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    Digits Cyclicity: Second Last Digit Cyclicity

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    chaostheorist
    1) The document discusses methods for determining the second last digit of large numbers. It examines cases where the last digit is odd (3, 7, 9) or even (2, 4, 6, 8) and provides shortcuts for each case. 2) For numbers ending in 0 or 5, the second last digit will be 0 if the last digit is 0, and 2 or 7 if the last digit is 5. 3) Common patterns are identified, like certain numbers raising to a power of 10 always ending in 24, and 76 always ending in 76 when raised to any power. These patterns are used to reduce large numbers down to their key components.

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    Digits Cyclicity: Second Last Digit Cyclicity

    Uploaded by

    chaostheorist
    94 views5 pages
    1) The document discusses methods for determining the second last digit of large numbers. It examines cases where the last digit is odd (3, 7, 9) or even (2, 4, 6, 8) and provides shortcuts for each case. 2) For numbers ending in 0 or 5, the second last digit will be 0 if the last digit is 0, and 2 or 7 if the last digit is 5. 3) Common patterns are identified, like certain numbers raising to a power of 10 always ending in 24, and 76 always ending in 76 when raised to any power. These patterns are used to reduce large numbers down to their key components.

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    Original Title

    Tens Digit

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    1) The document discusses methods for determining the second last digit of large numbers. It examines cases where the last digit is odd (3, 7, 9) or even (2, 4, 6, 8) and provides shortcuts for each case. 2) For numbers ending in 0 or 5, the second last digit will be 0 if the last digit is 0, and 2 or 7 if the last digit is 5. 3) Common patterns are identified, like certain numbers raising to a power of 10 always ending in 24, and 76 always ending in 76 when raised to any power. These patterns are used to reduce large numbers down to their key components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    94 views5 pages

    Digits Cyclicity: Second Last Digit Cyclicity

    Uploaded by

    chaostheorist
    1) The document discusses methods for determining the second last digit of large numbers. It examines cases where the last digit is odd (3, 7, 9) or even (2, 4, 6, 8) and provides shortcuts for each case. 2) For numbers ending in 0 or 5, the second last digit will be 0 if the last digit is 0, and 2 or 7 if the last digit is 5. 3) Common patterns are identified, like certain numbers raising to a power of 10 always ending in 24, and 76 always ending in 76 when raised to any power. These patterns are used to reduce large numbers down to their key components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    QA – Second Last digit

    Second Last digit


    Cyclicity
    There lies the cyclicity of tens' place digit of all the digits. This is given below:
    Digits Cyclicity
    2, 3, 8- 20
    4, 9- 10
    5- 1
    6- 5
    7- 4
    Example: What is the tens' place digit of 1242?
    For this, we need to break 1242 first by using binomial theorem as (10 + 2)42. Obviously this
    expression will have 43 terms, and out of these 43 terms first 41 terms will have both of
    their tens and units place digit as 0.
    42
    Last two terms will be C41 101 241 + 42C42 x 10° 242
    Now, we will find the tens' place digit of all these terms individually.
    Tens digit of 42C41 101 241 = 42 10 (02) [Cyclicity of 2 is 20, so 241 will have same tens
    digits as 21] = 840, so 40 are the last two digits.
    Similarly, 42C42x 10°x 242= 1 x 1 x 04 = 04
    So, finally last two digits are —> 40 + 04 = 44, so 4 is the tens' place digit.

    OR ALTERNATIVELY
    Since we know that cyclicity of 2 i.e. the last digit of 12 is 20. Therefore for finding the
    last 2 digits of 242 we only consider 22 = 4

    Last two digits of numbers ending in 1

    Example:41534?

    Solution: 41534 = (40 + 1)534 = 534C0 × 400 ×1534 + 533C1 × 401 × 1533 + 532C2 × 402 × 1532 +
    ..., Note that all the terms after the second term will end in two or more zeroes. The
    first two terms are 534C0 × 400 ×1534 and 533C1 × 401 × 1533. Now, the second term will
    end with one zero and the tens digit of the second term will be the product of 534 and
    4 i.e. 6. Therefore, the last two digits of the second term will be 60. The last two digits
    of the first term is 01. So the last two digits of 41534 are 61.

    The shortcut is

    Multiply the ten’s digit of the number (4 here) with the last digit of the exponent (4
    here) to get the ten’s digit. The unit’s digit will always be 1.

    Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1


    QA – Second Last digit

    Here are some more examples:

    211569: Last 2 digits will be 81 (2 ×9 = 18). Therefore, 8 will be the tens digit and one will
    be the units digit)

    6124684: Last 2 digits will be 41 (6×4 = 24). Therefore, 4 will be the tens digit and one
    will be the units digit)

    714838: Last 2 digits will be 61 (7 ×8 = 56). Therefore, 6 will be the tens digit and one will
    be the units digit)

    Last two digits of 41236 × 81147

    The last two digits of 41236 will be 41 and the last two digits of 81147 will be 61.
    Therefore, the last two digits of 41236 × 81147 will be the last two digits of 41 ×61 :01

    Last two digits of numbers ending in 3, 7 or 9

    Find the last two digits of 29146.

    29146 = (292)73. Now, 292 ends in 41 (292 = 841) therefore, we need to find the last two
    digits of (41)73.

    Once the number is ending in 1 we can straight away get the last two digits with the
    help of the previous method. The last two digits are 21 (4 ×3 = 12, so the tens digit will
    be 2 and last digit will be 1)

    Last two digits of 53428.

    53428 = (534)107. Now 534 ends in 21 (534 = 532 × 532 = 2809 × 2809 = xxxxx81) therefore,
    we need to find the last two digits of 81107. By the previous method, the last two digits
    of 81107 = 61 (tens digit = 8 × 7 = 6, unit digit = 1)

    Shortcut:

    If there is a number ending in 3 or 7 or 9, then convert the number into a number with
    last digit as 1 and find the last 2 digits

    Last two digits of 67638.

    67638 = 67636 ×672 = (674)159 ×672 = (89 × 89)159 × 89 (The last two digits of 672 are 89) =
    21159 × 89 = 81 × 89 = 09

    Last two digits of numbers ending in 2, 4, 6 or 8

    Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2


    QA – Second Last digit

    There is only one even two-digit number which always ends in itself (last two digits) - 76
    i.e. 76 raised to any power gives the last two digits as 76. Therefore, our purpose is to
    get 76 as last two digits for even numbers. We know that 24 2 ends in 76 and 2 10 ends in
    24. Also, 24 raised to an even power always ends with 76 and 24 raised to an odd
    power always ends with 24. Therefore, 24 34 will end in 76 and 24 53 will end in 24.

    Find the last two digits of 2 247.

    2247 = (210)24 ×27 = (24)24 (24 raised to an even power) ×27 = 76 × 128 = 28

    (NOTE: Here if you need to multiply 76 with 2 n, then you can straightaway write the last
    two digits of 2 n because when 76 is multiplied with 2 n the last two digits remain the
    same as the last two digits of 2 n. Therefore, the last two digits of 76 × 27 will be the last
    two digits of 2 7 = 28)

    Last two digits of 32536.

    32536 = (25)536 = 22680 = (210)268 = 24268 (24 raised to even power) = 24

    Now those numbers which are not in the form of 2n can be broken down into the form
    2n odd number. We can find the last two digits of both the parts separately.

    Last two digits of 82354.

    82354 = (2 × 41)354 = 2354 × 41354 = (210)35 × 24 × 41354 = 24 × 16 × 61 = 24

    Find the last two digits of 74480.

    74480 = (2 × 37)480 = 2480 × 37480 = (210)38 × (374)285 = 76 x (61)285 = 76 × 01 = 76.

    Last two digits of 56 283.

    56283 = (23 × 7)283 = 2849 × 7283 = (210)84 × 29 × (74)70 × 73 = 76 × 12 × (01)70 ×43 = 16

    Find the last two digits of 78 379.

    78379 = (2 × 39)379 = 2379 × 39379 = (210)37 × 29 × (392)189 × 39 = 24 × 12 × 81 × 39 = 92

    Last two digits of numbers ending in 0 or 5

    If the last digit in abcpqr is 0 then the second last digit will be 0 and if it is 5, second last digit
    will be 2 or 7

    Let us consider our number is abcpqr where a, b, c, p, q and r are digits and c is not 0 or 5.

    Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 3


    QA – Second Last digit

    A) Last digit is odd?

    The second last digit always depends on the last two digits of the number so anything
    before that can be easily neglected. We first convert the number in such a way that the last
    digit of the base becomes 1. If the last digit is odd i.e. 3 or 7 or 9 (5 is much simpler) then
    we can always convert it into a number whose last digit is 1.The second last digit of the
    number will then simply be,

    Last digit of (Second last digit of base) X (Last digit of power) X (Last digit of the remaining
    part)

    Eg: 2569569 : We know that 92 is a number ending in 1. So we write 2569569 as (25692)284 X


    2569

    Let find the last 2 digits of (25692)284

    Now for finding the last 2 digits of 25692 we need to consider only the last 2 digits i.e. 39
    and can ignore 25. Therefore last 2 digits of 25692 will be same as the last 2 digits of 692
    which is 61 (again using the rule regarding the common last 2 digits concept).

    So the last 2 digits of (25692) 284 will be same as the last 2 digits of (692) 284 or same as the
    last 2 digits of (61) 284

    We know the method for calculating the last 2 digits of a number ending in 1. So the last 2
    digits of (61) 284 is 41

    So the last 2 digits of (25692)284 X 2569 will be same as last 2 digits of 41 X 69 which is 29

    Eg: 5627468 = Second last digit of 27468 = Second last digit of (274) 117 = Second last digit of
    (29) 117 = Second Last digit of (292) 58 X 29 = Second Last digit of (41) 58 X29= Second last digit
    of 21 X 29 which is 09

    B) Last digit is even

    We need to remember the following ideas:

     Any number ending with 2 when raised to power of 10 will always end in 24.
     24 raised to an even power will always end in 76 and to an odd power will always
    end in 24.
     76 raised to any power will always end in 76.

    Now we can use these to find out the second last digit. We reduce the number in such a way
    that the last two digits of the base become 76.

    Eg: 1572242

    Second last digit of 72242

    Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 4


    QA – Second Last digit

    Second last digit of 72240 x 722

    Second last digit of (7210) 24 x (84)

    Second last digit of 2424 x (84)

    Second last digit of 76 x 84 = 8

    Eg: 15484 = Second last digit of (54) 84

    Second last digit of (545) 16 x 544 = (***24) 16 x (542) 2

    Second last digit of 76 x (2916) 2

    Second last digit of 76 x 56

    Second last digit of 4256 = 5

    Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 5

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