y. Z.; Ismail, S.; Khairat, R.; Fathalla, D.; Hasan, N.; Ahmed, A.; Elleithy, H.; Ball, M.; Gaballah, F.; Wasef, S.; Fateen, M.; Amer, H.; Gostner, P.; Selim, A.; Zink, A.; Pusch, C. M. (2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". JAMA. 303 (7): 638–47. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121. PMID 20159872.

추가 읽기

Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen (August 3, 2005). "Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (10): 1106–1112. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476. PMID 16077732.
브라이언 사이크스의 '이브의 일곱 딸'^{[clarification needed]}^{[full citation needed]}^{[pages needed]}

외부 링크

[1] Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.

[2] Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2700. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2700C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. PMC 2444030. PMID 18628960.

[3] Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 50 (2): 127–148.

[Caramelli_et_al-4] Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS. 100 (11): 6593–6597. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492. PMID 12743370.

[van_de_Loosdrecht_2018-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u van de Loosdrecht; et al. (2018-03-15). "Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations". Science. 360 (6388): 548–552. Bibcode:2018Sci...360..548V. doi:10.1126/science.aar8380. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29545507.

[6] Brace, Selina; et al. (18 February 2018). "Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain". bioRxiv 10.1101/267443.

[Haak-7] Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". arXiv:1502.02783. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. bioRxiv 10.1101/013433. doi:10.1038/nature14317.

[radiocarbondating-8] Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS ¹⁴
C
Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man" (PDF). Radiocarbon. 36 (2): 247–250. doi:10.1017/s0033822200040534. Retrieved February 4, 2016.

[9] Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology. 18 (21): 1687–93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028. PMID 18976917. S2CID 13983702.

[10] Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics. 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29. PMC 2717998. PMID 19545382.

[11] Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications. 3: 698. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..698K. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701. PMID 22426219.

[phys.org-12] 고대 DNA 결과는 4,000년 된 이집트 미라 미스터리를 끝냈다.

[Loreille_135-13] Loreille, Odile; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bazinet, Adam L.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Sommer, Daniel D.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Skoglund, Pontus; Onorato, Anthony J.; Bergman, Nicholas H. (March 2018). "Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens". Genes. 9 (3): 135. doi:10.3390/genes9030135. PMC 5867856. PMID 29494531.

[:3-14] Gad, Yehia Z; Hassan, Naglaa Abu-Mandil; Mousa, Dalia M; Fouad, Fayrouz A; El-Sayed, Safaa G; Abdelazeem, Marwa A; Mahdy, Samah M; Othman, Hend Y; Ibrahim, Dina W; Khairat, Rabab; Ismail, Somaia (2020-10-15). "Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship". Human Molecular Genetics. 30 (R1): R24–R28. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa223. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 33059357.

[:0-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara (2017-05-30). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.

[kadmatdna.co.il-16] Tel Shadud의 가나안 사람 Levantine R1b?

[coup-17] "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.

[hawass-18] Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. hdl:10072/62081. PMID 23247979. S2CID 206896841. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

[:2-19] "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed". Shocking truth behind Takabuti’s death revealed. Retrieved 2020-01-29.

[:1-20] Oras, Ester; Anderson, Jaanika; Tõrv, Mari; Vahur, Signe; Rammo, Riina; Remmer, Sünne; Mölder, Maarja; Malve, Martin; Saag, Lehti; Saage, Ragnar; Teearu-Ojakäär, Anu (2020-01-16). "Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)". PLOS ONE. 15 (1): e0227446. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527446O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227446. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6964855. PMID 31945091.

[21] "Ancient DNA". www.isogg.org. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 14 May 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

[22] Matisoo-Smith EA, Gosling AL, Boocock J, Kardailsky O, Kurumilian Y, Roudesli-Chebbi S, et al. (May 25, 2016). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0155046. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1155046M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155046. PMC 4880306. PMID 27224451.

[inca-23] Gómez-Carballa A, Catelli L, Pardo-Seco J, et al. (November 12, 2015). "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Sci Rep. 5: 16462. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516462G. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMC 4642457. PMID 26561991.

[TutDNA-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Y. Z.; Ismail, S.; Khairat, R.; Fathalla, D.; Hasan, N.; Ahmed, A.; Elleithy, H.; Ball, M.; Gaballah, F.; Wasef, S.; Fateen, M.; Amer, H.; Gostner, P.; Selim, A.; Zink, A.; Pusch, C. M. (2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". JAMA. 303 (7): 638–47. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121. PMID 20159872.

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