โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Sulfur
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะกั–ั€ะบะฐ
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ็กซ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Zwavel
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Soufre
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Schwefel
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Solfo
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ็กซ้ป„
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Enxofre
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Azufre
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Svavel
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะกะตั€ะฐ

Sulfur - 16S: radii of atoms and ions

One measure of size is the element-element distance within the element. It is not always easy to make sensible comparisons between the elements however as some bonds are quite short because of multiple bonding (for instance the O=O distance in O2 is short because of the the double bond connecting the two atoms. The bond length in SS is: 205pm.

There are several other ways ways to define radius for atoms and ions. Follow the appropriate hyperlinks for literature references and definitions of each type of radius. All values of radii are given in picometres (pm). Conversion factors are:

  • 1 pm = 1 × 10‑12 metre (meter)
  • 100 pm = 1 Ångstrom
  • 1000 pm = 1 nanometre (nm, nanometer)

Neutral radii

The size of neutral atoms depends upon the way in which the measurement is made and the environment. Follow the appropriate hyperlinks for definitions of each radius type. The term "atomic radius" is not particularly helpful although its use is widespread. The problem is its meaning, which is clearly very different in different sources and books. Two values are given here, one is based upon calculations and the other upon observation - follow the appropriate link for further details.

Radius type Radius value / pm Periodicity link
Atomic radius (empirical) 100 empirical atomic radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Atomic radius (calculated) 88 Atomic radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Covalent radius (2008 values) 105 2008 values of covalent radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Molecular single bond covalent radius 103 (coordination number 2) Molecular single bond covalent radii of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Molecular double bond covalent radius 94 Molecular double bond covalent radii of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Molecular triple bond covalent radius 95 Molecular triple bond covalent radii of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Covalent radius (empirical) 102 covalent radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
van der Waals radius 189 Van der Waals' radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Image showing periodicity for atomic radius for the chemical elements as size-coded balls on a periodic table grid.
Image showing periodicity of atomic radius for the chemical elements as size-coded balls on a periodic table grid.
Image showing periodicity of single bond covalent radius for the chemical elements as size-coded balls on a periodic table grid.
Image showing periodicity of single bond covalent radius for the chemical elements as size-coded balls on a periodic table grid.

Valence shell orbital radii

The following are calculated values of valence shell orbital radii, Rmax

Table: valence shell orbital radii for sulfur.
Orbital Radius [/pm] Radius [/AU] Periodicity link
s orbital 75.1 1.41911 s-orbital radius radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
p orbital 85.5 1.61545 p-orbital radius radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
d orbital - - d-orbital radius radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
f orbital - - f-orbital radius radius of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
Image showing periodicity of valence s-orbital radius for the chemical elements as size-coded balls on a periodic table grid.
Image showing periodicity of valence s-orbital radius for the chemical elements as size-coded balls on a periodic table grid.

References

The Rmax values for neutral gaseous element valence orbitals are abstracted from reference 1.

  1. J.B. Mann, Atomic Structure Calculations II. Hartree-Fock wave functions and radial expectation values: hydrogen to lawrencium, LA-3691, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, USA, 1968.

Ionic radii

This table gives some ionic radii. In this table, geometry refers to the arrangment of the ion's nearest neighbours. Size does depend upon geometry and environment. For electronic configurations, where it matters, the values given for octahedral species are low spin unless stated to be high spin. The terms low spin and high spin refer to the electronic configurations of particular geomtries of certain d-block metal ions. Further information is available in inorganic chemistry textbooks, usually at Level 1 or First Year University level. For definitions of ionic radius and further information, follow the hypertext link.

Ion Coordination type Radius / pm Periodicity link
S(VI)4-coordinate, tetrahedral26Ionic radius for tetrahedral +6 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
S(IV)6-coordinate, octahedral51
S(VI)6-coordinate, octahedral43Ionic radius for octahedral +6 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table

Pauling ionic radii

This table shows Pauling radii for sulfur
Ion Pauling radius / pm Periodicity link
S(I) 53 Pauling radius for +1 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
S(VI)29Pauling radius for +6 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
S(-I)219Pauling radius for -1 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table
S(-II)184Pauling radius for -2 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table