monoecious

The site of occurrence of the study species (i.e., the understory), their herbaceous habit, monoecy, long-lived coenanthia with numerous small flowers, protogyny, and pollen as floral resource are all traits that indicate the occurrence of interactions between these plants and small pollinators from the inner forest.

Recently escaped plants are occasionally monoecious, but monoecy is associated with inbreeding depression, and is therefore very rare in wild C.

Dioecy and monoecy in the flora of Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands: ecological correlates.

Genus Floral sex/Breeding system References Tillandsia Hermaphrodite/ Xenogamy, Gilmartin & Brown, Cleistogamy 1985; Gardner, 1986 Hechtia, Dyckia, Unisexual, bisexual/ Benzing, 2000; Cottendorfia, Polygamomonoecy, monoecy, Lenz, 1995; Lindmania xenogamy Ramirez et al., 2000 Cryptanthus Hermaphrodite, unisexual/ Ramirez, 1996 andromonoecy, xenogamy Pitcarinia Hermaphodite/self Wendt et al., 2001 compatibility, autogamy, xenogamy Table II.

2000) via monoecy (Renner and Ricklefs 1995) or possibly involving transient intermediates such as gynodioecy (Weiblen et al.

Monoecy prevents intraflower self-pollination but does not necessarily prevent intraindividual self-pollination (Charlesworth, 2002).

The ruderal Mercurialis annua is another dioecious species in which self-compatible bisexuality (monoecy) has evolved in regions where selection for reproductive assurance is highest (Pannell 1997a).

Mature trees (basal diameter [approximately]15 cm) of the species produce unisexual catkins (typical monoecy) and flower from April to May in the study area.

In general terms, monoecy is a common floral strategy in tropical forests.

Monoecy is a fairly common sexual system among plants of the Euphorbiaceae family, in particular the genera Euphorbia, Cnidosculus, Croton and Jatropha (Bullock, 1985).