CBSE 2023 EXAMINATIONS

XII MATHEMATICS (041)

Series EF1GH/5 ♦ Q.P. Code 65/5/1; 65/5/2; 65/5/3
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Time Allowed : 180 Minutes Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. This Question paper contains five sections - A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason (A-R) based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 05 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 06 questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 04 questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 03 Case-study / Source-based / Passage-based questions with sub-parts (4
marks each).
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in
 02 Questions of Section B
 03 Questions of Section C
 02 Questions of Section D
 02 Questions of Section E
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

 Q.P. Code - 65/5/1

SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
01. Let A  {3, 5}. Then number of reflexive relations on A is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 8
2(2 1)
Sol. (b) Since n(A)  2 so, the no. of reflexive relations on A  2  22  4 .
  1 
02. sin   sin 1    is equal to
3  2 
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4
  1     
Sol. (a) sin   sin 1     sin     sin  1 .
3  2   3 6 2
03. If for a square matrix A, A 2  A  I  O, then A 1 equals
(a) A (b) A  I (c) I  A (d) A  I
1 1 2 1
Sol. (c) Pre-multiplying by A both sides, we get A (A  A  I)  A O
 A 1A A  A 1A  A 1I  O
 I A  I  A  1  O  A  A 1  I
 A 1  I  A .
1 0   x 0
04. If A    , B  and A  B2 , then x equals
2 1  1 1
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
 1 0   x 0   x 0
Sol. (c) As A  B2 so,    
 2 1   1 1  1 1

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1 0   x 2 0 
  
2 1  x  1 1 
By equality of matrices, we get x 2  1, 2  x  1  x  1, x  1
x 1.
 3 4
05. If 1 2 1  0, then the value of  is
1 4 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Sol. (d) On expanding the determinant along first row, ( 2)  3(0)  4(2)  0   4 .
06. The derivative of x 2x w.r.t. x is
(a) x 2x 1 (b) 2x 2x log x (c) 2x 2x (1  log x) (d) 2x 2x (1  log x)
2x
Sol. (c) Let y  x 2x  e log x  e 2x log x
dy  1 
  e 2x log x   2x   log x  2 
dx  x 
dy
  2 x 2x  1  log x  .
dx
07. The function f (x)  [x], where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is
continuous at
(a) x  1 (b) x  1.5 (c) x  2 (d) x  4
Sol. (b) The greatest integer function f (x)  [x] is continuous only at all non-integral values of x.
d2x
08. If x  A cos 4t  Bsin 4t, then is equal to
dt 2
(a) x (b) x (c) 16x (d) 16x
Sol. (d) x  A cos 4t  Bsin 4t
dx d2 x
  4A sin 4t  4Bcos 4t  2  16A cos 4t  16Bsin 4t  16x .
dt dt
09. The interval in which the function f (x)  2 x 3  9x 2  12x  1 is decreasing, is
(a) ( 1, ) (b) (2,  1) (c) ( ,  2) (d) [1, 1]
2 2
Sol. (b) On differentiating, f (x)  6 x  18x  12  6(x  3x  2)  6(x  1)(x  2)
For f (x)  0, 6(x  1)(x  2)  0  x  1,  2 .
Since f (x)  0 in  (2,  1) so, f (x) is decreasing in (2,  1) .
sec x
10.  sec x  tan x dx equals
(a) sec x  tan x  c (b) sec x  tan x  c
(c) tan x  sec x  c (d) (sec x  tan x)  c
sec x sec x sec x  tan x sec2 x  sec x tan x
Sol. (b)  sec x  tan x dx  
 sec x  tan x sec x  tan x dx   sec2 x  tan 2 x dx
  (sec 2 x  sec x tan x) dx  tan x  sec x  c .
1
x2
11.  dx , x  2 is equal to
1
x  2
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2

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1 1 1
x2 (x  2) 1
Sol. (d) 
1 x2
dx  1 x  2 dx  1 1dx    x 1    (1)  (1)  2 .
3
d   dy  
12. The sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation     0 is
dx   dx  
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 0
2 2
 dy  d y
Sol. (b) Re-writing the D.E., 3    2  0 .
 dx  dx
So, order of D.E. is 2 and degree is 1. Required sum is 3.
Note : There was an error in this question, which we have corrected.
 
13. Two vectors a  a1 i  a 2 j  a 3 k and b  b1 i  b 2 j  b3 k are collinear if
a a a
(a) a1b1  a 2 b 2  a 3b3  0 (b) 1  2  3
b1 b2 b3
(c) a1  b1 , a 2  b 2 , a 3  b3 (d) a1  a 2  a 3  b1  b2  b3
a a a
Sol. (b) The d.r.’s of collinear / parallel vectors are proportional so, 1  2  3 .
b1 b2 b3
14. The magnitude of the vector 6i  2j  3k is
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 12
Sol. (c) 6i  2j  3k  36  4  9  49  7 .
15. If a line makes angles of 90, 135 and 45 with the x, y and z axes respectively, then its
direction cosines are
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 0,  , (b)  , 0, (c) , 0,  (d) 0, ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
Sol. (a) The required direction cosines of the line are cos 90, cos135, cos 45 i.e., 0,  , .
2 2
16. The angle between the lines 2x  3y  z and 6x   y  4z is
(a) 0 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 90
x y z x y z
Sol. (d) Rewriting the given lines,   and   .
3 2 6 2 12 3
The direction ratios of these lines are respectively 3, 2, –6 and 2, –12, –3.
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c2 (3)(2)  (2)(12)  (6)(3)
Using cosθ  , we get cos θ 
a12  b12  c12 a 2 2  b22  c2 2 9  4  36 4  144  9

6  24  18 
 cos θ  0   .
7  157 2
Therefore, the required angle between the lines is 90o .
4 7
17. If for any two events A and B, P(A)  and P(A  B)  , then P(B | A) is equal to
5 10
1 1 7 17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 8 8 20
P(B  A) 7/10 7
Sol. (c) P(B | A)    { P(A B)  P(B  A)
P(A) 4/5 8
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18. Five fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of the events that atleast one head
comes up is
27 5 31 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
32 32 32 32
1 1 1 1 1 1 31
Sol. (c) Required probability  1  P(no head)  1         1   .
2 2 2 2 2 32 32
Note that, ‘no head’ means ‘5 tails’.
Question number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two
statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
19. Assertion (A) : Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting two heads, if it
1
is known that at least one head comes up, is .
3
P(E  F)
Reason (R) : Let E and F be two events with a random experiment, then P(F | E)  .
P(E)
Sol. (a) For Assertion (A), let E : getting at least one head, F : getting two heads.
1 3 1 1
So, P(E)  1  P(no head)  1   , P(F)  and P(E  F)  .
4 4 4 4
P(E  F) 1/4 1
Now P(F | E)    . Clearly, Assertion (A) is true.
P(E) 3/4 3
Also, Reason (R) is true.
Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
8
10  x
20. Assertion (A) :  dx  3 .
2 x  10  x
b b
Reason (R) :  f (x) dx   f (a  b  x) dx .
a a
8
10  x
Sol. (a) Let I   dx …(i)
2 x  10  x
8 8
10  (2  8  x) x
I dx   dx ...(ii)
2 (2  8  x)  10  (2  8  x) 2 10  x  x
8
8
Adding (i) and (ii), 2 I   1dx   x 2  8  2  6 I  3
2

That is, Assertion (A) is true.

Moreover, Reason (R) is true and it is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
21. Write the domain and range (principle value branch) of the function f (x)  tan 1 x .

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  
Sol. Domain of f (x)  tan 1 x is x   (Real nos.) and range (principal value branch) is   ,  .
 2 2
 x 2 , if x  1
22. (a) If f (x)   , then show that f is not differentiable at x  1.
 x, if x  1
OR
(b) Find the value(s) of ‘  ’, if the function
 sin 2 x
 , if x  0
f (x)   x 2 is continuous at x  0.
1, if x  0

Sol. (a) Note that, f (1)  12  1 .
f (x)  f (1) (x 2 )  (1)
Now Rf (1)  lim  lim  lim(x  1)  1  1  2 ,
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1

f (x)  f (1) x 1
Lf (1)  lim  lim  lim(1)  1  Rf (1) .
x 1 x 1 x 1 x  1 x 1
Hence, f is not differentiable at x  1.
OR
sin 2 x
(b) As given function is continuous at x  0 so, lim f (x)  f (0) i.e., lim 1
x 0 x 0 x2
2
sin x 2
 lim 2 2
 1  1  2  1
 x
x  0

   1 .
23. Sketch the region bounded by the lines 2x  y  8, y  2, y  4 and the y-axis. Hence, obtain its
area using integration.
Sol. Consider the diagram shown below.
4
8 y
Required area   dy
2
2
4
1  (8  y)2 
 
2  2  (1)  2
1 4
  (8  y)2 
4 2

1
  16  36
4
1
   20
4
 5 Sq.units .

    2  
24. (a) If the vectors a and b are such that a  3, b  and a  b is a unit vector, then find the
 3

angle between a and b.
OR
(b) Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors
 
a  i  j  3k and b  2i  7j  k.


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 
ab  
Sol. (a) Recall that, sin     , where  is the angle between vectors a and b
a b
1 1  
 sin   
2 2 
 ab 1
3
3

 .
6
OR
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
(b) a  b  1 1 3  20iˆ  5jˆ  5kˆ
2 7 1
 
Now, area of parallelogram  a  b  400  25  25  450  2  225  15 2 Sq.units .
25. Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of a line that passes through the point A(1, 2,  1)
and parallel to the line 5x  25  14  7y  35z.
x 5 y 2 z x 5 y 2 z
Sol. Rewriting the given line in standard form,   i.e.,   .
1 1 1 7 5 1

5 7 35
The direction ratios of this line and required line are 7, –5, 1 (as the d.r.’s for parallel lines are
proportional).
x 1 y  2 z  1
Hence required Cartesian equation of line is   .
7 5 1

Also, the vector equation is r  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ  (7iˆ  5jˆ  k)
ˆ .
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
1 2 3
26. If A   3 2 1 , then show that A3  23A  40 I  O.
 
 4 2 1
1 2 3 1 2 3 19 4 8 
Sol. A  A A  3
2
2 1  3 2 1   1 12 8  ,
    
 4 2 1  4 2 1 14 6 15
19 4 8  1 2 3  63 46 69 
 A  A A   1 12 8   3
3 2
2 1   69 6 23
    
14 6 15  4 2 1 92 46 63
 63 46 69   1 2 3 1 0 0
LHS : A  23A  40 I   69 6
3
23  23 3 2 1  40  0
   1 0
     
92 46 63   4 2 1  0 0 1 
 63 46 69  23 46 69   40 0 0
  69 6 23  69 46 23   0 40 0 
     
92 46 63 92 46 23  0 0 40 

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 40 0 0   40 0 0 
  0 40 0    0 40 0 
 0 0 40   0 0 40 
0 0 0
 0 0 0   O  RHS .
 
 0 0 0 
 1  1 2
27. (a) Differentiate sec 1   w.r.t. sin (2x 1  x ).
2
 1 x 
OR
2
d y cos x
(b) If y  tan x  sec x , then prove that 2
 .
dx (1  sin x)2
 1 
Sol. (a) Let y  sec 1  1
 , z  sin (2x 1  x )
2
2
 1 x 
Put x  sin 
 1  1  1 
 y  sec 1    sec 
1 2 1
 , z  sin (2sin  1  sin  )  sin (2 sin  cos )
2
 1  sin    cos  
1 1
 y  sec (sec ), z  sin (sin 2)
 y  , z  2  y  sin 1 x, z  2sin 1 x
dy 1 dz 1
  ,  2
dx 1  x 2 dx 1  x2
dy dy/dx 1
Now   .
dz dz/dx 2
OR
sin x  1
(b) y  tan x  sec x  y 
cos x
dy cos x(cos x)  (sin x  1)( sin x) cos2 x  sin 2 x  sin x 1  sin x 1
  2
 2
 2

dx cos x cos x 1  sin x 1  sin x
2
d y 1
 2   ( cos x) .
dx (1  sin x) 2
d2y cos x
Hence, 2
 .
dx (1  sin x)2
2
1
28. (a) Evaluate  1 e sin x
dx .
0

OR
4
x
(b) Find  (x  1)(x 2
dx .
 1)
2
1
Sol. (a) Let I   1 e sin x
dx …(i)
0
2 2
1 1
I  1 e sin(2  x )
dx I  1 e  sin x
dx
0 0

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2
esin x
I  dx …(ii)
0
esin x  1
2
2
On adding (i) and (ii), 2 I   1dx   x 0  2 I   .
0

OR
4 4
x (x  1)  1 1
(b) Let I   2
dx   2
dx   (x  1)dx   dx
(x  1)(x  1) (x  1)(x  1) (x  1)(x 2  1)
1 A B(2x) C
Consider 2
  2  2
(x  1)(x  1) x  1 x  1 x  1
 1  A(x 2  1)  2Bx(x  1)  C(x  1)
1 1 1
On equating the like terms, we get : A  , B   , C   .
2 4 2
 1 1 1 2x 1 1 
 I   (x  1) dx       2   2  dx
 2 x 1 4 x 1 2 x 1 
2
x  1 1 1
So, I    x   log x  1  log x 2  1  tan 1 x  c .
 2  2 4 2
29. Find the area of the following region using integration :
{(x, y) : y 2  2 x and y  x  4} .
Sol. Consider the diagram shown below.
Consider y 2  2 x and y  x  4 .
On solving, we get y 2  2(y  4)
 y 2  2y  8  0
 (y  4)(y  2)  0
 y  2, 4 .
Now required area  ar(OABCO)
4 4
y2
  (y  4)dy   dy
2 2 2
4
 (y  4)2  1 4
    y3 
 2  2 6 2

1
 Required area   32  2  64  8
6
 Required area  30  12  18 Sq.units .
30. (a) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(0, 2,3) to the
x  3 y 1 z  4
line   .
5 2 3
OR
      
(b) Three vectors a, b and c satisfy the condition a  b  c  0. Evaluate the quantity
        
  a  b  b  c  c  a, if a  3, b  4 and c  2.
Sol. (a) Let P(0, 2, 3).

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x  3 y 1 z  4
Also, let the line (L) :   .
5 2 3
The direction ratios of line (L) are 5, 2, 3.
Draw PA  line (L).
Coordinates of any random point on the line (L) :
A(5  3, 2  1,3  4) .
The direction ratios of line AP :
5  3, 2  1,3  7 .
As PA  line (L) so, using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 we get
5(5  3)  2(2  1)  3(3  7)  0
  1
That is, the foot of perpendicular is A(2, 3,  1) .
OR
   
(b) Given that a  b  c  0.
       
 (a  b  c).(a  b  c)  0.0
                 
 a .a  a .b  a .c  b.a  b.b  b.c  c.a  c.b  c.c  0
2 2 2      
 a  b  c  2(a .b  b.c  c.a)  0
29
 32  42  22  2()  0  ()   .
2
31. Find the distance between the lines :
      (2i  3j  6k);

r  (i  2 j  4k)

r  (3i  3j  5k)
  (4i  6j  12k)
 .
  
Sol. For the lines, a1  ˆi  2jˆ  4k,
ˆ b  2iˆ  3jˆ  6k;ˆ a  3iˆ  3jˆ  5k,
ˆ b  4iˆ  6ˆj  12kˆ
1 2 2
     
ˆ ˆ ˆ
 a 2  a1  2i  j  k; b 2  2b1 i.e., b1  b 2 . That means, the given lines are parallel lines.
  
Now b1  b (say). So, b  4  9  36  49  7 .
ˆi ˆj kˆ
     
Also (a 2  a1 )  b  2 1 1  9iˆ  14ˆj  4kˆ ; (a 2  a1 )  b  81  196  16  293 .
2 3 6
  
(a 2  a1 )  b 293
Now S.D.    units .
b 7

SECTION D
This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
32. (a) The median of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2 3 cm/s. Find the rate at
which its side is increasing.
OR
(b) Sum of two numbers is 5. If the sum of the cubes of these numbers is least, then find the sum
of the squares of these numbers.
Sol. Let ‘a’ be the side length of equilateral triangle at an instant.
3a
Then, the median (m) will be m  .
2

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Note that, the median of equilateral triangle is perpendicular to the base also.
dm 3 da 3 da
Therefore,   2 3 
dt 2 dt 2 dt
da
  4 cm/s .
dt
OR
Let one of the two numbers be ‘x’ so, the other number will be ‘ (5  x) ’.
Now let f (x)  x   (5  x)3
 f (x)  3x 2  3(5  x)2  30x  75
Also, f (x)  30  0 (Case of minima)
5
For f (x)  0, 30x  75  0  x  .
2
5 5
That means, the two numbers are and .
2 2
2 2
5 5 25 25
Now, sum of the squares of these numbers        2   .
2 2 4 2

2
33. Evaluate  sin 2x tan 1 (sin x) dx .
0

Sol. Let I   sin 2x tan 1  sin x  dx

 I  2  sin x cos x tan 1  sin x  dx
Put sin x  t  cos xdx  dt
 I  2 t tan 1 t dt
d 
 I  tan 1 t  2t dt    [tan 1 t] 2t dt dt
 dt 
 t2 
 I  t 2 tan 1 t    2 
dt
 1 t 
 1 
 I  t 2 tan 1 t   1  2 
dt
 1 t 
 I  t 2 tan 1 t  t  tan 1 t

Also since sin x  t so, when x  0  t  0 and, when x   t  1.
2
/ 2
1 2 1
  sin 2x tan  sin x  dx   t tan 1 t  t  tan 1 t 
0
0

  12 tan 1 1  1  tan 1 1   02 tan 1 0  0  tan 1 0 

  
   1    1.
4 4 2
34. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically.
Maximize : P  70x  40y
Subject to : 3x  2y  9,

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3x  y  9,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.

Corner points Value of P  70x  40y

 9
A  0,  180
 2
B(3, 0) 210  Max. value
O(0, 0) 0

Hence, the maximum value of P  70x  40y is 210

and it is obtained at (3, 0) .

35. (a) In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or
3 2
guesses. Let be the probability that he knows the answer and be the probability that he
5 5
1
guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability .
3
What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?
OR
(b) A box contains 10 tickets, 2 of which carry a prize of ` 8 each, 5 of which carry a prize of
`4 each, and remaining 3 carry a prize of ` 2 each. If one ticket is drawn at random, find the
mean value of the prize.
Sol. (a) Let E1 and E 2 be the events that the student knows the answer and guesses the answer on a
multiple choice test respectively. Also let E be the event that the student answered correctly.
3 2 1
 P(E1 )  , P(E 2 )  , P(E | E1 )  1, P(E | E 2 ) 
5 5 3
P(E | E1 ) P(E1 )
Using Bayes’ theorem, P(E1 | E) 
P(E | E1 ) P(E1 )  P(E | E 2 ) P(E 2 )
3
1
 P(E1 | E)  5
3 1 2
1  
5 3 5
9
 P(E1 | E)  .
11
OR
(b) Let X denote the prize money. Clearly, values of X will be 8, 4, 2.
2 5 3
Therefore, P(X  8)  ; P(X  4)  ; P(X  2) 
10 10 10
2 5 3 16  20  6 42
 Mean value of the prize   X P(X)  8   4   2     4.2 (in `).
10 10 10 10 10

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SECTION E
(Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.)
This section contains three Case-study / Passage based questions.
First two questions have three sub-parts (i), (ii) and (iii) of marks 1, 1 and 2 respectively.
Third question has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.
CASE STUDY I
36. An organization conducted bike race under two different categories – Boys and Girls.
There were 28 participants in all. Among all of them, finally three from category 1 and two from
category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants
for his college project.
Let B  {b1 , b 2 , b3 } and G  {g1 , g 2 }, where B represents the set of Boys selected and G the set
of Girls selected for the final race.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) How many relations are possible from B to G?
(ii) Among all the possible relations from B to G, how many functions can be formed from B to
G?
(iii) Let R : B  B be defined by R  {(x , y) : x and y are students of the same sex}.
Check if R is an equivalence relation.
OR
(iii) A function f : B  G be defined by f  {(b1 , g1 ), (b 2 , g 2 ), (b3 , g1 )}.
Check if f is bijective. Justify your answer.
Sol. (i) Here n(B)  3, n(G)  2 .
No. of relations from B to G  232  26  64 .
(ii) No. of functions from B to G  23  8 .
(iii) Let x  B . That means, x is a boy.
Clearly (x, x)  R  x  B . Therefore, R is a reflexive relation.
Let x, y  B . That means, x and y are boys.
If (x, y)  R , then (y, x)  R . Therefore, R is symmetric relation.
Let x, y, z  B . That means, x, y and z are boys.
If (x, y)  R and (y, z)  R , then (x, z)  R . Therefore, R is transitive relation.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
OR
(iii) Note that, f (b1 )  g1 and f (b3 )  g1 . That is, f (b1 )  f (b3 ) . But b1  b3 .
That means, f is not one-one. So, f is not bijective.
(Recall that, a bijective function must be one-one and onto both).
CASE STUDY II
37. Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of `160. From the same shop,
Vikram buys 2 pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of `190. Also Ankur buys 1
pen, 2 bags and 4 instrument boxes and pays a sum of `250.
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Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX  B.
(ii) Find A .
(iii) Find A 1 .
OR
2
(iii) Determine P  A  5A.
Sol. (i) Let cost of one pen, one bag and one instrument box be x, y and z (in `) respectively.
So, 5x  3y  z  160, 2x  y  3z  190, x  2y  4z  250 .
 5 3 1  x   160 
    
These equations can be expressed as  2 1 3  y    190  .
 1 2 4  z   250 
    
5 3 1 x  160 
     
Clearly, A   2 1 3  , X   y  , B   190  (On comparing to AX  B
 1 2 4 z   250 
     
5 3 1
(ii) A  2 1 3  5( 2)  3(5)  1(3)  22 .
1 2 4
5 3 1  2 10 8 
   
(iii) For matrix A   2 1 3  , adj.A   5 19 13 
1 2 4  3 7 1 
  
 2 10 8 
1 adj.A 1  
A    5 19 13  .
A 22 
 3 7 1 
OR
 5 3 1  5 3 1   32 20 18 
2     
(iii) A  A A   2 1 3  2 1 3    15 13 17 
 1 2 4  1 2 4   13 13 23 
   
 32 20 18   5 3 1   32 20 18   25 15 5 
2        
Therefore, P  A  5A   15 13 17   5  2 1 3    15 13 17    10 5 15 
 13 13 23   1 2 4   13 13 23   5 10 20 
       
7 5 13 
 
 P  5 8 2 .
8 3 3 

CASE STUDY III
38. An equation involving derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to the independent
dy
variables is called a differential equation. A differential equation of the form  F(x, y) is said
dx
to be homogeneous if F(x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree zero, whereas a function
F(x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree n if F( x, y)   n F(x, y).

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dy y
To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type  F(x, y)  g   , we make the
dx x
substitution y  vx and then separate the variables.
Based on the above, answer the following questions.
dy y
(i) Show that (x 2  y 2 ) dx  2 xy dy  0 is a differential equation of the type  g  .
dx x
(ii) Solve the above equation to find its general solution.
dy y 2  x 2
Sol. (i) Rewriting the D.E., 
dx 2 xy
 
dy 1  y x  dy 1  y 1 
     i.e.,    .
dx 2  x y  dx 2  x y 
 x
dy y
Clearly, the given D.E. is of the type  g  .
dx x
dy dv
(ii) To solve the above D.E., put y  vx   vx
dx dx
dv 1  1 dv 1
Therefore, v  x  v    2v  2x  v
dx 2  v dx v
dv 1 v2  1
 2x  v   
dx v v
2v dx
 2 dv   
v 1 x
2
 log v  1   log x  log C
 log y 2  x 2  2 log x   log x  log C
 log y 2  x 2  log x  log C
 log y 2  x 2  log C x
 y 2  x 2  C x is the required general solution.

 Q.P. Code - 65/5/2

1, when i  j
04. If A  [a ij ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that a ij   , then A2 is
0, when i  j
1 0  1 1 1 1  1 0
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
1 0  0 0 1 0  0 1
0 1   0 1  0 1   1 0 
Sol. (d) Here A     A2  A A     .
1 0  1 0  1 0  0 1 
6 0 1
05. The value of the determinant 2 1 4 is
1 1 3
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 7
Sol. (d) Expanding along first row, 6( 1)  0  ( 1)(1)  7 .
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09. The function f (x)  x x , x  R is differentiable

(a) only at x  0 (b) only at x  1 (c) in R (d) in R  {0}
2
 x , if x  0
Sol. (c) Note that f (x)  x x   2
  x , if x  0
2x, if x  0
 f (x)   .
2x, if x  0
Therefore, f (x) is differentiable in R.

4
11. The value of  (sin 2x) dx is
0

1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) 
2 2

4
1 / 4 1 1
Sol. (c)  (sin 2x) dx    cos 2x 0    0  1  .
0
2 2 2
14. A unit vector â makes equal but acute angles on the co-ordinates axes. The projection of the

vector â on the vector b  5i  7j  k is
11 11 4 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 5 3 5 5 3
Sol. 2 2 2
(a) For â , cos   cos   cos   1 (     
1
 cos  
3
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
 â  i j k
3 3 3
  1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ   5i  7j  k 
Now projection of â on b  5i  7j  k is â .bˆ   i j k  . 
 3 3 3   25  49  1 
5  7 1

75 3
11
 .
15
1 1
18. If A and B are two independent events such that P(A)  and P(B)  , then P(B | A) is
3 4
1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
4 8 4
P(B A) P(B).P(A)
Sol. (c) P(B | A)  
P(A) P(A)
3
 P(B | A)  1  P(B)  .
4
Note that, if A and B are independent events then, A and B are also independent.
21. Draw the graph of the principal branch of the function f (x)  cos1 x.
Sol. Graph of the function f (x)  cos1 x is given below.

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25. Find the angle between the following two lines :


r  2i  5j  k  (3i  2j  6k);


r  7i  6kˆ  (i  2j  2k).

 
Sol. For the lines, b1  3i  2j  6k, b  i  2j  2k .
2
 
b .b (3i  2j  6k).(i
   2j  2k)

Using cos θ   1  2 , we get cos θ 
b1 b 2 9  4  36 1  4  4
3  4  12 19
 cosθ  
73 21
 19 
 θ  cos 1   .
 21 
26. Using determinants, find the area of PQR with vertices P(3, 1), Q(9, 3) and R(5, 7). Also, find
the equation of line PQ using determinants.
3 1 1
1
Sol. Area of PQR  Magnitude of 9 3 1
2
5 7 1
1 32
 3( 4)  1(4)  1(48)    16 Sq.units .
2 2
3 1 1
Now equation of line PQ : 9 3 1  0
x y 1
 x( 2)  y( 6)  1(0)  0
 x  3y  0 .

4
cos 2 x
28. (a) Evaluate  1  cos 2x dx .


4
OR
2
x
(b) Find e (x 5  2 x 3 ) dx .
cos 2 x
Sol. (a) Consider f (x) 
1  cos 2x

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cos 2( x) cos 2x

 f ( x)    f (x)
1  cos 2( x) 1  cos 2x
That means, f (x) is an even function.
a a
So, by using  f (x) dx  2 f (x) dx, if f ( x)  f (x) we get
a 0
  
4 4 4
cos 2 x cos 2 x  1 
 1  cos 2x dx  2 1  cos 2x dx  2 1  1  cos 2x  dx
 0 0

4
 
4
 1   sec 2 x 4
 2  1  dx  2  1   dx
0
2 cos2 x  0
2 
 /4
 tan x 
 2 x 
 2  0
  1     
 2      0     1 .
 4 2    2 
OR
x2 5 3 x2 2 2
(b) Let I   e (x  2 x ) dx   e x (x  2)x dx
dt 1 t 1
Put x 2  t  x dx  I   e t(t  2) dt   e t (t 2  2t) dt
2 2 2
2
Here f (t)  t , f (t)  2t
1 1 2
By using  e x  f (x)  f (x) dx  e x f (x)  c we get, I  e t (t 2 )  c  e x (x 4 )  c .
2 2
2 2
29. Find the area of the minor segment of the circle x  y  4 cut off by the line x  1, using
integration.
Sol. Given x 2  y 2  4 and x  1 . Note that the circle is symmetrical about both the coordinate axes.
2

 Required area  2 4  x 2 dx
1
2
x 4 x
 2 4  x 2  sin 1 
2 2 2 1
    3   
 2  0  2      2  
  2  2 6  
 3  
 2    
 2 3 
 2 3 
 2  
 3 2 
 4 
   3  Sq.units .
3 

x
32. Evaluate  dx .
0
1  sin x

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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)


x
Sol. Let I   dx ...(i)
0
1  sin x

x
I dx
0
1  sin(   x)

x
I dx ...(ii)
0
1  sin x
 
x x
On adding (i) and (ii), we get : 2I   dx   dx
0
1  sin x 0
1  sin x

 1
I  dx
2 0 1  sin x
1 1 1
Consider f (x)   f (  x)  
1  sin x 1  sin(  x) 1  sin x
 f (  x)  f (x)
2a  a  /2
2 f (x)dx, if f (2a  x)  f (x)
f (x) dx   0
 1
By using  , we have : I   2  dx
0  2 0
1  sin x
 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x)
/ 2
1
I dx
 
0 1  cos   x 
2 
/ 2
1
I dx
2 x
0 2cos   
4 2
 /2
 2  x
I  sec    dx
2 0 4 2
/ 2
   x 
 I   2 tan    
2  4 2  0
/ 2
   x 
 I    tan    
  4 2  0
         0   
 I    tan       tan     
  4 4     4 2   
     
 I    tan 0   tan       .
   4  

 Q.P. Code - 65/5/3

01. Let R be a relation in the set N given by R  {(a , b) : a  b 2, b  6}. Then
(a) (8, 7)  R (b) (6, 8)  R (c) (3, 8)  R (d) (2, 4)  R
Sol. (b) Note that, 6  8  2 , 8  6 ; when we check (6, 8)  R by putting a  6, b  8 .
5 x 
02. If A    and A  A T , where A T is the transpose of the matrix A, then
y 0
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(a) x  0, y  5 (b) x  y (c) x  y  5 (d) x  5, y  0

5 x  5 y
Sol. (b) As A  A T so,  
 y 0  x 0 
By equality of matrices, x  y .
 3 
06. If f (x)  cos x , then f   is
 4 
1 1
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c)  (d)
2 2
 3  3 1 1
Sol. (d) f    cos   .
 4  4 2 2
09. The function f (x)  x 3  3x is increasing in interval
(a) ( , 0) (b) (0, ) (c)  (d) (0, 1)
2 2
Sol. (c) f (x)  3x  3  3(x  1)  0  x  Real nos.
Hence, f (x)  x 3  3x is increasing in  .
2
 dy  d3y
12. The order and the degree of the differential equation  1  3   4 3 respectively are
 dx  dx
2
(a) 1, (b) 3, 1 (c) 3, 3 (d) 1, 2
3
Sol. (b) Order is 3 and degree is 1.
     1, then a is
13. If a  i  a  (i  j)  a  (i  j  k)
(a) k (b) i (c) j (d) i  j  k

Sol. (b) Let a  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ .
  
Now a  i  x  1, a  (i  j)  x  y  1, a  (i  j  k)
  x  y  z  1,
 x  1, y  0, z  0 .

Hence, a  ˆi .
21. (a) Find the value of k for which the function f given as
1  cos x
 , if x  0
f (x)   2x 2 is continuous at x  0.
k, if x  0
OR
d2y
(b) If x  a cos t and y  bsin t, then find .
dx 2
Sol. (a) As the function f is continuous at x  0 so, lim f (x)  f (0)
x 0

x
2sin 2
1  cos x 2 k
 lim  k  lim
x 0 2x 2 x 0 2x 2
x
sin 2
 lim 2 1 k
2
x
0 x 4
2
4
2 1
1   k
4
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1
Therefore, k  .
4
OR
(b) x  a cos t and y  bsin t,
dx dy
  a sin t,  b cos t
dt dt
dy dy/dt b
    cot t
dx dx/dt a
2
d y b dt b  1 
Now 2
 cosec 2 t   cosec2 t    
dx a dx a  a sin t 
d2 y b
 2   2 cosec3 t .
dx a
  1 
22. Find the value of tan 1  2cos  2sin 1    tan 1 1.
  2 
  1      
Sol. tan 1  2 cos  2sin 1    tan 1 1  tan 1  2 cos  2    
  2    6  4
    1  
 tan 1  2cos    tan 1  2     tan 1 (1) 
 3 4  2 4 4
  
   .
4 4 2
x sin  cos 
26. Show that the determinant  sin   x 1 is independent of  .
cos  1 x
x sin  cos 
Sol. Let    sin   x 1
cos  1 x
   x( x 2  1)  sin ( x sin   cos )  cos ( sin   x cos )
    x 3  x  x sin 2   sin  cos   cos  sin   x cos 2 
    x 3  x  x(sin 2   cos 2 )
   x 3 .
Therefore,  is independent of  .
27. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by y  mx (m  0), x  1, x  2 and the
x-axis.
Sol. Consider the diagram shown below.
2
Area   mx dx
1
m 2 2
 x 
2  1
m
  22  12 
2
3m
 Sq. units .
2
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28. (a) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from point (5, 7, 3) to the line
x  15 y  29 z  5
  .
3 8 5
OR
    
    
(b) If a  i  j  k and b  i  2 j  3k , then find a unit vector perpendicular to both a  b and
 
a  b.
Sol. (a) Let P(5, 7, 3).
x  15 y  29 z  5
Also, let the line (L) :    .
3 8 5
The direction ratios of line (L) are 3, 8, –5.
Draw PA  line (L).
Coordinates of any random point on the line (L) :
A(3  15,8  29,  5  5) .
The direction ratios of line AP :
3  10,8  22,  5  2 .
As PA  line (L) so, using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 we get
3(3  10)  8(8  22)  (5)(5  2)  0
 98  196  0
196

98
   2
That is, the foot of perpendicular is A (9,13,15) .
OR
  ˆ ˆ ˆ   ˆ ˆ
(b) Here a  b  2i  3j  4k ; a  b   j  2k.
ˆi ˆj kˆ
   
Now (a  b)  (a  b)  2 3 4  2iˆ  4ˆj  2kˆ
0 1 2
2iˆ  4jˆ  2kˆ 2iˆ  4jˆ  2kˆ iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ
Required unit vector    .
2iˆ  4jˆ  2kˆ 4  16  4 6
32. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically.
Minimize : Z  60x  80y
Subject to constraints :
3x  4y  8,
5x  2y  11,
x, y  0.
 11   1  8 
Sol. Here the corner points of unbounded feasible region are A  0,  , B  2,  and C  , 0  .
 2   2 3 
Note that, ZA  440, ZB  160 and Z C  160 .
That implies, minimum value of Z is 160.
But the feasible region is unbounded so, 160 may or may not be the minimum value of Z.
To check, let 60x  80y  160
That is, 6x  8y  16
 3x  4y  8
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Note that, 3x  4y  8 and the feasible region

has no points in common.
Hence, Z  160 is the minimum value.
Also, the minimum value (160) is obtained at
all the points of the line segment joining the
 1 8 
points B  2,  and C  , 0  .
 2 3 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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O.P. GUPTA
Author & Math Mentor
Indira Award Winner
 The O.P. Gupta Advanced Math Classes
@ Think Academy, Najafgarh
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