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    Transmission Lines - II (Stripline and Microstrip)

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    Mustafa Khider
    Transmission lines like microstrip and stripline can be used at microwave frequencies as their physical dimensions are small. Microstrip consists of a conductor above a ground plane separated by a dielectric, while stripline has a conductor sandwiched between two ground planes. Their characteristic impedances can be calculated using formulas involving the physical dimensions and dielectric constants. Quarter and half wavelength transmission lines are commonly used as reactive components or to transform impedances.

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    Transmission Lines - II (Stripline and Microstrip)

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa Khider
    421 views4 pages
    Transmission lines like microstrip and stripline can be used at microwave frequencies as their physical dimensions are small. Microstrip consists of a conductor above a ground plane separated by a dielectric, while stripline has a conductor sandwiched between two ground planes. Their characteristic impedances can be calculated using formulas involving the physical dimensions and dielectric constants. Quarter and half wavelength transmission lines are commonly used as reactive components or to transform impedances.

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    Lecture-4.docx

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    Transmission lines like microstrip and stripline can be used at microwave frequencies as their physical dimensions are small. Microstrip consists of a conductor above a ground plane separated by a dielectric, while stripline has a conductor sandwiched between two ground planes. Their characteristic impedances can be calculated using formulas involving the physical dimensions and dielectric constants. Quarter and half wavelength transmission lines are commonly used as reactive components or to transform impedances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    421 views4 pages

    Transmission Lines - II (Stripline and Microstrip)

    Uploaded by

    Mustafa Khider
    Transmission lines like microstrip and stripline can be used at microwave frequencies as their physical dimensions are small. Microstrip consists of a conductor above a ground plane separated by a dielectric, while stripline has a conductor sandwiched between two ground planes. Their characteristic impedances can be calculated using formulas involving the physical dimensions and dielectric constants. Quarter and half wavelength transmission lines are commonly used as reactive components or to transform impedances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Transmission lines –II (Stripline and Microstrip)

    At microwave (1 GHz and greater) frequencies the length of one-half wavelength is


    small and the values of inductance and capacitance become so small that it is difficult to
    realize them physically. Special transmission lines constructed with copper on a printed-
    circuit board (PCB), called Microstrip or Stripline, can be used as tuned circuits, filters, phase
    shifters, reactive components, and impedance-matching circuits at these high frequencies. A
    PCB is a flat insulating base made of fiberglass or some other insulating base material to
    which is bonded copper on one or both sides and sometimes in several layers

    Microstrip
    Microstrip is a flat conductor separated by an insulating dielectric from a large conducting
    ground plane shown in the figure below. The Microstrip is usually one quarter or one-half
    wavelength long. The ground plane is the circuit common. This type of Microstrip is
    equivalent to an unbalanced line. Shorted lines are usually preferred over open lines.
    Microstrip can also be made in a two-line balanced version as shown below.

    The characteristic impedance of Microstrip, as with any transmission line, is dependent on


    its physical characteristics. It can be calculated by using the formula

    Microwave Eng Lecture-4


    87 5.89 h
    Z= ln
    √ ∈+1.41 0.8 w+t
    Where
    Z= characteristic impedance
    ϵ= dielectric constant
    w = width of copper trace
    t = thickness of copper trace
    h = distance between trace and ground plane (dielectric thickness) of dielectric

    Any units of measurement can be used (e.g., inches or millimeters), as long as all dimensions
    are in the same units. The dielectric constant of the popular FR-4 fiber glass PC board
    material is 4.5. The value of ϵ for Teflon is 3.

    Example
    Find the characteristic impedance of Microstrip with the dimensions h=0.0625, w=0.1,
    t=0.003, and ϵ=4.5
    Solution

    87 5.98(0.0625)
    Z= ln =35.8 ln 4.5=53.9 ohm
    √ 4.5+1.41 0.8 ( 0.1 )+ 0.003

    Microwave Eng Lecture-4


    Stripline
    Stripline is a flat conductor sandwiched between two ground planes as shown in the figure
    below. It is more difficult to make than Microstrip; however, it does not radiate as Microstrip
    does. Radiation produces losses. The length is one-quarter or one-half wavelength at the
    desired operating frequency, and shorted lines are more commonly used than open lines.
    The characteristic impedance of stripline is given by the formula
    60 4d
    Z= ln
    ∈ t
    0.67 πw (0.8+ )
    h

    Even thinner Microstrip and stripline and when these are combined with diodes, transistors,
    and other components, microwave integrated circuits (MICs) are formed.

    Microstrip as a circuit element


    Microstrip is preferred for reactive circuits at the higher frequencies because it is
    simpler and less expensive than stripline, but stripline is used where shielding is necessary to
    minimize noise and crosstalk. One-quarter wavelength transmission line can be used to make
    one type of component look like another.

    Example
    A Microstrip transmission line is to be used as a capacitor of 4 pF at 800 MHz. The PCB dielectric
    is 3.6. The Microstrip dimensions are h=0.0625, w=0.13, and t=0.002. find
    a. The characteristic impedance
    b. Reactance of the capacitance
    c. The Microstrip length

    Microwave Eng Lecture-4


    Solution
    87 5.89 h 87 5.89(0.0625)
    a. Z= ln = ln =48.9 ohm
    √ ∈+1.41 0.8 w+t √ 3.6+ 1.41 0.8(0.13)+0.002
    1 1
    b. X L = 2 πfC = =48.9 ohm
    2 π ( 800∗10 6 )( 4∗10−12 )
    c. Take the ratio of XC to Z
    X 49.76
    = =1.02 ≅ 1
    Z 48.9

    Locate 1 on the XC virtcal region of the graph (fig_1 lecture-3). Move to the right to
    encounter the dashed carve for open line then read the wavelength on the lower
    horizontal axis
    Length=λ/8
    v 1
    λ= , v=VF∗v C , VF=
    f √ϵ
    λ vC 3∗10 8
    length= = = ≅ 25 mm
    8 8∗f∗√ ϵ 8∗800∗106∗ √ 3.6

    Microwave Eng Lecture-4

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