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to follow when lifting and moving loads by crane

Rules to follow when lifting and moving

loads by crane
Table of Contents
1. A simple rule of thumb for a good safe working angle
1.1. Rules for Using Multi-legged slings
1.2. Limitation of the use of two leg slings
2. Precautions for direct hoisting
3. Issues that need attention in general handling
4. Lifting protection when using a crane Privacy - Terms

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3/18/24, 3:00 PM Rules to follow when lifting and moving loads by crane - Excellent overhead crane supplier from China
4.1. Precautions for Using Basket Hitch
4.2. Precautions for lifting plasterboard board by crane
4.3. Precautions for lifting structural steel by crane
4.4. Precautions for lifting loose parts by crane
4.5. Precautions for crane hoisting rubbish bins
4.6. Precautions for crane handling steel plate
4.6.1. Lifting horizontally
4.7. Precautions for using pallets for cranes
4.8. Precautions for crane placing concrete
4.9. Precautions for crane turning over loads
4.10. How to secure loads and tag lines with bends and hitches

A simple rule of thumb for a good safe working

angle
Make sure the horizontal distance between the points of attachment of the load does not exceed the
length of the slings. This will ensure the angle between the two legs of the sling does not exceed 60°.

Rules for Using Multi-legged slings

The recommended maximum angle between the two
legs of a sling is 90°.

The recommended maximum angle between the

vertical and any leg of a sling is 45°.

When slinging a rigid object with a multi-legged sling

it must be assumed that only two of the sling legs
are taking the load. Additional legs do not increase
the SWL of the sling assembly.

Limitation of the use of two leg

slings
The maximum angle (a) between legs of slings should not exceed the following:

45° where the slings are wrapped once around the load

60° where the slings are wrapped twice around the load

120° where the slings are wrapped around the load and prevented from slipping inwards.

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The SWL of a multi-legged sling assembly is assessed on the diagonally opposite legs.

Where an object is flexible and the load is evenly distributed make sure that each leg takes an
even share of the load.

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Be careful when lifting irregular shaped objects – it is possible that only one leg of the sling is taking
the whole load.

The larger the angle from the vertical made by slings on a hook (https://www.craneyt.com/what-is-
crane-hook.html) the more likely the slings eye is to slip off the point of the bill.

In this case, put the eyes into a 'bow' shackle large enough so that they do not jam. Make sure that the
shackle pin is resting on the hook.

Precautions for direct hoisting

It is the duty of a dogger to direct the crane operator to position the head of the jib or the lifting
assembly directly over the load.

Always lift vertically. If the hook is not directly over the load, the load will begin to swing dangerously
as soon as it is raised. Dragging a load can put undue strain on the lifting gear and crane boom
especially if the load is dragged from the side.

Issues that need attention in general handling

Machinery, plant, personnel boxes, material safety boxes and fuel containers with lifting lugs, must
have the SWL clearly marked. All loads delivered to a site that could be hazardous should be strapped
or wrapped.
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Caution: Many serious accidents occur as strapping, wrapping or loading binding chains are removed.

For example:

Sheets of plywood should be wrapped to prevent the wind picking up individual sheets. (Strapping can damage
them).

Loads of pipe, metal or timber should be strapped before lifting.

Spreaders are recommended for lifting lengths of timber, pipe or steel. If a spreader is not available,
double wrap the sling around the load before lifting.

Do not bash the eye of a sling down at the nip point. This practice will decrease the SWL and damage
the sling.

Lifting protection when using a crane

Use packing or lagging to prevent the sling from coming into contact with sharp edges. This
will lengthen the life of the sling.

When using synthetic lifting slings, packing should be used for all loads.

Make sure that packing or lagging is secure so that it will not fall out when the slings go slack. Before
lifting a load make sure that it is not caught or trapped in some way.

Precautions for Using Basket Hitch

Basket hitches should not be used where people may be located near a lifted load, unless the sling
is positively restrained from sliding along the load.

Precautions for lifting plasterboard board by crane

Sheets of plasterboard may be lifted in a specifically designed material box.

If a material box is not used, then the lifting system must:

be certified by an engineer

specify the minimum and maximum number of sheets

specify the number and locations of lifting slings

specify the capacity of lifting slings.

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Precautions for lifting structural steel by crane

Loads of structural steel (universal beams, RSJ’s) on trucks must have restraining spikes fitted in the
truck to prevent them from falling out. Removing the securing chains or straps if there are no
restraining spikes in place is very dangerous.

Structural steel can be very dangerous. When a load arrives on site, walk around the truck and check
that the steel has not shifted into a dangerous position. Many serious accidents occur as load binding
chains are removed from steel beams.

Deep beams that are narrower in width than height are unstable and can inflict severe injuries.

Always lift bundles of steel level. Do not lift vertically or at an angle. It is not possible to make the
inside lengths of steel in a bundle tight enough to prevent them falling out if the bundle is at an angle.

Steel can kill if it falls.

As a load of steel is lifted keep hands well away. Steel sections tend to snap together or roll up as the
sling bites into the nip.

Precautions for lifting loose parts by crane

Loads of loose items such as scaffold clips must be raised in properly constructed boxes branded with
the SWL.

Materials should not be stacked higher than the side of the material box unless they are adequately
secured, but at no time should the material box become top heavy.

Do not lift loads of this kind in 200 litre drums because:

These drums have no rated lifting capacity.

It is not possible to know the condition of the base of the drum. (They have usually been discarded because they
are unfit to hold liquid).

The holes cut into the sides for the sling or hooks often pull through under the weight.

The sharp edges of the holes can cut through a sling.

Precautions for crane hoisting rubbish bins

Rubbish bins should have proper lifting lugs and be branded with the SWL. Rubbish bins that are
overloaded must not be lifted. Where rubbish can be blown out or spill from a bin, secure the load
before lifting, especially in windy conditions.

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Sling rubbish bins with a four-legged sling. To tip the bin, release the two front slings and raise the bin
with the two back slings.

Do not stand behind a bin when tipping rubbish out. It could whip back suddenly as it clears the
ground.

Precautions for crane handling steel plate

Steel plate can be lifted with:

plate clamps that are designed to increase the purchase on the plate as the plate is lifted

Note: plate clamps should never be used to lift loads over people.

hooks or shackles where there are lifting holes in the plate.

Do not use home-made type plate clamps or plate dogs.

Remember that steel plate can injure or kill.

Use a spreader beam if the angle between the legs of a sling is likely to be more than 60°.

Steel plate can be lifted vertically or

horizontally.

Lifting horizontally
It is recommended that a minimum of four plate clamps and a spreader beam are used for lifting steel
plate horizontally. For horizontal lifts, use appropriate plate clamps. Use a spreader beam for long
thin plates to prevent dangerous flapping, sagging and vibration.

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Lifting vertically

Use an appropriate plate clamp where a sling cannot be attached and there is no lifting hole. An
example is the dished and flanged end-plate for a pressure vessel.

Note: It can be difficult to remove or attach a sling where plate is stored vertically in a rack or is to be
fed into bending rolls.

As a plate touches the ground and the tension is released from the slings, a single hook can come out
of the hole causing the plate to fall. To prevent this, lift with a hook through a ring that is attached to a
short length of chain shackled to an approved plate clamp.

Always make sure that the tension remains in the slings until the plate is in place.

Precautions for using pallets for cranes

wide variety of loads are delivered on pallets. Before a paletted load is lifted check that the:

pallet is in good condition

load is secured so that nothing can fall off

load is properly slung. The SWL of a standard hardwood pallet is 2000 kg.

The SWL can be dramatically reduced if there are any missing boards or any other defects.

Note: some pallets are designed for packaging notlifting.

To lift a load on a damaged pallet, raise the load and pallet to reposition onto an undamaged pallet.
Then lower the load and sling properly before lifting and moving the load to the desired place.

If no spare undamaged pallets are available, do not lift the load; send it back to the supplier to be
repaletted.

Always raise paletted bricks inside a brick cage to prevent loose bricks falling.

Precautions for crane placing concrete

When placing concrete from a kibble into formwork, spread the flow out. Dumping the whole load in
one spot can overload the formwork, especially if it is also taking the weight of workers and vibrating
equipment. Formwork is only designed to take concrete spread out evenly over the whole area.

Make sure that the concrete is poured gradually. The sudden release of concrete from a kibble
attached to a mobile or tower crane can cause a 'whip back' causing the kibble to bounce dangerously.

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Precautions for crane turning over loads

When turning over a load such as a steel beam, the sling must be attached to the hook on the side of
the load that is to be lifted. This will ensure that it is raised on a diagonal through the centre of gravity.
It is then a simple matter to lower the lifting medium turning the load over in a safe and controlled
manner.

Sling the load so that when the load is lowered, the nip will pull against the eye.

A long narrow load such as a steel beam ( has a high centre of gravity and a narrow when it is standing
on its flange. If a dogger nips the sling incorrectly to turn the beam (or any other load) it will flop,
topple over an possibly break the slings.

Turning over a steel bin

How to secure loads and tag lines with bends and hitches
Learn those described and illustrated below.

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